Greenhouse
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 The History of Greenhouses.
4"温室史".
6 How Greenhouses Work.
6 温室如何运作。
9 Finding a Good Location.
9 寻找好位置。
10 Building a Cardboard Box Greenhouse.
10 建造纸板盒温室。
12 Tips for Greenhouse Care.
12 温室护理提示。
18 Conclusion.
18 结论。
19 Glossary.
19 词汇表。
20 Introduction For decades, gardening ruled over all other hobbies in the United States.
导言 几十年来,园艺统治了美国所有其他爱好者.
Even difficult winter weather conditions—heavy rains, harsh winds, fierce hail, deep snow—could not keep many people from doing what they enjoyed.
即使是艰苦的冬季天气条件——暴雨、严风、严冰雹、深雪——也不能阻止许多人做他们喜欢的事。
People have looked to indoor gardening as a way to maintain or enhance their hobby for hundreds of years.
人们把室内园艺作为保持或增强爱好数百年的一种方式.
Indoor gardening allows people to keep plants growing for months when outdoor conditions make it difficult, and often helps crops of vegetables and flowers to be grown year-round.
室内园艺可以让人们在户外条件使植物难以生长时将植物保持数月,并经常会帮助蔬菜和花卉的作物全年种植.
Plants are fully protected from the cold in the indoor greenhouse (above) and receive some protection outdoors with these glass covers (left).
植物在室内温室被完全防寒(上),并用这些玻璃盖(左)得到一些室外保护.
One type of indoor gardening uses a greenhouse to grow plants throughout the year.
有一类室内园艺全年使用温室来种植植物.
Greenhouses keep out varying weather conditions and temperature extremes, and preserve ideal conditions for plants to grow.
温室保持不同天气条件和极端温度,并保持植物生长的理想条件。
The roof and walls of a greenhouse are usually made of glass or plastic.
温室的屋顶和墙壁通常由玻璃或塑料制成.
The humidity is kept fairly high, natural light is at a maximum, and carbon dioxide is trapped inside for plants to breathe.
湿度保持相当高,自然光线达到最大值,二氧化碳被困在里面,供植物呼吸.
Some gardeners grow their entire crop in a greenhouse, while others use it to germinate plants before moving them outside.
一些园丁在温室里种植出他们的整个作物,而另一些人则利用它来给植物发芽后再将其迁出.
The History of Greenhouses Greenhouses have been used since ancient Rome.
"温室温室史"自古罗马起被使用.
Legend has it that in ad 30, the Roman emperor Tiberius became ill.
传说在广告30中,罗马皇帝提比略病倒.
His doctor recommended that the emperor eat a cucumber every day in order to regain his health.
他的医生建议皇帝每天吃一粒黄瓜来恢复他的健康.
This presented a challenge to Tiberius’s gardeners.
这对提比略的园丁提出了挑战。
How could they keep the green vegetable growing all year long?
他们怎么能让绿色蔬菜 长活一年呢?
They decided to plant the cucumbers in large clay pots and cover them with a thin, glass- like mineral called mica.
他们决定把黄瓜放入大粘土锅里 并用薄的玻璃覆盖它们 就像矿物质叫做米卡
The mica greenhouse was able to gather sunlight, keep the soil moist, and protect the cucumbers from temperature changes.
密克温室能够收起阳光,保持土壤湿润,并保护黄瓜免受温度变化的影响.
Hundreds of years later, in the sixteenth century, Europeans began exploring and trading with people from various places all over the world.
数百年后,在十六世纪,欧洲人开始探索和交易来自世界各地各地的人.
Many Europeans would often return home with new and unique plants.
许多欧洲人往往带着新的和独特的植物回家。
However, those plants often could not survive the colder, and sometimes harsh, European climate.
然而,这些植物往往无法从更寒冷、有时更严酷的欧洲气候中生存下来。
In order to keep those rare plants alive through the winter, a shelter was designed to keep them growing.
