Telescope
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Hubble’s New Eyes.
4 哈勃的新眼.
5 Carina Nebula: A Star Nursery.
5个卡琳娜 星云:一等星护士.
8 Omega Centauri: A Globular Cluster.
8 欧米茄半人马座:一个"球状"集群.
11 Stephan’s Quintet.
11 斯德汉的"昆特".
13 Butterfly Nebula.
13 蝴蝶星云.
15 Chemical “Fingerprints” in Space.
15 空间中的化学“指纹”。
17 History of the Hubble Space Telescope.
17 哈勃太空望远镜的历史.
19 A “Cool” Future: The James Webb Space Telescope.
19 “酷”未来:詹姆斯·韦伯空间望远镜。
21 Glossary.
21 词汇表。
23 Introduction Look into the sky on a clear night.
23 导言 在晴朗的夜晚向天空看
That multitude of stars is what the Hubble Space Telescope sees all the time, only better.
这些恒星是哈勃太空望远镜 一直看到的,只是更好。
The Hubble Telescope doesn’t sit on the ground.
哈勃望远镜不坐地上。
It orbits Earth, circling high above the planet’s atmosphere.
它环绕地球,在地球大气层上方高地盘旋。
The atmosphere is very important to life on Earth, but the atmosphere causes problems for telescopes.
大气层对地球上的生命非常重要,但大气层给望远镜造成了问题.
It blocks out some kinds of light, which is what makes stars look as though they twinkle.
它挡住一些光线 使恒星看起来像闪闪发光
Astronomers solved the problem of having to look through the atmosphere to study objects in space by launching the Hubble Space Telescope.
天文学家通过发射哈勃太空望远镜解决了必须从大气层中寻找空间研究物体的问题.
Because the Hubble is outside the atmosphere, it can see objects more clearly than telescopes on Earth.
由于哈勃位于大气层外,它比地球上的望远镜能更清楚地看到物体.
Edwin Hubble was an American astronomer whose discoveries led to a much deeper understanding of our universe.
埃德温·哈勃是一位美国天文学家,他的发现导致了对我们宇宙的更深刻的理解.
NASA named the Hubble Space Telescope after him to honor his work.
美国宇航局以他为纪念他的工作而命名了哈勃太空望远镜.
Hubble’s New Eyes The Hubble is one of the best telescopes that astronomers have.
哈勃的新眼睛 哈勃是天文学家拥有的最好的望远镜之一.
The telescope’s images show stars forming, stars dying, and the universe expanding.
望远镜的图像显示恒星的形成、恒星的死亡和宇宙的扩张。
Recently, astronauts visited the Hubble in space to install new equipment.
最近,宇航员在太空中参观了哈勃号以安装新设备.
With the new instruments in place, the Hubble can see better than ever.
随着新乐器的到位,哈勃能比以往更清楚地看到.
Astronaut Faces Danger During Hubble Mission Space Walk May 17, 2009 — Astronaut Mike Massomino stepped out of the space shuttle Atlantis to work on the Hubble.
2009年5月17日"哈勃任务"太空行走期间宇航员面相危险——宇航员迈克·马索米诺从"亚特兰蒂斯"号航天飞机上出道去"哈勃"号工作.
Mike’s job for this space walk was to take out the old spectrograph—a machine used to examine different gases—and replace it with a new one.
迈克在太空行走中的工作是取出旧的分光图——一种用来检查不同气体的机器——并用新的分光图取而代之.
The last three days had been filled with space walks.
过去三天充满了太空行走。
The work was difficult.
工作很困难。
Astronauts were wearing bulky spacesuits that were hard to move in.
宇航员身穿的太空服体积庞大,难以入住.
Engineers had to make new tools for the job.
工程师们必须为这项工作制造出新的工具.
No one knew if all the changes would work.
没有人知道这些改变是否可行。
An astronaut installs new equipment during a visit to the Hubble Space Telescope.
一名宇航员在访问哈勃空间望远镜期间安装了新设备.
Mike Massomino works in orbit high above Earth.
迈克·马索米诺在地球上空的轨道上工作.
Carina Nebula: A Star Nursery One of the Hubble’s new cameras takes amazing pictures of baby stars.
卡丽娜 星云:一颗恒星护士 哈勃的一款新相机拍摄出惊人的婴儿明星相片.
(Astronomers use this term for new stars, even though they know stars are not actually born.)
(天文学家将这个名词用在了新星上,尽管他们知道恒星实际上并没有诞生. )
Stars form in clouds of spinning gas such as those found in many nebulas.
恒星在旋转气体的云中形成,比如在许多星云中发现的.
