Pirate Ships and Flags
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Introduction.
导言。
4 Greek and Roman Pirate Ships.
4艘希腊和罗马海盗船。
6 Viking Pirate Ships.
6艘维京海盗船
9 Pirate Ships of Northern Africa.
9 《北非海盗船只》。
11 Chinese Pirate Ships.
中国11艘海盗舰.
13 Pirate Ships of the Caribbean.
13 加勒比海盗船。
15 Pirate Flags.
15只海盗旗.
17 Life on a Pirate Ship.
海盗船上的17条命
20 Conclusion.
20 结论。
22 Glossary.
22 词汇表。
23 introdu Ction Pirates were robbers.
23名海盗是强盗
They did their dirty deeds at sea.
他们在海上做了下流事
They attacked ships carrying treasure.
他们袭击了携带宝藏的船只.
They even went ashore to attack villages.
他们甚至上岸攻击村庄。
They took gold, silver, and jewels.
他们拿走了黄金、银和珠宝
They also took fine fabrics, spices, grain, coffee, and tea.
他们还取出精美的织物,香料,谷物,咖啡和茶叶.
The success of a pirate attack often depended on the ship they used.
海盗袭击的成功往往取决于他们所使用的船只.
Pirate ships came in many sizes and shapes.
海盗船的来来来来来来来来来来去去的大小和形状.
The type of ship used by pirates depended on the part of the world they came from.
海盗使用的船型取决于他们来自的世界。
It also depended on the period of time that the pirates operated.
这还取决于海盗活动的时间。
Early ships were not as large or as fast as most of the ships that were used in the 1700s.
早期的舰只没有1700年代所使用过的大部分舰只那么大或那么快.
This was the Golden Age of piracy, and pirate ships were large and fast.
这是海盗活动的黄金时代,海盗船只又大又快.
As you read, you will learn about different types of pirate ships.
阅读后,你会了解不同类型的海盗船.
You will also learn about life on these ships.
你也会了解这些船上的生活
You will also read about pirate attacks.
你也会读到海盗袭击
To illustrate the difference in size of pirate ships, a pirate on a 1700s ship looks overboard at an 1100s Viking ship.
为了说明海盗舰只大小的不同,1700年代舰只上的一个海盗俯瞰了1100年代的维京船.
Some of the earliest pirates were from the ancient Greek and Roman empires.
一些最早的海盗来自古希腊和罗马帝国.
They did their pirating over 1,500 years ago.
他们1500多年前就做了活计
The sea around Greece was filled with many small islands.
希腊周围的大海被许多小岛所填满.
Ships carrying valuables sailed through the islands.
载有贵重物品的船舶通航各岛.
They traveled close to the shore.
他们走近了海岸
This made it easy for the pirates who were hiding on the islands.
这使得躲藏在岛上的海盗们变得容易.
do You know?
对 你知道吗?
In about 75 bc, when Julius Caesar was young, he was captured by pirates while on his way to Rhodes to study.
在大约75bc中,当朱利叶斯·凯撒还年轻时,他在去罗德斯学习的途中被海盗所俘.
He was held for five weeks until his ransom was paid.
他被关押了五个星期,直到支付赎金。
He later tracked down his captors and had them killed.
他后来追踪到抓捕者并杀死他们。
At its height, the Roman empire stretched around the entire Mediterranean Sea.
在它的高度,罗马帝国在整个地中海上伸展.
These pirate ships often had sharp battering rams attached to the bow or front of the ship.
这些海盗船经常有尖锐的击打公羊附着在船头或船前.
They would ram the victim ship, trying to punch a hole in its side, or hull.
他们会撞倒被害的船 试图打出一个洞 或船体
If the ship being attacked took on water, it became even slower.
如果被攻击的舰只取入了水上,它变得更加缓慢.
Romans were not natural seamen like the Greeks.
罗马人不像希腊人那样是天然海员.
So they built many of their ships to copy the Greeks.
于是他们建造了多艘舰只来复制希腊人.
Roman pirates also used galleys powered by long oars.
罗马海盗也使用由长桨提供动力的船坞.
Some of these galleys had rowers at more than one level of the ship.
其中一些船舱在舰只的一个以上级别有划艇.
The poor oarsmen who rowed below the deck were forced to row where it was hot and stinky.
在甲板下划船的可怜桨手被强迫划出热而臭的地方.
do You know?