为了让这些稀有的植物能活到冬天,设计了一个避难所来维持它们的生长.
The people of Italy were the first to construct what we consider modern greenhouses.
意大利人民是第一个建造我们认为现代温室的人。
Holland and England followed closely behind.
荷兰和英国紧跟其后.
varieties of plants.
植物品种。
The people of France in particular had a fascination with one foreign plant: the orange tree.
法国人民尤其对一种外国植物产生了兴趣:橘子树。
They began constructing “orangeries” to protect this fruit, native to warmer climates in Asia, from frost.
他们开始建造“橙子”来保护亚洲的这种原生到温暖的气候免受霜冻。
During the seventeenth century, using new technology and improved glass, the French began redesigning their greenhouses in style and size— the largest and most ornate at the time being one at the Palace of Versailles, which was over 500 feet (152 m) long, 42 feet (13 m) wide, and 45 feet (14 m) high.
17世纪期间,法国人利用新技术和改良玻璃,开始重新设计其风格和大小的温室——当时最大的和最原始的温室是凡尔赛宫,长500多英尺(152米),宽42英尺(13米),高45英尺(14米).
Today, greenhouses are used around the world to supply stores with food and flowers year- round.
今天,温室被世界各地用来供应食品和花卉,全年供应.
Grocery stores can now stock fruits and vegetables year-round instead of just during the season when they mature in nature.
食品店现在可以全年储存水果和蔬菜,而不只是在大自然成熟的季节。
Spring flowers can now be sold by florists in the middle of winter.
春季花可以由花商在冬季中旬发售.
Orange trees are grown in pots so they can be moved from the orangerie, where they grow in cold weather, to the gardens (above) at the Palace of Versailles in warm weather.
橘子树被种植于锅中,可以由在寒冷天气中生长的橘子地迁移到温暖天气中凡尔赛宫的花园(上方).
Workers check the watering system in this flower greenhouse.
工人检查这个花温室的取水系统.
Fruits and vegetables are available in grocery stores year-round in part because of greenhouses.
杂货店全年都有水果和蔬菜供应,部分原因是温室。
How Greenhouses Work Greenhouses allow plants to grow fuller and faster than if they were outdoors, exposed to the weather.
温室如何工作温室,使植物比在室外接触天气时更能更完整和更快地生长.
How can a simple structure of glass (or plastic) do that?
简单的玻璃(或塑料)结构怎么能做到这一点?
A lot depends on the light.
有很多取决于光。
Light has different wavelengths.
光有不同的波长.
The short waves from the Sun pass through the glass.
出自太阳的短波从玻璃上穿过.
The plants use this light to convert carbon dioxide and water into food, which allows them to grow.
植物利用此光将二氧化碳和水转化为食物,使植物得以生长.
This process is called photosynthesis.
这个过程叫做光合作用.
Once inside the glass, the Sun’s light is absorbed by the plants and other materials in the greenhouse.
一旦进入玻璃,太阳的光被温室中的植物和其他材料所吸收.
The plants and materials release the extra energy gained from the Sun’s light as heat.
这些工厂和材料释放出从太阳光下得到的额外能量作为热能.
This heat, which is a longer wavelength, cannot pass back through the glass, so it acts like a blanket, raising the temperature and humidity of the greenhouse to ideal growing conditions.
这种高温是较长的波长,不能从玻璃上回流出,所以它起到被子的作用,将温室的温度和湿度提升到理想的生长条件.
Finding a Good Location Before picking up the tools and supplies to build a greenhouse, you must find the best location in your house or yard.
寻找好位置 在取出建造温室的工具和用品之前,你必须找到自己家或院子里最好的地点.
The greenhouse you will build using this book works best inside your house, but many greenhouses are separate buildings or are attached to the outside of an existing building.
使用这本书建造的温室 最好在你的房子里, 但许多温室是分开的建筑, 或者是附属于一个现存建筑的外部。
When choosing a location inside, there are three major factors to consider: sunlight, heat, and ease of use.
