All About Chocolate
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Where Chocolate Comes From.
4巧克力从哪里来。
5 Preparing the Beans.
5 准备豆子。
8 From Beans to Chocolate.
8 从豆子到巧克力。
12 History of Chocolate.
12 巧克力历史.
16 Chocolate Today.
16个巧克力今天。
20 Try This!
20 试试这个!
22 Conclusion.
22 结论。
23 Glossary.
23 词汇表。
24 Index.
24 指数。
24 Introduction Ask people about their favorite sweet thing to eat, and they’ll probably say it’s chocolate.
导言 他们可能会说这是巧克力。
People around the world love chocolate.
全世界的人都喜欢巧克力
They love it so much that every year they eat more chocolate than any other sweet.
他们非常喜欢它,以至于每年都会吃比其他甜的多的巧克力.
If you have ever wondered where chocolate comes from and how it’s made, then read on.
如果你曾怀疑巧克力来自何处,
Where Chocolate Comes From It might surprise you to learn that chocolate actually grows on trees.
巧克力从哪里来 可能让你惊讶的是 巧克力真的长在树上
That doesn’t mean that you can pick a chunk of chocolate from a tree branch and eat it.
这并不意味着你可以从树枝上取出一块巧克力来吃。
In fact, the chocolate growing on trees looks, tastes, and smells nothing like the chocolate you eat.
事实上,树上生长的巧克力看起来,味道,闻起来都不像你吃的巧克力.
The tree that gives us chocolate is the cacao (kah-KOW) tree.
给我们巧克力的树是可可(kah-KOW)树.
It is an evergreen tree that can grow to be over 40 feet (12.
它是一种常绿树,能长出超过40英尺(12英尺).
2 meters) tall.
2米)高.
Chocolate comes from beans that are found in large pods on the tree.
巧克力出自于树上出土的大型豆子.
Cacao trees grow where it is hot and wet.
卡考树生长在炎热湿润的地方.
Mostly, they grow near the equator.
主要生长于赤道附近.
When young, these trees need protection from the wind and sun.
年轻时,这些树需要被风和太阳所保护.
But as they grow older, they can grow in full sunlight.
但随着年龄的增长,它们可以在全日照下生长.
The cacao tree originated in the Amazon River region of South America.
可可树发源于南美洲亚马逊河地区.
Through the course of history, the tree spread to other parts of South America, Central America, and Mexico.
通过历史过程,这棵树向南美洲,中美洲和墨西哥其他地区传播.
It was also introduced to other parts of the world, including Africa, in 1870.
它也于1870年被引入到世界其他地区,包括非洲.
Today, more than two thirds of the cacao in the world comes from western Africa.
今天,世界上有三分之二以上的可可来自西非.
Brazil is the next largest producer.
巴西是第二大生产国。
Today, most cacao trees are grown on farms called plantations.
如今,大多数可可树都种植在被称作种植园的农场上.
It takes four to five years before a cacao tree begins to grow pods.
可可树要花4到5年 才能开始生长出树干
Cacao trees have large, smooth, shiny green leaves that stay on the tree year-round.
卡考树有大,光滑,闪亮的绿叶,常年留在树上.
They have lots of small white or yellow flowers that bloom during the year.
它们有许多小白花或黄花花在年内开花.
The flowers give off a bad smell that attracts flies to pollinate the plants.
花会发出一股恶臭 吸引苍蝇去给植物授粉
Some of the flowers change into pods, but most do not.
有的花会变成花被,但大多数不会.
Only about one out of every ten or twenty flowers will become a pod.
每十到二十朵花中只有一朵会变成花
The shaded areas of the map show where cacao trees grow close to the equator, where it is hot.
地图上被遮蔽的地区显示出可可树生长于赤道附近,发热地.
Cacao trees grow in the wild, as well as on plantations.
卡考树生长于野外以及种植园.
The pods are shaped like little footballs.
吊舱形状像小橄榄球.
They grow on the trunk and larger branches of the tree throughout the year.
它们全年生长在树干上和更大的树枝上.
Workers trim the branches to make sure that they get the most pods possible from the trees.
工人修剪树枝,确保从树上得到尽可能多的树皮.
The pods are green when they first form, but they change to a golden or reddish color as they get ripe.
舱口初成形时为绿色,但随着熟后会变为金色或红色.
