Life Cycles

美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习

Table of Contents Many Forms of Life.

多种生活形式目录.

4 Frog Life Cycle.

4蛙活循环.

6 Elephant Life Cycle.

6"大象生命循环".

7 Human Life Cycle.

7"人命循环".

8 Insect Life Cycle.

8昆虫生命周期.

10 Ladybugs.

10个女虫

10 Other Insects.

10 其他昆虫.

12 Plant Life Cycle.

12 植物生命周期.

13 Giant Sequoias.

13"巨型"塞克华斯.

13 Cycles of Life.

13个周期的生活。

15 Glossary.

15 词汇。

16 Many Forms of Life Life takes many forms, and every form of life follows a cycle.

16 多种生命形式有多种形式,每一种生命形式都遵循循环.

For instance, a cat has kittens and a child grows taller.

例如,一只猫有小猫,一个孩子长高。

A caterpillar becomes a butterfly, and an old tree falls in the forest.

毛毛虫会变成蝴蝶,一棵老树会倒入森林.

All these examples are key moments in the life cycles of different organisms.

所有这些例子都是不同生物生命周期的关键时刻.

All life cycles follow a similar pattern.

所有生命周期都遵循类似的模式。

Each cycle has a beginning, like an eagle laying eggs or the birth of a human baby.

每个周期都有起步,就像一只鹰产卵或生出人类婴儿.

Then comes a period of growth and development.

然后是增长和发展的时期。

For example, the eagle learns to fly and hunt.

例如,鹰会学会飞行和打猎.

A human baby grows stronger, learns to walk and talk, and begins to figure out how to survive.

一个人类的婴儿变得更强壮,学会行走和说话,并开始想出如何活下来.

With luck, both the eagle and the person mature, live full lives, and grow old.

幸运地,鹰和人都成熟了,过上充实的生活,并变老.

They may have young of their own, thus starting a new life cycle.

他们可能还年轻,从而开始了新的生命周期。

The life cycle of every living thing ends with death.

每一个活物的生命周期都以死亡而结束.

Some life cycles are simple, while others are complex.

一些生命周期简单,而另一些则复杂.

Some last for hundreds of years, others less than a day!

有些持续了几百年,有些还不到一天!

From beginning to end, all life cycles are made up of a variety of fascinating stages along the way.

从开始到结束,所有的生命周期都由沿途的各种迷人阶段所组成.

In science, including biology, there are almost always exceptions to rules.

在科学,包括生物学中,规则几乎总是有例外.

For example, almost all mammals develop inside their mothers and are born live.

例如,几乎所有哺乳动物都在其母亲体内发育并生来活生.

However, two Australian mammals—the platypus and echidna—lay eggs.

然而,澳大利亚的两个哺乳动物——白yp鱼和艾奇德纳蛋。

The mother curls around the small, leathery eggs to keep them warm and produces milk for her young after they hatch.

母亲将小而有皮质的卵子卷起来保持温暖,并在孵出后为她幼年生出牛奶.

Exceptions to the Rule platypus Frog Life Cycle All animals, from fish to apes, have very different life cycles.

《规则》的例外 蛙类生命周期 所有动物,从鱼到猿类,都有非常不同的生命周期.

Amphibians, such as frogs, start out as eggs laid in water.

蛙等两栖动物起先是被放入水中的卵.

After they hatch, the young go through big physical changes, a dramatic process called metamorphosis.

幼子孵出后,经历了巨大的物理变化,一个叫变形的戏剧过程.

Baby frogs, called tadpoles, use gills to breathe in water, as fish do.

婴儿蛙(学名:Tadpoles)为pol科蛙属下的一个种,用 gi来入水中呼吸,与鱼一样.

They gradually grow legs, and their tails shrink and disappear.

它们逐渐长出腿,尾巴收缩而消失.

They also develop lungs, which allow them to breathe out of water.

它们也发展出肺,从而能从水中呼吸出.

At this point, they are referred to as froglets.

此时它们被称作青蛙.

Some kinds of frogs mature in a matter of weeks.

有些种类的青蛙在几周后会成熟.

The length of a frog’s life cycle depends on the species.

青蛙生命周期的长度取决于物种.

A bullfrog can live up to nine years, while the small rainbow frog of Madagascar lives only two years.