The Carina Nebula is a cloud of dust and gas in space that gives scientists a chance to see stars forming.
卡琳娜星云是太空中一团尘埃和气体的云,使科学家有机会看到恒星形成.
Mike picked up his new power tool.
迈克捡起他的新动力工具.
The first part of the task was to take off one of the Hubble’s outside handles.
任务第一部分是取出哈勃的一个外出手柄.
Then he could remove the panel to get inside the telescope.
然后他可以移除面板进入望远镜.
Mike had rehearsed this task over and over again in practice runs.
迈克在练习赛中反复排练过这项任务.
He removed one, two, three bolts.
他取出一 二 三把螺栓
But the fourth bolt wouldn’t move.
但第四个螺栓不会移动。
Mike tried again.
迈克又试过了
The bolt stayed stuck.
螺栓被卡住
Mike told ground control about the problem.
迈克告诉地面控制 关于问题。
Then he waited, floating 569 kilometers (353 mi) above Earth.
然后他等待,漂浮在地上569公里(353米).
The Atlantis repair mission was the last time anyone planned to work on the telescope.
亚特兰蒂斯修复任务是最后一次有人计划建造望远镜.
Ground control told Mike to use a pair of pliers to break off the handle.
地控让迈克用一对钳子断了手柄.
This procedure was dangerous because a sharp piece of metal could puncture Mike’s gloves and kill him.
这一程序很危险,因为尖锐的金属可以刺穿Mike的手套并杀死他。
But Mike smiled at the solution.
但迈克却对解决方案微笑.
He carefully pinched the handle with the pliers, pulled it back, and broke it.
他用钳子仔细地捏住手柄,拉回了手柄并把它弄断.
Then he and his partner opened the panel, pulled out the old instrument, and put in the new one.
然后他和搭档打开了面板,取出旧乐器,放入了新乐器.
Ground control and the other astronauts cheered.
地面控制和其他宇航员欢呼.
During the five days of space walks, the Hubble got two new cameras, two kinds of spectrographs, new computers, and new batteries.
在5天的太空行走中,哈勃号获得了两台新相机,两种光谱仪,新计算机和新电池.
With everything in place, the Atlantis crew put the telescope back into orbit and waved good-bye.
随着一切到位,亚特兰蒂斯号机组将望远镜放回了轨道并挥手告别.
New stars form from hydrogen gas and dust in the Carina Nebula.
新恒星由卡琳娜星云中的氢气和尘埃所形成.
The Carina Nebula has huge plumes of dust.
卡琳娜星云有巨大的羽状尘埃.
Some of them cover more than three hundred light years of space.
有的覆盖了300多光年的空间.
One light year is the distance that light travels in one year—so it would take three hundred years for light to travel across the nebula.
一个光年是光在一年中的行走距离——所以光穿越星云需要300年的时间.
The Carina Nebula also has a large collection of stars.
卡琳娜星云也有大量的恒星集合.
Those stars pull on each other and move the cloud of dust around.
那些星星互相拉起来 将尘埃相去相去
Astronomers love to look at this changing nebula.
天文学家喜欢看这个变化中的星云.
Before the Hubble’s new camera was installed, they knew the Carina Nebula was forming stars, but they couldn’t see the actual process.
在哈勃的新相机安装之前,他们知道卡琳娜星云正在形成恒星,但他们看不到实际过程.
Once the new camera was installed, astronomers focused it on the nebula.
新相机被安装后,天文学家将其聚焦于星云上.
They used visible light to take pictures that show the dark, swirling dust.
他们用可见光拍摄出显示暗色相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相
Then astronomers changed the camera to view infrared light.
随后天文学家将相机改为取景红外光.
Infrared is a type of light that humans cannot see.
红外线是人类看不见的一种光.
When the camera takes infrared pictures, the computer colors the image with “false” colors so people can see them.
当相机拍摄出红外线相片时,计算机会用"假"相片来涂色图像,以便人们能看到.
The infrared camera looked right through the clouds of dust to see the gases spinning at over 1.
红外相机通过尘埃的云层直视,看到气体在一号以上旋转.
3 million kilometers per hour (850,000 mph).
时速300万公里(850 000 mph).
These swirlings are baby stars that are just starting to grow.
这些旋花是刚开始生长的幼星.
Different Kinds of Energy Light is a kind of energy that moves in waves.
不同的"能量之光"是一种在波浪中移动的能量.
Scientists measure it in wavelengths, or the distance from the top of one wave to the top of the next wave.
科学家用波长来测量它,或者说从一波顶到下一波顶的距离.