对 你知道吗?
Roman pirate ships often had eyes painted on both sides of the bow.
罗马海盗船在船头两侧经常被涂上眼睛.
The pirates claimed the eyes helped them find their victims.
海盗们声称他们的眼睛帮助他们找到受害者。
The idea of painting eyes on ships probably came from Egypt.
将眼睛画到船上的想法可能来自埃及.
Egyptians thought the eyes brought good luck.
埃及人认为眼睛带来好运.
Closeup of the bow of a galley with bronze armor to protect it from damage The Greek pirates used streamlined ships for their attacks.
用青铜盔甲围住船舱的船头 以防受损 希腊海盗使用精简后的船只进行攻击.
These ships were called galleys.
这些舰只被称为"战舰".
These sleek ships were powered by oars.
这些滑翔的舰只由桨提供动力.
Some also had a single large sail.
有的还曾有单张大帆.
Depending on the size of the pirate ship, dozens of pirate crewmen rowed the ship.
根据海盗船的大小,有数十名海盗船员划船.
A galley under the power of many oars was much faster than the clumsy cargo ships that depended on wind power.
许多桨力下的一个船坞比依赖风能的笨手笨脚的货船要快得多.
A galley could quickly overtake a slower cargo ship.
船舱会很快超过一艘较慢的货船
Galleys were also shallow.
盖利斯也很浅.
This made them easier to steer.
这使得他们更容易驾驶.
They could quickly change direction.
他们可以迅速改变方向。
It also meant that if the pirates were being chased, they could escape to shallow water.
这也意味着如果海盗被追赶,他们可以逃到浅水.
They could also go over rocks that large ships would get caught on.
他们也可以翻过大船会被抓住的岩石
Viking Pirate Shi PS While the Greek and Roman pirates threatened ships sailing around southern Europe, the Vikings ruled the seas of northern Europe.
维京海盗 Shi PS 虽然希腊和罗马海盗威胁了在南欧航行的船只,但维京人统治了北欧的海洋.
The Viking pirates were ruthless villains of the north.
维京海盗是北方无情的恶棍
They attacked ships at sea as well as villages along the coast.
他们袭击了海上船只和沿海村庄。
These bearded men of the north gained a reputation for being very fierce barbarians.
这些北方有胡子的人以非常凶猛的野蛮人而获得了名声.
Vikings were expert shipbuilders.
维京人是造船专家
The seas of northern Europe were often very rough, unlike the smoother waters of the Mediterranean Sea.
与地中海平滑的水域不同,北欧的海洋往往非常粗糙.
The ships used by Viking pirates had to be strong so that they would not break up in the rugged sea.
维京海盗使用的船只必须坚固,以免在崎岖的海中分道扬镳.
Their ships were known as longboats.
他们的舰只被称作"长艇".
Longboats were long, as their name suggests.
长船很长,正如他们的名字所示
They were also narrow and sleek.
它们是狭长而滑的。
This made them fast and easy to steer.
这使得它们快速而容易地行驶.
They were powered by a large square sail when in the open sea.
它们在出海时被一股巨大的正方形帆船所为.
When near the shore or going up rivers, they were powered by oars.
当它们靠近岸边或上上河流时 它们被桨所制动力
The longboats were shallow and could land almost anywhere.
长艇很浅,几乎可以在任何地方降落。
This made it easy for Viking pirates to sneak up on ships and villages and quickly attack.
这使得维京海盗可以轻而易举地潜入船只和村庄并迅速出击.
Longboats were also unique for their design.
长艇的设计也十分独特.
The front and back of the longboat curved upward to a point.
长艇的前后向上弯曲到一分.
It was difficult to tell the front from the back.
很难从后面告诉前面
The point, or prow, was often decorated with a dragon’s head.
这个点,或叫"行",常常被用龙头来装饰.
These boats were called dragon boats.
这些船被称为"龙船".
Other prows were shaped like snake heads or the heads of other figures.
其他行走的形状像蛇头或者其他人物的头.
Longboats could hold over fifty Viking pirates.
长艇可以容纳50名维京海盗
These pirates carried spears, axes, swords, and bows and arrows to use in their attacks.
这些海盗携带长矛,斧头,剑,弓箭来作攻击用.
The bow of a Viking ship was sometimes elaborately carved.