公牛蛙可以活到9年,而马达加斯加的小彩虹蛙只活了2年.

Once they become adults, frogs can mate and lay eggs of their own.

一旦他们成年,青蛙可以交配并自产卵.

Elephant Life Cycle Compared to frogs, African elephants have a long but simple life cycle.

相较于青蛙,非洲大象的生命周期虽长而简单.

Elephant babies, called calves, take about twenty-two months to grow inside their mothers’ wombs.

大象婴儿被称作"小牛",在母亲的子宫内生长大约需要22个月.

When they are born live, they weigh 91 kilograms (200 lb.)

出生时活体重为91公斤(200磅).

or more.

或超过。

Most elephant calves take their first wobbly steps within an hour of entering the world.

多数大象小牛在进入世界后一小时内会走出它们的第一个摇摆起步.

Young elephants have a longer period of development and growth than most mammals.

幼象的发育期和生长期比大多数哺乳动物要长.

An elephant calf drinks milk from its mother until it is five to ten years old.

一只大象幼崽从母亲口中喝出牛奶,直到5到10岁.

Once it switches to eating only plants, an elephant is no longer a calf but not yet an adult.

一旦它切换成只吃植物,一头大象就不再是一头小牛,但还没有成年.

It still needs help from its mother to survive.

它仍然需要母亲的帮助才能活下来.

This period is called adolescence.

这个时期被称为青春期.

African elephants become adults at about age seventeen.

非洲大象在17岁左右成为成人.

At that point, they may mate and reproduce, or have calves.

那时,它们可以交配和繁殖,或者有幼崽.

They are highly intelligent animals that can live up to seventy years.

它们是高度智能的动物,可以活到七十年.

When an elephant dies, members of the herd mourn by touching the dead elephant’s jaw, tusks, and teeth with their trunks.

当一头大象死后,群中的成员会用触摸死去的大象的下巴、牙齿和树干来哀悼。

They also return to “elephant graveyards” to visit the skeletons of their dead friends and family.

他们还回到了“异形墓地”去探访他们死去的朋友和家人的骨架。

Elephant Graveyards Elephants mourn a dead herd member.

大象墓地 大象哀悼一个死去的牧群成员.

Human Life Cycle Humans, like elephants, are mammals.

人类的生命周期与大象一样是哺乳动物.

Humans grow inside their mothers for about nine months and are born helpless.

人类在母亲体内生长了大约9个月,天生无助.

Mothers produce milk to supply their newborns with the nourishment they need.

母亲生产出牛奶,为新生儿提供所需的营养.

After about a year, most babies start walking and talking.

大约一年后,大多数婴儿开始行走和说话.

Young children from ages two to three are often referred to as toddlers.

二至三岁的幼儿常被称作幼儿.

By age five, playing and learning have become children’s main tasks, both at home and school.

到5岁时,玩耍和学习已成为儿童在家庭和学校的主要任务。

Childhood usually lasts for about eleven years.

童年一般持续约11年.

Human adolescence begins at about twelve years of age.

人类青春期从大约12岁开始.

Young people begin going through puberty.

年轻人开始进入青春期。

During this stage, their bodies experience big emotional and physical changes and become capable of having babies.

在这个阶段,他们的身体经历了巨大的情感和身体变化,并变得有能力生孩子.

Their bodies produce more hormones—chemicals that help growth and development as they transform from children into young adults.

它们的身体产生更多的激素——化学物质,在它们从儿童向年轻成年人转化的过程中有助于生长和发展.

Adulthood begins as adolescence ends, though when that happens is different for each person.

成人开始于青春期的结束,但当这种情况对每个人来说都是不同的。

People’s bodies may be full-grown by age eighteen to twenty-four.

18至24岁,人们的身体可能已经完全成熟。

However, the human brain continues to develop and may not be fully formed until age thirty.

然而,人脑在继续发育,可能要到30岁才能完全形成.

Humans take longer to reach maturity than any other mammal.

人类需要比其他哺乳动物更长的时间才能达到成熟.

Humans also need the most support to become adults capable of caring for themselves.

人类也需要最大的支持,才能成为有能力照顾自己的成年人.

Why?

为什么?

Growing up human is a very complex process.

人类的成长是一个非常复杂的过程.

It involves mastering many skills, from using language to getting along with others.

