The Inuit: Northern Living
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents The Frozen North.
目录："冰冻的北方"
4 Staying Warm.
四住取暖.
8 Venturing Out for Food.
8 为食物排气出道.
11 Work and Play.
11"工作与游戏".
14 The Inuit Today.
14 今日因纽特人.
16 Explore More.
16 探索更多。
19 Glossary.
19 词汇表。
20 The Frozen North There is a place on Earth where it is always cold.
20 冰冻的北方 地球上有个地方总是冷的
The ground is frozen and the land is flat.
地被冻而地被平.
For much of the year, it is covered in a white blanket of snow.
大半年来被白毯雪所覆盖.
This land is so far north that during the winter, the sun doesn’t come above the horizon.
在冬季, 太阳不会超越地平线。
The land remains dark twenty-four hours a day.
这片土地一天24小时仍为黑暗.
But during the summer, the Sun is always above the horizon.
但在夏季,太阳总是会高于地平线.
It is light outside twenty-four hours a day.
一天24小时外很轻
That’s why this place, the Arctic, is sometimes called the “Land of the Midnight Sun.”
因此,北极地区有时被称为“午夜太阳之地”。
If you visit the Arctic region, you’ll feel how cold it is.
若访问北极地区,
The temperature on an average winter day is about –34° Celsius (–30°F)!
平均冬季日的气温约为-34摄氏度(-30°F)!
Each year, between 38 and 229 centimeters (15–90 in) of snow fall.
每年有38至229公分(15-90英寸)的降雪.
For many months, the Arctic’s rivers, lakes, and seas freeze over.
许多月来,北极地区的河流、湖泊和海洋被冻结了。
Brrr!
布鲁!
The Arctic is the circular area around the North Pole.
北极是北极周围的圆形区域.
Inuit Words in English Many Inuit spoke a language called Inuktitut.
因努伊特人英语中的"因努伊特语"(Inuit Words)多以"因努伊特语"(Many Inuit)说出一种叫"因努伊特语"的语言.
Some of the words they used are now words that we use in English.
他们使用的一些词现在是我们用英语使用的词.
So if it’s that cold and snowy, how can anything survive in the Arctic?
那么,如果是那么冷和多雪,那么北极地区怎么会有东西生存呢?
The land is mostly barren tundra where even trees cannot grow.
这片土地大多是贫瘠的苔原,甚至树木都无法生长.
But some plants can take root in the far north.
但有些植物可以在最北端生根.
These are low-growing mosses, shrubs, and tiny flowering plants.
这些是低生长的苔藓,灌木,以及细小的花生植物.
Animals have also found ways to live in the Arctic.
动物们也找到了在北极生活的方法.
Salmon, lake trout, and Arctic cod are fish that swim in the cold waters.
沙门,湖鳟,和北极鳕等是游入冷水中的鱼类.
Whales, seals, walruses, and polar bears live in and around the sea.
鲸鱼,海豹,海象和北极熊生活在海中和周围.
Layers of fat beneath their skin serve as warm insulation.
皮肤下层的脂肪可以做为温暖的绝缘.
Wolves, foxes, and caribou roam the tundra.
狼,狐狸,和卡里布漫游苔原.
Their thick coats of fur help keep them warm.
它们厚厚的毛皮能保持温暖
In the summertime, ducks and geese migrate to the Arctic to build nests and raise their young.
夏季,鸭子和鹅会迁徙到北极地区去筑巢并抚养幼年.
So if plants and animals can survive in the far north, what about people?
所以如果植物和动物能在遥远的北方生存,那么人呢?
How would you stay warm during the cold, dark winters?
在寒冷而黑暗的冬天,你会如何保持温暖?
How would you stay protected from the icy winds and snowstorms?
如何防止冰冷的风和暴风雪?
How would you find food?
你怎么找到食物的? 食物吗?
People have lived in and near the Arctic for thousands of years.
人们在北极及其附近生活了上千年.
Before there were stores, fancy jackets, or electricity, these people survived in the frozen north.
在有商店,花花公子或电力之前,这些人在被冻结的北方幸存了下来.
They built houses from driftwood, earth, whalebones, and snow.