Humans can see the energy called visible light, but there are many other kinds of energy we can’t see.
人类可以看到被称为可见光的能量,
Gamma rays, X-rays, and ultraviolet light have shorter wavelengths than visible light.
伽玛射线,X射线,和紫外线的波长都比可见光短.
Infrared, microwave, and radio energy have longer wavelengths than visible light.
红外线,微波和无线电能的波长比可见光长.
Most telescopes are designed to “see” only one or two of these energy types.
多数望远镜的设计仅能“看到”其中一两种能量类型。
The Hubble is unusual in that it can measure ultraviolet, visible, and even some of the infrared wavelengths.
哈勃是不寻常的,因为它可以测量紫外线,可见,甚至一些红外波长.
Combining these different views into one picture can produce incredibly beautiful and informative images of objects in our universe.
把这些不同视角合成一张图片，可以呈现宇宙天体既美丽又信息丰富的图像。
Omega Centauri: A Globular Cluster Astronomers pointed the upgraded Hubble Space Telescope at Omega Centauri, a huge group of stars—ten million or more.
Omega Centauri:一个Globular Cluster Astors指向了被升级的哈勃太空望远镜Omega Centauri,一个庞大的恒星群——1000万或更多.
When that many stars group together in space, we call them a globular cluster.
当许多恒星聚集在太空时,我们称之为"星团"。
Omega Centauri was a place where the Hubble had looked before.
欧米茄半人马座是哈勃之前曾去过的地方.
But now, with the new instruments installed, astronomers hoped to learn even more.
但是现在,随着新仪器的安装,天文学家希望学习更多的东西.
The cluster shows stars in different age groups.
星团显示不同年龄段的恒星.
Most of the stars start out yellow, like our sun.
大部分恒星都是黄色的 就像我们的太阳
As they get older, they balloon out, becoming larger and red.
随着年龄的增长,他们气球飞出, 变得更大和红色。
In the last phase, the stars turn blue.
后一相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相
These dying stars are smaller and hotter than the others.
这些垂死的恒星比其他恒星更小更热.
The new images may hold the clue to a mystery.
新的图像可能隐藏着神秘的线索.
Scientists say that some of the pictures show a blank spot.
科学家们说,有些图片显示了一个空白点.
The stars around the blank spot look as though they are being pulled inside.
空地周围的星星看起来好像被拉进去了
That blank spot might be a black hole—a kind of vacuum in space.
这个空白点可能是个黑洞 太空中的真空
Because black holes generate amazing amounts of gravity, they would pull hard on the stars.
因为黑洞会产生惊人的重力,它们会用力地拉向恒星.
Scientists think that the presence of a black hole would help to explain why the stars stayed together in a cluster.
科学家认为黑洞的存在有助于解释为什么恒星会留在一个星团中.
The Hubble Space Telescope took this image of NGC 1850, a double cluster in one of our neighboring galaxies.
哈勃太空望远镜拍摄了NGC 1850的图像, 是我们相邻星系中的一个双星团。
The Hubble can now show more clearly the colors of the stars in Omega Centauri.
哈勃号现在可以更清楚地显示奥米加半人马座中的星等颜色.
Yellow stars are young, red stars are older, and blue stars are the oldest.
黄星年幼,红星年龄较大,而蓝星最古老.
Stephan’s Quintet The five galaxies in Stephan’s Quintet appear to be fighting.
斯德芬的昆特语 斯特凡的昆特的五个星系似乎在战斗.
The Hubble’s improved equipment better shows how the galaxies are pulling on each other and have grown loops and tails instead of having the normal rounded shape.
哈勃改进后的设备更能说明星系是如何相互拉动并发展出环形和尾巴,而不是具有正常的圆形.
This tug of war happens when galaxies are close to each other.
这种牵引战争发生在星系相近时.
Eventually, at least one of the galaxies will get pulled into another one.
最终,至少有一个星系会被拉入另一个星系.
However, their collision will not make a loud crash because sound does not travel through the emptiness of space.
然而,它们的相撞不会造成响亮的相撞,因为声音不会穿越空地.
Moving stars are silent, but their effects can be dramatic.
移动的恒星是无声的,但是它们的效果可能是戏剧性的.
When a star moves, it creates a bow shock.
恒星移动时会产生弓震.
A bow shock is the energy from an object pushing forward.
弓震是物体向前推进产生的能量.
This energy is like a bow wave that a ship makes as it moves through the water.
这种能量就像一艘船在水中移动时产生的弓浪.
The larger the ship, the bigger the bow wave.
舰只越大,弓波越大.
Since stars are huge, their bow shocks can affect objects far away.