它涉及掌握许多技能,从使用语言到与他人相处。

From birth to death, the average human life cycle lasts almost eighty years.

从出生到死亡,人类的平均生命周期几乎为80年.

However, more people are now living to be one hundred and even older.

然而,现在有更多的人活到一百岁甚至更长。

Insect Life Cycle Like amphibians, many insects develop through metamorphosis.

昆虫生命周期 和两栖动物一样,许多昆虫通过变形而得到发育.

Most insects go through four stages in their life cycle: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.

大多数昆虫在生命周期中经过了四个阶段:卵,幼虫,幼虫和成年虫.

Ladybugs With their orange- red shells and black dots, ladybugs are colorful beetles.

女弹虫 有橙色的红贝壳和黑点 母虫是多彩的甲虫

Like all insects, they start out as eggs.

和所有昆虫一样,它们开始作为卵.

Female ladybugs lay their eggs on the underside of leaves, where predators have a hard time finding them.

雌性母虫在叶子下方产卵,捕食者很难找到它们.

Ladybug eggs hatch after three to five days.

三到五天后,Ladybug蛋孵出.

They are now larvae and look like little six-legged alligators.

它们现在是幼虫 看起来像小六脚鳄鱼

In order to grow, they eat all the bug eggs and smaller insects they can find.

为了生长,它们会吃出能找到的所有虫卵和较小的昆虫.

When a larva outgrows its skin, it molts, shedding and replacing its outer body.

当一个幼虫从皮肤外出时,它会摩尔特,被取出并取而代之的外体.

A ladybug larva usually molts four times.

母虫幼虫通常会化为四倍.

After two to three weeks, the larva attaches itself to a leaf.

二至三周后,幼虫会附着于一株叶子上.

It then changes into a pupa.

后被变作普活.

A ladybug pupa looks a little like a shrimp.

一只母猪看起来有点像虾子

During this stage, it stays still while it transforms inside its own skin.

在这个阶段,它静静地停留,同时在自己的皮肤内变形.

This process may take three to twelve days.

这一过程可能需要三至十二天。

When fully formed, an adult ladybug emerges.

完全形成后,会出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出

Its polka-dotted shell hardens, and soon the beetle is capable of flight.

它的波尔卡被点起的外壳硬化了,而甲虫很快就能够飞行.

Within a year, it is ready to mate and continue its life cycle by reproducing.

在一年内,它准备通过再生来交配并延续其生命周期.

Female ladybugs may produce up to one thousand eggs each year.

雌性虫每年可产出多达一千个卵.

The average life span of a ladybug is two to three years.

母虫的平均寿命为2至3年。

A ladybug lays eggs, starting the cycle all over again.

母虫会产卵, 重新开始循环。

Other Insects The life cycles of some other kinds of insects are somewhat different.

其他昆虫 其他一些种类的昆虫的生命周期有些不同.

Dragonflies, grasshoppers, cockroaches, and similar insects have three life stages instead of four.

龙蝇,草hopper,蟑螂等类似昆虫有三个生命阶段,而不是四个.

The stages are egg, nymph, and adult.

阶段为蛋,尼姆和成人.

At the nymph stage, these insects closely resemble their adult form except that the adults have wings.

在尼姆阶段,这些昆虫与它们的成年形态非常相近,只是成年人有翅膀.

They do not go through the dramatic change of becoming a pupa.

它们不会经历成为一只公狗的戏剧性变化。

Some bugs, like silverfish, simply hatch and grow bigger, molting as their bodies increase in size.

有些虫子,如银鱼,只是孵出并长出更大,随着身体体积的增大而会融化.

Plant Life Cycle Plants do not have a heart or lungs; however, they do have life cycles like all living organisms.

植物生命周期植物没有心脏或肺;然而,它们确实像所有活生物体一样有生命周期.

Most plants start as seeds.

大部分植物都是从种子开始的.

A plant’s life cycle begins when a seed sprouts, or germinates.

植物的生命周期从种子发芽或发芽时开始。

Roots push down into the soil in search of water and nutrients, while leaves reach out for sunshine.

根向下推入土壤去寻找水和养分,而叶子伸出去取出阳光.

Plants turn light energy from the Sun into chemical energy that powers their growth, a process called photosynthesis.