他们用漂流的木头、地、鲸骨和雪来建造房屋。
They burned whale fat to heat their homes.
他们烧了鲸脂来取暖
And they wore animal skins and fur to brave the harsh cold.
他们穿着动物皮和皮毛来勇敢地抵抗严寒.
The hearty people of the far north of North America used to be commonly known as the Eskimo, but we now know them by their preferred name, the Inuit (IN-yoo-it).
北美最北端的心地人曾被通称为"爱斯基摩人"(Eskimo),但我们现在以他们的首选名"因努伊特人"(In-yoo-it)来认识他们.
An Inuit woman Caribou are a type of wild reindeer that live in North America.
因努伊特族女性卡里布(英語:Caribou)是野生驯鹿的一种,常栖息于北美.
The Inuit are Native Americans.
因纽特人是美洲原住民.
This means that their ancestors lived in North America since long before Europeans came to the Americas.
这意味着他们的祖先早在欧洲人来美洲之前就生活在北美.
Over time, the Inuit spread out to live in many different areas.
随着时间的推移,因努伊特人分散到许多不同的地区生活.
Some of them lived just south of the Arctic where there were trees.
其中一些生活在北极南部,那里有树木。
There they could build houses out of wood.
他们可以在那里用木头建房子
But many Inuit lived far to the north, where there were no trees.
但许多因纽特人远在北边,那里没有树木.
They built houses of whale bones, hides, earth, and they sometimes built shelters out of hard- packed snow.
他们建造了由鲸骨,藏物,地表组成的房屋,他们有时会从被硬包裹的雪地上建造避难所.
This book is about the traditional way the Inuit lived.
这本书是关于因纽特人的传统生活方式.
It does not describe how every Inuit person lived, but gives an overview of how many of them lived for many years.
它没有描述每个因努伊特人是如何活下来的,而是概述了其中多少人生活了多年.
You will read about igloos, dogsleds, ice fishing, and more.
你会读到关于伊格洛斯,狗,冰钓,以及更多。
You will even find out what games the Inuit played on cold winter days.
你甚至会知道 因纽特人在寒冷的冬天玩什么游戏
And in the last chapter, you will read about the Inuit who still live in the far north today.
在最后一章中,你会读到今天仍然生活在最北端的因纽特人。
Staying Warm The Inuit knew how to stay warm in freezing conditions.
保持温暖 因纽特人知道如何在冻结的条件下保持温暖.
For clothing, they wore the skins of Arctic animals.
衣着则穿北极动物的外皮.
Inuit women cleaned these skins and sewed them into pants, socks, boots, and gloves.
因努伊特人妇女清洗了这些皮肤,并把它们缝入裤子,袜子,靴子和手套.
The most important article of clothing was the parka, which was a thick, hooded jacket.
最重要的衣物是"帕克"(Parka),它是一种厚厚的被蒙住的外衣.
Caribou skin was a popular material because it was lightweight, yet warm.
Caribou皮肤是一种受欢迎的材料,因为它是轻而易举的,但却很温暖.
When there wasn’t caribou skin, the Inuit used skins from foxes, seals, and polar bears.
在没有驯鹿皮的情况下,因纽特人使用狐狸、海豹和北极熊的皮肤。
They decorated their clothing with beads and carvings.
他们用珠子和雕刻来装饰衣服.
Some Inuit used goggles to protect their eyes from “snow blindness,” or eye damage from the harsh sunlight reflecting off the white snow and ice.
一些因纽特人使用护目镜来保护眼睛免受从白雪地和冰上反射出严酷阳光的“雪盲”或眼睛损伤。
They carved these goggles out of wood and bone.
他们用木头和骨头来雕刻这些护目镜.
Then they cut small slits to see through.
然后他们切出小片块看穿.
These goggles worked like sunglasses.
这些护目镜像墨镜一样有效.
Many People, Many Names For many years, all northern Native Americans were called Eskimo.
许多人, 许多名称 多年来,所有的北方美洲原住民都叫爱斯基摩.
But many tribes do not like this name because it was given to them by other tribes, some of whom were their enemies.
但是许多部落不喜欢这个名字,因为这个名字是被其他部落授予的,有些部落是他们的敌人.