在选择内部位置时,有三个主要因素需要考虑:阳光,高温和易用.
First, you should ideally find a window that faces south or southeast to give your greenhouse maximum sunlight.
首先,你最好找到一个窗口, 面对南面或东南面, 给你的温室最大阳光。
If that’s not possible, find an east-facing window for at least morning sunlight so that photosynthesis can begin and continue throughout the day.
若无法做到这一点, 请寻找一个至少早起阳光的东向窗口, 以便光合作用开始并持续一整天。
Second, the window you choose should be away from furnace vents or other heat sources, as your greenhouse will be warm enough with the right amount of sunlight.
第二,你选择的窗户应该远离高炉口或其他热源,因为你的温室会有足够的阳光。
Third, you should put your greenhouse in a place where you can easily check on your plants but where it will not be disturbed by other daily activities.
第三,你应该把温室放在一个你可以很容易地检查你的植物的地方,但不会被其他日常活动所干扰.
How a Works sunlight HEAT Heat radiates from all surfaces in a greenhouse.
如何工作阳光热辐射 从温室的所有表面。
Building a Cardboard Box Greenhouse Many greenhouse designs can be constructed over a weekend at a fairly low cost.
建造纸板盒温室 许多温室设计可以在周末以相当低的成本建造.
Some are simple, while others are complex.
有些很简单,而有些则很复杂。
All of them require patience, focus, and a willingness to have fun.
他们都需要耐心、专注和乐趣。
The following greenhouse is a bit unconventional.
下面的温室有点不合常规
It’s smaller—in the space of a cardboard box— than the average greenhouse and can be enjoyable to make with a parent or family member as a weekend project.
与普通温室相比,
Choosing a Greenhouse Location Outside When choosing a location outside, consider three factors: 1.
选择温室 地点 在选择外部位置时,考虑三个因素: 1. 联合国
Sunlight: Spend a day observing the shade created in your yard before placing your greenhouse.
阳光:在放置温室之前,花一天时间观察你院子里所创造的遮荫.
The greenhouse should receive as much sunlight as possible throughout the day.
温室应尽量得到日出.
Choose a spot with natural drainage or a place that is on higher ground so that rainwater can drain properly.
选择有自然排水的地方或地上高的地方,以便雨水能正常排出.
receives plenty of light in the winter.
冬天会有很多光线
Construction 1 Use the ruler and pencil to measure and mark 4 inches (10 cm) up from the bottom of the cardboard box along the 12-inch (30 cm) side.
建筑业 1 使用标尺和铅笔从纸板盒下方沿12英寸(30厘米)侧向上测量并标出4英寸(10厘米).
Make a couple of marks.
作数个印相.
Draw a straight line across the box at the 4-inch (10 cm) marks you made, being sure to draw the line about an inch or two (2.
以4英寸(10厘米)的标记画出横跨盒子的正线,确保画出一英寸或两英寸(2分)的线.
5-5 cm) around the corners to each long side of the box.
5~5厘米)绕起角向箱口的每个长相.
have drawn.
已经绘制。
box at a time.
框中一个框。
the box.
那个盒子
the tape.
带子。
of your plants.
你的植物。
Pour a layer of potting soil on top of the stones or rocks to fill the pot within one inch of the top.
将一层陶土倒入地上石或石上以入地上一寸以入地入地.
directions on the package.
包裹的方向。
If you plant different types of seeds, be sure that each requires the same amount of sunlight and water.
如果栽种出不同种类的种子,请确保每种种子都需要同样多的阳光和水.
It will be difficult to maintain different growing conditions inside your greenhouse box.
在你的温室里很难维持不同的生长条件
sprout.
发芽.
Tips for Greenhouse Care Check on your greenhouse about once a week.
每周一次温室检查的提示
Be sure the soil inside your greenhouse stays moist, but not wet.