植物将从太阳发出的光能转化为能使其生长动力的化学能,这一过程被称为光合作用.

Giant Sequoias Mature giant sequoia trees are the largest plants on Earth.

巨口鱼 花序巨型花序树是地球上最大的植物.

An individual sequoia tree can grow more than 90 meters (295 ft.)

单个sequoia树可生长于90米(295英尺)以上.

about the size of an oatmeal flake.

和燕麦片一样大

After sprouting, a giant sequoia is called a seedling.

发芽后,一个巨大的sequoia被叫作"幼苗".

After a few years, it starts to resemble an adult tree and is known as a sapling.

几年后,它开始像一棵成年树并被称作"树苗".

It may take twenty years for a giant sequoia to reach 12 meters (39 ft.)

巨型sequoia可能需要20年时间才能达到12米(39英尺).

in height.

在高处。

A giant sequoia in Sequoia National Park, California, USA Young giant sequoias may start producing cones at about the age of twenty.

美国加利福尼亚州塞克乌亚国家公园(Sequoia National Park)的一个巨型sequoia,年轻巨型sequoias可能在20岁左右开始出产锥.

Both male and female cones grow on the same tree.

雄性与雌性锥体都生长在同一棵树上.

Powderlike pollen from male cones lands on female cones and fertilizes them.

由雄性锥体出产的粉状花粉会从雌性锥体上取出并受精.

Fertilized female cones then begin to form seeds.

受精的雌锥再开始形成种子.

The average giant sequoia seed cone contains 230 seeds.

一般巨型sequoia种子锥含有230个种子.

A mature giant sequoia may produce more than 300,000 seeds a year.

一个成熟的巨型sequoia每年可能出产超过30万个种子.

Less than 1 percent of sequoia seeds ever have a chance to germinate, though.

不到1%的sequoia种子 曾经有机会发芽,虽然。

Conditions must be perfect, with proper amounts of moisture and sunlight.

条件必须完美,有适当的水分和阳光。

Giant sequoias are among the longest-living life-forms on Earth.

巨型sequoia是地球上寿命最长的生命形态之一.

Their life cycle may last more than three thousand years.

他们的生命周期可能超过3 000年。

Plant Clones: Aspens Not all plants sprout from seeds.

植物克隆: Aspens 不是所有的植物都从种子中生出

Aspens reproduce by both seeds and root sprouts.

阿斯彭斯由种子和根芽同时繁殖.

These mountain trees send up shoots from their roots that grow into new trees.

这些山地树木从树根上发出出一枪 长成新树

They are all clones, meaning they have identical genes.

他们都是克隆人, 意思是他们有相同的基因。

Genes are like instructions that tell an organism how to grow.

基因就像指示生物如何生长

Scientists consider groves of aspen clones to be some of the oldest and largest living organisms on Earth.

科学家认为Aspen克隆人所生的树林是地球上一些最古老和最大的活生物.

Cycles of Life Nothing lives forever—not mayflies, not elephants, not giant sequoias.

生命周期 没有什么能永远活下来,不是蝴蝶,不是大象,也不是巨型sequoias。

All living things complete their life cycle when they die.

所有活物都死后完成生命周期.

In nature, when a living thing dies, its body decays and breaks down.

在自然界,活物死亡时,其身体会腐烂并分崩离析.

It releases nutrients and chemicals that other organisms use to live, grow, and reproduce.

它释放出其他生物用来活活,生长和繁殖的养分和化学品.

Even when they die, living things help cycles of life continue.

即使他们死了,活物也会帮助生命的循环继续.

A sheep’s life cycle lasts about ten to twelve years.

羊的生命周期大约为10至12年。

Frog Elephant Human Ladybug Sequoia egg calf infant egg seed tadpole child larva seedling froglet adolescent adolescent pupa sapling adult adult adult adult mature tree Examples of Life Cycle Stages Glossary adolescence (n.)

青蛙大象 人类 斯克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克

the stage of the life cycle between childhood and adulthood when humans and other animals are still dependent on their parents (p.

当人类和其他动物仍然依赖于父母时(p.

7) cycle (n.)

7) 周期(不详)

a set of events that keeps repeating in the same order (p.

一组事件,以相同的顺序不断重复(p.

4) development (n.)

4) 开发(n.

(n.)

(无)

(n.)

(无)