Eskimo means “eater of raw meat.”
爱斯基摩语的意思是“吃生肉。 “
Some Alaskan tribes still call themselves Eskimo, but most northern people prefer the general term Inuit.
一些阿拉斯加部落仍自称为"爱斯基摩"(Eskimo),但大多数北方人更喜欢通称"因努伊特".
Some people prefer their specific tribal name, rather than a general name.
一些人更喜欢他们特定的部落名称,而不是通称.
And tribes in Siberia are not called Inuit.
而西伯利亚的部落不叫因纽特人.
They have their own names.
他们有自己的名字。
The goggles carved out of wood protect this hunter’s eyes from snow blindness.
护目镜是用木头雕刻的,
Inuit houses were an essential part of staying warm.
因努伊特人的房子是保暖的重要组成部分。
The Inuit used the best building materials they could find in their environment.
因努伊特人使用了他们在环境中能找到的最佳建筑材料.
Some Inuit were lucky enough to have driftwood, rocks, and sod.
一些因纽特人很幸运,有漂生木,岩石等.
Caribou skins helped to insulate the walls.
卡里布的皮肤有助于隔热墙壁.
To heat and light the insides of their homes, the Inuit burned oil lamps.
为了给家里的内脏取暖和取光,因纽特人烧毁了油灯.
This oil came from melted animal fat, usually from seals, walruses, or whales.
这种油出自被熔化的动物脂肪,通常出自海豹,海象,或鲸鱼.
The lamps’ wicks were made of moss and grass.
灯笼由苔藓和花草制成。
When the Inuit could not find wood, rocks, or sod during the long and snowy winter, they used snow and ice to build houses.
当因纽特人无法在漫长而多雪的冬季找到木材,岩石,或索德时,他们利用雪地和冰来建造房屋.
People today call these snow houses igloos.
今天人们称这些雪地屋为"Igloos".
Most people are fascinated by igloos.
大多数人对伊格洛斯很着迷.
Not many of us can imagine living in a house built just from blocks of ice and snow.
我们当中很少有人能想象 住在一个由冰雪组成的房子里
Wouldn’t it be like living in a freezer?
会不会像住在冰箱里一样?
And wouldn’t an igloo melt from the heat inside?
冰卢不会从里面的热量中融化吗?
Some Inuit lived in igloos all winter long.
一些因纽特人整个冬天都住在伊格洛斯.
These igloos were so tall that adults could stand up inside them.
这些Igloos是如此高 成年人可以站在那里。
People slept, ate, and gathered in the igloo’s main room.
人们睡觉,吃饭,聚集在伊格卢的主要房间.
Many igloos had side rooms for storage.
许多Igloos有侧室供储存.
And sometimes underground passageways connected neighboring igloos.
有时地下通道连接了相邻的Igloos.
The weather outside was so cold that igloos did not melt in the winter.
外面的天气很冷,以至于伊格洛斯在冬天没有融化.
But on the inside, igloos could be quite warm.
但是在内部,Igloos可能相当温暖。
Long entrance tunnels (just big enough to crawl through) kept out the wind and the cold.
长的出入口地道(仅能爬行到地上)能挡住风和寒.
Oil lamps, cooking fires, and body heat warmed up the main room.
取出油灯,做饭起火,身体发热使主室暖和.
Adults and kids slept on snow platforms covered with animal skin.
成人和孩子们睡在被动物皮肤覆盖的雪地上.
Some igloos had “windows” made from clear lake ice.
一些Igloos拥有由清澈的湖冰所制造的“窗口”。
Caribou or seal skins lined the inside walls and kept the snow and ice from melting by trapping the heat inside.
卡里布或海豹外皮将内壁排出线来,并让内部的热能被夹住来防止冰雪融化.
Inside an igloo, an Inuit shows a traditional toy.
在一个小屋里,一个因纽特人展示了一个传统的玩具.
Building an igloo: The Inuit cut out blocks of hard snow with a long knife.
盖起一座大木屋: 因纽特人用长刀砍出硬雪的地块.
Then they stacked the blocks in a circle that spiraled to close at the top.