由于恒星巨大,它们的弓震可以影响远处的物体.
Scientists say that the Hubble’s improved view of Stephan’s Quintet may help them to understand what happened when the universe was young, some fourteen billion years ago.
科学家们说,哈勃对斯德芬的"昆特"的改良观点可能有助于他们了解宇宙年轻时发生的事情,大约140亿年前.
Back then, more stars were close together, so more collisions took place—and many more bow shocks formed.
当时,更多的恒星相接相接相接,因此发生了更多的相撞事件——并形成了更多的弓震.
Stephan’s Quintet is named for French astronomer Édouard Stephan, who first described it in 1 877.
斯德芬的"昆特"取名于法国天文学家Édouard Stephan,他于1877年首次描述.
The bright dot near the center of this Hubble image is a young star.
这个哈勃形象中心附近的亮点是一颗年轻的恒星.
Its crescent-shaped bow shock is just to its right.
它的再生状弓状震荡只是它的右侧.
Butterfly Nebula The updated Hubble Space Telescope also took amazing images of the Butterfly Nebula, such as the one on the following page.
蝴蝶星云 更新的哈勃太空望远镜还拍摄了蝴蝶星云的惊人图像,如下页的一幅.
If you think the Butterfly Nebula looks fragile, look again.
如果你认为蝴蝶星云看起来很脆弱,再看看.
Those soft wings are actually super-hot gas.
这些软翅膀其实是超热气体.
The gas is shooting out of a star in the center.
气从中心一星出.
The “wings” of the Butterfly Nebula’s gas cloud stretch more than two light years across.
蝴蝶星云气体云的"翼"横跨了两个多光年.
Astronomers say the Butterfly Nebula is both lovely and informative.
天文学家说"蝴蝶星云"既可爱又资料丰富.
The nebula is caused by a dying star.
星云由一死恒星所发.
The star was once about five times the size of our sun.
这颗恒星曾经是太阳的五倍
However, it has been ejecting gas and shrinking for the last 2,200 years.
然而,它在过去2200年里一直在喷出气体并萎缩.
Scientists say our sun might die in the same manner in another five billion years.
科学家们说,我们的太阳可能在50亿年后以同样的方式死去。
Astronomers are also watching this nebula to learn more about how the universe recycles.
天文学家也正在观看这个星云,以更多地了解宇宙的再生过程.
The gases do not just float forever in space; they get used again.
这些气体不仅永远漂浮在太空中,而且再次被使用。
The Butterfly Nebula’s clouds contain the elements hydrogen, helium, and carbon.
蝴蝶星云含有氢,氦,碳等元素.
These elements will all eventually become part of a new star or a new planet.
这些元素最终都会成为新星或新行星的一部分.
In fact, the carbon that helps make up every person on Earth was once part of a star.
事实上,帮助构成地球上每个人的碳 曾经是恒星的一部分。
The Butterfly Nebula has a fiery, dying star at its center.
蝴蝶星云有闪烁,死亡的恒星位于其中心.
Chemical “Fingerprints” in Space Space is not empty.
空间中的化学“指纹”并非是空的。
Gas, dust, planets, and stars all make up a cosmic web.
气体、尘埃、行星和恒星都构成了宇宙网。
Astronomers use new instruments on the Hubble to map the universe.
天文学家用哈勃上的新仪器绘制出宇宙图.
The Hubble uses two spectrographs to identify different kinds of matter in space.
哈勃人使用两个分谱法来识别空间中不同种类的物质.
Using the measurements, astronomers learn four things about each object they observe.
天文学家利用这些测量方法,学习了四样东西,关于他们观察到的每个物体.
They learn the temperature of the object, its density (how “solid” it is), the chemical elements it contains, and how fast it is moving.
他们了解物体的温度、其密度(如何“固态”)、其所含化学元素以及其移动速度。
The spectrographs measure the light that bounces off the gases and dust.
光谱测量出从气体和尘埃中弹出出光线.
Each chemical element looks different from the others.
每一种化学元素看起来都与其他元素不同.
Hydrogen looks different from helium, helium looks different from nitrogen, and so on.
氢气外观不同于氦气,氦气外观不同于氮气等.
Also, warmer objects look different from colder ones.
另外,更温暖的物体看起来与更冷的物体不同.
Solid objects look different from gases, and faster objects look different from slower ones.
固体物体看起来与气体不同,而更快的物体看起来与较慢的物体不同.
The information these instruments produce does not look like the pictures of the nebula or the globular cluster.
这些仪器生成的信息看起来并不像星云或星团的相片.
This information is presented as a series of lines that are a sort of chemical “fingerprint.”