维京船的船首有时被精心雕刻.
Pirate Shi PS o F northern a Fri Ca Another group of pirates did their pirating along the northern coast of Africa a little over 1,000 years ago.
海盗Shi PS o F North a Fri Ca 另一群海盗在1000多年前在非洲北部海岸一带出没。
These pirates were known as Barbary corsairs.
这些海盗被称为"巴巴利克塞尔"(Barbary Corsairs).
Corsairs used sleek galleys much like the ones used by the Greek and Roman pirates.
Corsairs使用的是同希腊和罗马海盗使用的船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船多多多为希腊和罗马海盗和罗马海盗用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用船用
The oars were manned by slaves, which left the pirates free to do the fighting.
桨子由奴隶出动,这让海盗们可以自由出战.
A corsair galley The corsairs’ ships were sleek and fast.
一个衣柜 科赛尔号的舰只又滑又快。
Slaves scraped and waxed the hull of their galley between trips at sea.
奴隶们在出海旅行之间刮去他们的船体并打蜡.
This increased the ship’s speed.
这提高了舰只的速度.
The galleys were powered by both oars and sails.
船用桨和帆都配有动力.
The oars were long and heavy.
桨长而重.
A single oar might have to be rowed by several men.
单桨可能要被几个人划出.
A corsair galley could have two to three masts, each holding a sail of a different size.
相机舱可以有2到3个桅杆,每个桅杆上悬挂有不同大小的帆.
A corsair galley often held over one hundred men.
护卫船舱经常关押一百多人
This meant that trips to sea had to be short, since the galley could not carry enough food and water for long trips.
这意味着出海旅行必须很短,因为船坞无法运送足够的食物和水进行长途旅行。
Some corsair galleys were beautiful ships.
一些科萨船坞是美丽的船只。
They were often painted with gold decorations, and gold-painted human figures often extended from the back of the ship.
他们经常被用金色装饰来作画,被用金色涂抹的人类人物也经常从船后延伸出.
Because the stern of a ship was rarely attacked, it was often beautifully ornamented.
因为一艘船的船尾很少被攻击,所以常常被美观地装饰.
Larger Chinese pirate ships were called junks.
较大的中国海盗船被称作"垃圾".
These junks were often converted cargo ships.
这些垃圾经常被改装为货船.
This meant that they were slower than most of the pirate ships you have been reading about.
这意味着它们比大多数你读到的海盗船都慢。
What these ships lacked in speed they made up in arms.
这些舰只的速度太快了 它们用武器构成的
They carried over a dozen large guns.
他们携带了十多支大炮.
They were such good fighting ships that the Chinese navy could not defeat them.
他们都是好战舰,中国海军无法击败他们.
Pirate junks often had three masts.
海盗垃圾经常有三根桅杆.
The sails were large and had four sides.
出道的帆子很大,有四面.
They were made of silk reinforced with strips of bamboo.
它们由用竹条加固的丝绸制成。
These ships were large enough to provide the captain with a nice place to stay.
这些舰只已经足够大,可以给舰长提供好住处.
But the crew lived below in the crowded hold.
但船员住在拥挤的地盘下方
A Chinese junk Chine Se Pirate Shi PS The seas and coastline of China and southeast Asia were perfect settings for pirates.
一个中国垃圾 海盗史 一般事务人员 中国和东南亚的海洋和海岸线是海盗的完美环境。
Chinese pirates hid in mangrove swamps that lined the coast.
中国海盗躲入了沿岸的红树林沼泽地.
Chinese pirate captains often led fleets of small pirate ships.
中国海盗船长经常率领小海盗船队.
One pirate commander, Ching-Chi-ling, led a fleet of nearly 1,000 heavily armed ships.
海盗司令员程克玲率领一支由近1000艘全副武装的舰队.
do You know?
对 你知道吗?
Chinese pirates in the 1800s threatened coastal villages with destruction and slavery if the occupants did not pay the pirates large sums of money.
1800年代的中国海盗威胁说,如果占领者不向海盗支付一大笔钱,就会摧毁沿海村庄并成为奴隶。
Ketches were equipped with two masts.
Ketches配备了两根桅杆.
A mainmast rose from the center of the deck.
从甲板中央升起一顶主桅.
A smaller mast rose from the back section of the deck.
甲板后部有更小的桅杆起落.