然后,他们把块堆成一个圆圈,在顶部螺旋相接而相接.
Venturing Out for Food The Inuit developed creative ways of traveling.
为食物排气 因纽特人发展出创造性的出行方式.
In the winter, teams of dogs pulled sleds through the snow.
在冬季,队伍的狗拉起雪橇穿过了雪地.
The sleds rested on skis made from wood and whalebone.
雪橇靠由木头和鲸骨制成的滑雪板上休息.
In the summer, the Inuit walked over land to gather berries, seaweed, bird eggs, and wild vegetables.
夏天,因纽特人走过陆地来采集浆果,海藻,鸟蛋等野生蔬菜.
When the winter ice thawed, the Inuit also traveled by boat.
冬季冰冻后,因纽特人也乘船出行.
A common boat for one or two people was called a kayak (KIE-yak).
一两个人的普通船被称作"皮划艇"(KIE-yak).
Kayaks were like narrow canoes with covered tops.
卡亚克就像被盖住的狭长的独木舟.
Paddlers sat in small openings.
桨手坐在小开口处。
They attached waterproof jackets made of seal intestine around the edges of the openings to prevent water from getting inside.
他们将由海豹肠制成的防水外衣固定在开口边缘,以防止入水.
Kayaks were made so well- balanced that if they tipped, paddlers could easily roll over until they were right- side-up again.
克雅克被制得非常平衡,如果它们泄露出去,桨手可以很容易地翻转,直到它们再次右侧翻转.
The frozen tundra ground was not good for growing crops like corn, beans, or wheat.
冻冻冻的冻土不利于种植玉米、豆类或小麦等作物。
There were no stores to buy goods.
没有商店可以购买商品。
Therefore, the Inuit had to travel by foot, sled, and boat to find food.
因此,因纽特人不得不步行,雪橇和船去寻找食物.
They found most of their food by hunting and fishing.
他们通过狩猎和捕鱼发现了大部分食物.
The Inuit cut holes in the ice to catch fish in the cold water below.
因纽特人从冰上切出洞来捕取下面冷水中的鱼.
Sometimes the Inuit hunted on land, and other times they hunted on the sea.
有时因纽特人会去陆地上打猎,有时也会去海上打猎.
Seals and caribou were their primary targets.
海豹和海豹是他们的首要目标。
Hunters used harpoons, darts tipped with poison, and bows and arrows.
猎人使用鱼叉,飞镖喷出毒药,弓箭相接.
They speared whales, caught foxes in traps, and fished through holes in the ice.
他们用长矛捕鲸,把狐狸抓入陷阱中,并被从冰上出洞中钓取.
But the resourceful Inuit didn’t kill animals just for food.
但资源丰富的伊努伊特人并非仅仅为了食物而杀死动物.
They used all parts of the animals to make tools, weapons, clothing, and shelter.
他们利用动物的所有部分制造工具、武器、衣服和住所。
For example, when the Inuit killed a whale, they first ate its meat.
例如,伊努伊特人杀死一头鲸鱼时,他们首先吃了它的肉.
Then they melted the whale fat into oil to heat and light their homes.
然后他们把鲸鱼脂肪融化为油来取暖并点燃家园.
Finally, the Inuit carved knives and tools out of whalebone.
最后,伊努伊特人用鲸骨雕出刀和工具.
Work and Play Inuit men spent much of their time hunting, fishing, and making tools.
工作和玩因努伊特人花了很多时间去打猎,捕鱼和制作工具.
Women often cooked, skinned animals, and sewed skins into clothing.
妇女经常做饭,剥去动物的皮,将皮肤缝成衣物.
The kids helped out with these chores until they were old enough to do them alone.
孩子们帮了忙,直到他们长大了,可以独自干活。
There was no such thing as “school” for kids.
儿童没有“学校”这种东西。
The Inuit enjoyed playing games and using their imaginations.
因纽特人喜欢玩游戏并运用他们的想象力.
Harsh winter storms could keep them inside for days at a time.
严寒的冬季暴风雨一次可以让他们在里面呆上几天.
So people told stories, sang songs, danced, and played drums made of animal skin.