保证温室里的土壤保持湿润,但不湿润。
After the initial watering of your seeds, use a spray bottle of distilled water (water that has been left out overnight in a container with no lid) to keep your plants watered.
种子被初步取出后,使用一瓶喷出蒸馏水(在容器中隔夜被漏出而无盖子的水)来保持植物的取水.
You may notice some water form on the inside of the plastic cover.
你可以在塑料封面的内侧看到一些水状.
This is normal, but make sure the soil is not too wet.
这是正常的,但要确保土壤不会太湿.
If the soil does become too wet, pull back the plastic sheet so the greenhouse can dry out some before re-covering the box.
如果土壤变得太湿了,就把塑料板取回,让温室在重新取出盒子之前干出一些.
After your seeds have germinated, weed out the weakest plants.
在你的种子发芽后 将最弱的植物除去
Leave only the strongest plants in the small space of the greenhouse.
仅留下温室小空间最强的植物.
You can make the strong plants stronger by feeding them plant food or compost after weeding out the weaker plants.
将较弱的植物除去后,通过给它们喂食植物食物或堆肥,可以使强壮的植物更坚固.
Do this only if the plants will later be moving to a garden outside.
只有当植物后来搬到外面的花园时 才会这么做
Plant food and compost will likely make the plants outgrow your indoor greenhouse too quickly if you want them to remain indoors during their whole growing cycle.
植物食物和堆肥 可能会使植物在你的室内温室中生长过快 如果你希望它们在整个生长周期中保持室内状态
Conclusion You now have a place in which you can enjoy gardening year-round like other gardeners around the globe.
结论 你现在有一个地方,你可以享受全年的园艺,就像全球其他园丁一样.
You can try growing plants, fruits, vegetables, seedlings, and flowers in your protected cardboard greenhouse, even when there is snow outside.
你可以尝试种植植物,水果,蔬菜,幼苗, 和花朵在被保护的纸板温室, 即使外面有雪。
Maybe you’ll be able to keep cucumbers growing in the heart of winter.
或许你可以让黄瓜在冬季中心生长。
Glossary botany (n.)
词汇植物学 (n.
the study of plants (p.
植物研究(p.
6) classify (v.)
6) 分类(五.
to assign things or people to categories (p.
来分配物品或人员到类别(p.
7) climate (n.)
(7) 气候(不详)
the weather conditions in an area over a long period of time (p.
一个地区的长期天气条件(p.
6) conditions (n.)
6)条件(n.
a set of circumstances necessary for something else to happen (p.
一系列发生其他事情所必需的情况(p.
4) germinate (v.)
4)发芽(五.
to begin to grow from a seed (p.
从种子开始生长(p.
5) greenhouse (n.)
(5)温室 (n.
a structure often made from glass or plastic that is used to grow plants that need heat, light, and protection from harsh weather (p.
一种常由玻璃或塑料制成的结构,用来生长需要取热,取光并保护免受恶劣天气(p.
5) hobbies (n.)
5) 爱好 (n.
activities done for fun and relaxation (p.
为娱乐和放松而开展的活动(第3页)
4) humidity (n.)
4)湿度(n.
the amount of moisture in the air (p.
空气中的湿度(p.
5) photosynthesis (n.)
5) 光合作用 (n.
the process by which chlorophyll in plant cells transforms sunlight and nutrients into food (p.
植物细胞中的叶绿素将阳光和营养物质转化为食物的过程(p.
9) wavelengths (n.)
9)波长 (n.
the distances between consecutive peaks or troughs of a wave (p.
波的相接峰或槽之间的相距(p.
9) Keep the Outside Dry!
9)保持"外干"号!
Check the cardboard box every so often to make sure the outside remains dry.
经常检查纸板盒,以确保外表保持干燥.
If you notice any water on the outside (including the bottom), you might have to replant your greenhouse in another box.
如果你注意到外面(包括底部)有任何水,你可能不得不将温室重新植入另一个盒子.