Ketches also had a long pointed pole extending forward from the bow.
Ketches还有一个从弓上向外延伸的长长指杆.
It was called a bowsprit.
被称作"弓箭".
The bowsprit on some ketches was as long as the main body of the ship.
一些水壶上所搭起的弓箭与舰只的主体一样长.
Triangular sails were rigged to the bowsprit.
三角帆被操纵到船头上
These sails increased the ketch’s speed.
这些帆船提高了卡通的速度.
The mainmast held a large square mainsail.
主马斯特手持了大型正方形主帆.
If the wind blew from behind the ship, the crew would raise the mainsail, and the wind would push the ship through the water.
如果从船后吹起风来,船员会抬起主帆,风会把船推入水中.
Sails rigged to the back mast were used to move the ketch in different directions.
赛尔斯被操纵在后桅上,用来将卡通移动到不同的方向.
The ketch’s variety of sails made it a versatile sailing ship.
Katch的帆船种类多,
do You know?
对 你知道吗?
The bodies of executed pirates were placed in iron cages and hung from wooden frames where they could be easily seen.
被处决的海盗的尸体被放入铁笼并被从木框上挂起,很容易看到.
This was done to discourage others from becoming pirates.
这样做是为了阻止其他人成为海盗。
Pirate Shi PS o F the Caribbean Probably the pirates we know the most about are the pirates of the Caribbean Sea.
我们最了解的海盗可能是加勒比海的海盗
The islands of the Caribbean were perfect hideouts for pirates looking to plunder ships carrying gold and silver.
加勒比的岛屿是海盗的完美藏身之所,海盗们想掠夺运载金银的船只。
These unruly pirates attacked many Spanish ships passing through the islands.
这些肆无忌惮的海盗袭击了途经群岛的许多西班牙船只.
The pirates of the Caribbean did not sail the high seas.
加勒比海盗没有出海出海。
Instead, they stuck close to shore and sailed among the islands.
相反,他们停留在靠近海岸的地方,并在群岛之间航行.
Therefore, they did not need large ships.
因此,它们不需要大型船只。
These pirates preferred to use sloops and ketches to attack other ships.
这些海盗更喜欢用 s和水壶来攻击其他船只.
These smaller boats were fast and easy to move around.
这些更小的船快速而容易移动.
Pirate Flag S Pirate ships flew flags to warn other ships that they were about to be attacked and that they should surrender.
"海盗"(Pirate Flag S)"海盗"(Pirate)"海盗"(Pirate Flag S)""海盗""海盗"""海盗"""海盗"""海盗"""海盗"""海盗"""海盗"""海盗"""海盗"""海盗"""海盗"""海盗""""海盗"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
Flags were used to strike fear in the crew of ships about to be attacked.
旗被用来打击即将被攻击的船员的恐惧.
Some flags carried scarier messages than others.
有些旗帜比其他旗帜更可怕。
For example, an all-red flag signaled certain death.
例如,一面全红旗会发出一定的死亡信号.
However, sometimes pirates were sneakier.
然而,有时海盗更加狡猾。
They would sail a friendly flag first.
他们首先会悬挂友好的旗帜
Then when they got close to the ship they were attacking, they would raise the pirate flag.
然后,当他们接近正在袭击的船只时,他们会升起海盗旗.
The best-known pirate flag was the Jolly Roger.
最出名的海盗旗帜是"欢乐罗杰".
It was decorated with a skull and two crossed swords, or crossbones.
它被装饰有头骨和两把横剑,或十字骨.
It told crew members on a ship being attacked to surrender without a fight or face death.
它告诉被攻击的船上的船员在不打架或面临死亡的情况下投降.
“Calico” Jack Rackham’s flag In addition to skulls, bones, and swords, pirate flags were decorated with hourglasses, skeletons, and blood.
" 卡利克 " 杰克·拉克姆的旗帜 除了头骨,骨骼和剑外,海盗旗帜还被用小时镜,骨架和血来装饰.
The hourglass signaled that time was running out and the crew should surrender.
小时玻璃显示时间已过,船员应该投降.
One of the most notorious pirates of all time was Blackbeard.
有史以来最臭名昭著的海盗之一是"黑胡子".
Blackbeard’s flag was a skeleton that looked like a devil.
黑胡子的旗帜是一副看起来像魔鬼的骨架.