于是人们讲故事,唱歌,跳舞,并演奏由动物皮肤所制作的鼓.
Sometimes they even wrestled and played tug-of-war.
有时甚至会摔跤并打拖拉战.
INUIT RESOURCE MENU Animal Food Other Uses Whale Seal Caribou Walrus Whale meat Seal meat Caribou meat Walrus meat • fat for light, heat, and cooking • bones for knives • skins for boots • intestines to waterproof kayaks • skins for warm parkas • skins to sleep on • skins for blankets • ivory tusks for carvings Inuit children take part in a traditional race under fishing nets.
INUIT 资源 MENU 动物食品 其他用途 鲸肉:海豹肉:加勒比花肉;花花肉;花花肉;花花;花花;花花;花花;花花;花花;花花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花;花 因努伊特儿童在渔网下参加传统比赛。
Kids played with dolls, bows and arrows, and leather balls.
孩子们玩玩娃娃,弓箭和皮球.
They also decorated pins, combs, and goggles with carvings that looked like animals.
也用外观像动物的雕刻来装饰花针,梳子和护目镜.
Fathers often made “story knives” for their daughters.
父亲常常为女儿制作"故事刀".
Girls used these story knives to draw pictures in the snow and dirt.
女孩们用这些故事刀来画出雪地和泥土中的照片.
They sat in circles with friends and made up stories based on the pictures.
他们和朋友们坐在圈子里,根据照片编出故事.
Surely one of the favorite games for kids was the “blanket toss.”
当然,对于孩子们来说,最受欢迎的游戏之一是“抛出花瓶”。 “
In this game, one person lay on a blanket made from walrus hides.
在这个游戏中,一个人躺在由海象藏所制作的被子上.
Then all at once, everybody pulled the blanket tight.
然后大家立刻把毯子拉紧了
This was like a trampoline that sent people flying into the air!
这就像一个蹦床 送人飞入空中!
Sometimes they landed on their feet, and other times they did flips.
有时他们站起脚来,有时则翻倒.
The Inuit T oday In the last three sections, you read about traditional Inuit ways of living.
因努伊特人今日报 在最后三节中,你读到了传统的因纽特生活方式.
This is how many of them lived for thousands of years.
这是他们中许多人几千年的生活。
Yet over the last few hundred years, things have changed.
然而,在过去几百年中,情况发生了变化。
Today there are airports, TVs, and computers in the Arctic.
今天,北极地区有机场、电视和计算机。
Now the Inuit are trying to find a balance between the modern world and traditional ways.
现在因纽特人正试图在现代世界和传统方式之间找到平衡.
Many Inuit prefer houses with electricity instead of dark igloos.
许多因纽特人更喜欢有电的房屋,而不是深色的伊格洛斯.
But modern houses cost money.
但现代房屋要花钱.
And to make money, Inuit people have to find jobs.
为了赚钱,因纽特人必须找到工作.
This means that many Inuit spend their days at jobs other than hunting and fishing.
这意味着许多因努伊特人在除打猎和捕鱼之外的其他工作上度过了自己的时光.
There are also fewer wild animals than before.
野生动物也比以前少.
This makes it harder to hunt.
这更难打猎。
A girl is tossed high into the air in a traditional blanket toss.
一个女孩被高高地扔入空气中 被一个传统的被子扔出。
The Inuit still eat seal, caribou, and whale meat, but they also buy food at the store.
因纽特人仍然吃海豹,驯鹿和鲸鱼肉,但他们也在商店购买食物.
They pay money for things like fruits, vegetables, and potato chips.
他们花钱买水果、蔬菜和薯片
Today, land in the frozen north is divided between different countries.
今天,被冰冻的北方的土地被不同国家瓜分.
The Inuit live in the northern parts of Canada, Greenland, Russia, and the United States.
因纽特人居住在加拿大北部,格陵兰,俄罗斯和美国.
In 1999, Canada made a territory for the Inuit called Nunavut.
1999年,加拿大为因努伊特人建立了被称作"努纳武特"的领土.
Nunavut means “Our Land.”
Nunavut的意思是“我们的土地”。
Its official languages are Inuktitut, English, and French.