这些资料是作为化学“指印”系列提出的。 “
The lines show how much hydrogen, helium, and other matter is in one spot in space.
线条显示了氢,氦等物质在空间的一个位置上有多少.
An exploding star left behind this massive cloud of gas and dust.
一颗爆炸的恒星 留下了巨大的气体和尘埃
Wavelength The Hubble used its spectrograph to study the cloud left behind by an exploding star.
波长 哈勃号利用它的分光图研究了被爆炸恒星所留下的云.
History of the Hubble Space Telescope Astronomers first started using the Hubble to peer into the universe in 1990.
哈勃太空望远镜天文学家的历史最早于1990年开始使用哈勃来对等宇宙.
When it was first released into orbit from the cargo bay of the shuttle Discovery, people were excited about the possibilities.
当它首次从太空梭发现号的货舱被放入轨道时,人们对各种可能性感到兴奋.
However, there was a big glitch.
然而,有一个很大的故障。
The telescope’s main mirror had a tiny imperfection.
望远镜的主镜有微小的不完美。
The mirror is used to collect and focus light on the instruments.
镜被用来收集并聚焦于仪器上.
The mirror was off by 1 /50th of the thickness of a piece of paper.
镜子在一纸厚度的1/50被关闭.
That amount was enough to make the telescope’s images look blurry and slightly out of focus.
这一数额足以使望远镜的图像显得模糊而略显不集中。
In 1993, astronauts flew to the Hubble and repaired it.
1993年,宇航员飞到哈勃号并修复.
After that, the images surprised everyone.
之后,画面令大家惊讶.
No one knew that the telescope would be a source of so much information and beauty.
没有人知道望远镜会 成为如此多的信息和美丽的来源。
Astronauts visited the telescope four more times.
宇航员又四次参观了望远镜.
They updated its equipment, proving that astronauts could do complex work in space.
他们更新了它的设备,证明了宇航员可以在太空做复杂的工作.
With its new equipment installed in 2009, the Hubble looks deeper into the universe than ever before.
哈勃号于2009年安装了新设备,从此对宇宙的探索比以往任何时候都更深.
It can see stars that are dying and stars that are just starting out.
它可以看到正在死亡的恒星和刚刚开始的恒星.
Understanding how the universe is put together will help people travel through space.
了解宇宙是如何组合的,将有助于人们穿越太空.
It will also help people who hope to find life on other planets.
它还会帮助那些希望在其他星球上找到生命的人.
With its new computers and batteries, the Hubble is expected to continue working for many more years.
有了新的计算机和电池,哈勃号预计将再多工作几年.
NASA also plans to launch the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in the near future.
NASA还计划在不久的将来发射詹姆斯·韦伯空间望远镜(JWST).
Technicians work on the Hubble Space Telescope’s main mirror assembly.
技术人员从事哈勃空间望远镜主镜组装工作.
A “Cool” Future: The James Webb Space Telescope The JWST will be cool in more ways than one; engineers are designing the JWST to make sure that the telescope will not heat up in space.
“酷”未来:詹姆斯·韦伯空间望远镜 JWST在多个方面会冷却;工程师正在设计JWST,以确保望远镜不会在太空中发热.
If the telescope gets too warm, it won’t pick up tiny levels of infrared light.
如果望远镜太热了,它不会捡起微小的红外光。
Engineers have built a sun shield the size of a tennis court that will keep the telescope in the shade so it will stay cool enough to do its job.
工程师们建造了一座网球场大小的遮阳罩,将望远镜保留在遮阳处,这样它就足够凉爽地完成任务了.
The new telescope is expected to launch in the near future.
新的望远镜预计将在不久的将来发射。
It’s bigger than the Hubble and lighter.
比起哈勃,
The whole JWST, including the giant sun shield, will fold up to squeeze into a five-meter cargo bay and then unfold in space.
包括巨型太阳盾在内的整个JWST会折叠到挤入5米高的货舱后再在太空中展开.
Once there, it will begin its job of taking a long, deep look at our universe.
一旦到场,它将开始它的任务, 需要长时间,深入地审视我们的宇宙。
The Hubble has captured many amazing images since it was launched in 1 990.
哈勃自1990年推出后就已经捕捉出许多惊人的画面.
Visit www.
访问www.
hubblesite.
站立场
org to learn more.
学习更多。
The James Webb Space Telescope will look even farther out into the universe than the Hubble can.
詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜将比哈勃更远地看入宇宙.
It will uncover more information about new stars being born and other stars dying.
它将揭示更多关于新星诞生和其他恒星死亡的信息.