The skeleton held a spear that pointed at a red heart.
骨架上拿着一把指向红心的长矛.
Drops of blood dripped from the heart.
从心出滴出出出血.
Make your own pirate flag!
做自己的海盗旗!
can be seen from far away.
从远处可以看到
the flag.
旗帜
drew in your design.
画在你的设计。
background of your flag.
旗帜的背景。
symbols and meaning.
符号和意义。
Try This li Fe on a Pirate Shi P Life on a pirate ship was difficult and harsh.
尝试 海盗史·P·毕生号上的这艘海盗船 既艰难又严酷
When not experiencing the excitement and danger of an attack, life was often boring.
在没有经历攻击的刺激和危险时,生活常常是无聊的。
Much of the time spent between attacks was spent repairing sails and riggings.
两次攻击之间的大部分时间是修理帆和钻井。
Sailing a ship also was hard work.
搭船也很辛苦
Muscle power was all the pirates had to rely on to do the work.
肌肉的力量是海盗们必须依靠的力量来完成这项工作。
Sails had to be raised and lowered as conditions changed and to keep the ship moving fast.
帆船必须随着条件的改变而升降并保持舰只的快速行驶.
Teamwork was important.
团队合作很重要。
Pirates slept below the deck in the ship’s hold.
海盗睡在船舱甲板下方。
Quarters were usually cramped, with each crewman having very little space.
每个船员的空间都很小。
They kept their personal property in a sea chest.
他们把个人财产藏在一个海口里。
They slept in hammocks.
他们睡了吊床。
When the weather was good, pirates would often sleep on deck.
天气好的时候,海盗经常会睡在甲板上.
do You know?
对 你知道吗?
Sometimes chickens were kept aboard the ship.
有时鸡被留在船上。
They provided a supply of eggs and fresh meat.
他们提供了鸡蛋和鲜肉的供应。
Pirate ships usually had a population of rats.
海盗船通常有一群老鼠。
The rats chewed sails and ropes and ate food supplies.
老鼠咀嚼了帆和绳子并吃食物供应.
Rats were even known to chew through a ship’s hull and sink a ship.
人们甚至知道老鼠会咀嚼船体并击沉一艘船。
Food aboard a pirate ship was nothing to get excited about.
海盗船上的食物没什么好兴奋的
They had very little fresh meat.
他们的鲜肉很少
When they did, it was usually turtle meat.
当他们这样做的时候,通常是龟肉.
If the fish were biting, pirates ate fresh fish.
如果鱼咬了,海盗就吃了新鲜的鱼。
Otherwise meals consisted of dry, salted meat and dry biscuits.
否则,膳食包括干、盐肉和干饼干。
All of this was usually washed down with beer, wine, or water.
这一切通常被用啤酒,葡萄酒或水来冲倒.
Ships usually had very poor cooking facilities.
船只的烹饪设施通常很差。
Pirates ate off of metal plates.
海盗从金属板上吃掉了
If they were lucky, they had a fork or spoon.
如果他们走运,他们有叉子或勺子。
Otherwise they just used their fingers.
否则他们只是用手指。
Pirates were not known for their good manners.
海盗的好态度并不出名。
do You know?
对 你知道吗?
Fresh fruit, especially limes, were taken on long voyages to prevent diseases such as scurvy.
新鲜水果,特别是石灰,被长途旅行取去来预防斯克维等疾病.
The fruit gave sailors much-needed vitamin C.
水果给了水手急需的维生素C.
Con Clu Sion Most pirate ships were small and fast.
康克卢·西安 大多数海盗船只都很小而且速度快.
Early ships were powered by oars.
早期的舰只由桨作动力.
But by the 1700s most pirate ships were powered by the wind.
但到了1700年代,大多数海盗船都由风来提供动力.
But even these sailing ships were sleek, fast, and easy to steer.
但即使是这些帆船 都飞得飞快又容易驾驶
They were shallow so they could escape their enemies and enter shallow ports.
他们很浅 所以可以逃出敌人 进入浅港
Life aboard a pirate ship was not very pleasant.
海盗船上的生活并不愉快。
Conditions were often dirty and crowded.
条件往往肮脏而拥挤。
The work had to be done by the pirates themselves, except in earlier times when slaves did the work.
这项工作必须由海盗自己来完成,除非在早先的奴隶做这项工作的时候.