其官方语言为Inuktitut语、英语和法语。
Now there are also schools in the Arctic.
现在北极也有学校.
Children spend their days reading and writing instead of fishing and sewing.
儿童们花时间读书写作,而不是捕鱼和缝纫。
Inuit elders sometimes visit schools to teach the children Inuit traditions.
因努伊特族的长者有时会去学校,教授儿童因努伊特人的传统.
They help students carve wood, sew animal skins, and tell stories.
他们帮助学生雕刻出木头,缝制出动物皮,并讲述故事.
The elders want kids to remember how their ancestors lived for thousands of years.
长者想孩子们记住他们的祖先如何活了上千年.
If you visited the far north today, you would need to bundle up.
如果你今天去北边的话,你需要整理一下
Maybe you’ d wear a warm jacket, or two or three.
或许你穿一身暖和的外衣,
If you went in the wintertime, it would be dark in the middle of the day.
如果你在冬天去, 它会是黑暗的白天。
It would be freezing cold for days and weeks and months.
冷冻几天又几周又几个月
A visit to the Arctic might make you wonder how people can survive in such a harsh environment.
访问北极可能会让你怀疑 人们如何在如此恶劣的环境中生存。
During your visit, you would meet Inuit people.
在你访问期间 你会见到因纽特人
You would see how they have blended traditional ways with modern living.
你会看到他们是如何把传统的方式 和现代生活结合起来的。
For example, you might see an Inuit man wearing blue jeans and a caribou skin parka.
例如,你可能会看到一个因努伊特人穿着蓝色牛仔裤和一头野牛皮克.
You might ride on a sled that is pulled by a snowmobile instead of dogs.
你可能骑着雪橇 雪地车而不是狗
Or you might see seal hunters wearing sunglasses instead of wooden goggles.
或者你可能看到海豹猎人 戴着墨镜而不是木制护目镜
And before going home, you might buy a piece of Inuit art, such as a little animal carved out of stone.
在回家之前,你可能会买一款因纽特艺术, 比如用石头雕出的小动物。
It would be a souvenir to help you remember your visit to the far north.
这会是一个纪念品 帮助你记住你访问 远北。
Today over 100,000 Inuit people live in the northern parts of four different countries.
今天超过十万人 因纽特人居住在四个不同国家的北部.
Explore More 1 At the Library Ask your librarian where you can find books about the Inuit and the Arctic.
在图书馆探索更多 1 问你的图书馆员在哪里能找到关于因纽特和北极的书籍.
A.
A组.
In the address window, type: www.
在地址窗口中,类型:www.
google.
Google (英语).
com B.
(原始内容存档于2018-09-21). com B.
Then type: Inuit.
然后类型:因纽特.
Click on “Google Search.”
单击“谷歌搜索”。 “
C.
C组
Read the colored links.
读取有色链接.
Click on one that looks interesting.
点击一个看起来很有趣。
D.
D类.
When you want to explore other links, click the back arrow on the top left.
想要探索其他链接时,请单击左上方的后箭头.
E.
（字母E）
Or try some different searches: Eskimo, Arctic, Nunavut, tundra.
或者尝试一些不同的搜索:爱斯基摩,北极,努纳武特,苔原.
3 Try Inuit Storytelling!
3,试试伊努伊特故事!
Whether it’s sitting around a fire or talking on the bus, people have always loved to tell stories.
人们总是喜欢讲故事。
The Inuit used to make up stories from the pictures they drew in the dirt and snow.
伊努伊特人从他们在泥地和雪地上所画的照片中编织出故事.
Try Inuit storytelling with your friends!
试试伊努伊特跟你朋友讲故事
All you need is a stick.
你只需要一根棍子
Sit in a circle and use the stick to draw pictures in the dirt or snow.
坐一圆相并用相杖取出相相相取入于地或雪.
Next, make up a story about the pictures.
接下来,编一个有关照片的故事。
Then hand the stick to the next person.
然后把棍子交给下一个人
He or she can add on to your story or make up a new one.
他或她可以加入你的故事 或者编个新故事
If you let your imagination run wild, you’ll probably come up with some pretty interesting (and funny) stories!
可能还会想出一些有趣的故事。