The pods are picked when they are ripe or mature.
舱口熟或成熟后取出.
Since cacao tree roots grow close to the surface and are easily damaged, workers have to be careful not to step on the tree’s roots when they remove the pods.
由于可可树根生长在地表附近并容易被破坏,工人在取出树干时必须注意不要踩到树根上.
Preparing the Beans Taking the pods from the cacao trees is the first step in making chocolate.
准备豆子 从可可树上取出豆子 是制作巧克力的第一步
It’s not the pods that are important—it’s the 20 to 50 beans found inside the pods, which are actually the tree’s seeds.
并不是树的种子。
It takes a lot of beans and a lot of work to make a kilogram (2 lbs) of chocolate.
制作一公斤(2磅)巧克力需要大量豆子和大量工作.
About 800 beans, removed from 20 to 40 pods, are needed.
需要大约800个豆子,从20个到40个豆子取出。
First, the pods are gathered, and then someone using a large blade called a machete (mah-SHET-ee) cuts each pod open with one or two forceful whacks.
首先,吊舱被收集起来,然后有人使用一个叫"砍刀"(mah-SHET-ee)的大刀片将每个吊舱切开一两个强击.
A skilled pod breaker can break open as many as 500 pods in a single hour.
熟练的破舱器可以在一小时内破开多达500个破舱.
A harvester cracks open cacao pods to get at the seeds.
收割机会裂开出出出产的可可花被子.
These pods contain the beans that will be used to make chocolate.
这些豆子中含有用来做巧克力的豆子.
The beans are then scooped out of the open pod.
豆子从开放舱里取出
The beans are not brown, as you might expect.
豆子不是棕色的,你可能会期望。
Instead, they are cream colored and covered with a soft pulp.
取而代之的是奶油色并被软纸浆所覆盖.
These beans are a long way from being the chocolate you know.
这些豆子远不是巧克力
The pulp-covered beans are put into piles or boxes and covered.
被纸浆覆盖的豆子被放入堆或箱并被覆盖.
As the beans come in contact with the air, they begin to change from a cream color to a purple color.
随着豆子与空气相接,它们开始从奶油色变为了紫色.
The beans also change on the inside in a process called fermentation.
豆子在一种叫做发酵的过程中也会在内部变化.
Fermentation can take more than a week, but the fermented beans still do not taste or smell like chocolate.
发酵可能需要一周多的时间,但发酵后出产的豆子仍然没有巧克力的味道或味道.
A worker spreads the cacao beans so they can dry and then begin the fermentation process.
工人将可可豆放出后可以干燥并开始发酵过程.
This is what the inside of a cacao tree pod looks like.
这是可可树舱的内在外表
After the beans have fermented, they are dried.
豆子发酵后再干.
The beans are either dried outdoors by spreading the beans on large mats in the sun, or they are taken indoors and dried by hot, dry air blown from pipes.
豆子要么是外出干燥,将豆子放入阳光下的大垫地上,要么是被室内取出并被从管子上吹出的热干空气所干.
As they dry, the beans are turned.
干时取出豆子作转相.
Once the beans are dry, they are placed in large cloth bags and shipped to makers of chocolate.
豆子干后被放入大布袋并被运往巧克力生产商.
From Beans to Chocolate Making chocolate from the fermented, dried beans is a very long and complicated process.
从豆子到巧克力 从发酵后制作出巧克力,干豆是一个非常漫长而复杂的过程.
First, the beans need to be cleaned, removing any remaining pulp or pieces of the pods.
首先需要清理出豆子,取出所剩出的任何纸浆或被放入的豆子.
Then, chocolate makers blend different varieties of beans to make sure the chocolate has just the right flavor.
然后,巧克力制造者混合了不同品种的豆子,以确保巧克力有正确的口味.
The cleaned and blended beans are roasted in order to bring out the chocolate flavor.
被清洗和混合的豆子被烤焦,以取出巧克力口味.
This is the stage when the beans begin to smell like chocolate.
这就是豆子开始闻到巧克力味的舞台.
As the beans are roasted, the thin shell that covers them grows brittle.
豆子被烤熟后 覆盖的薄壳会变得脆脆
The beans pass through a special machine that cracks their shells and blows away the pieces of shell with fans.
豆子通过一款特殊机器来裂开外壳并用扇子将外壳碎片吹走.
Workers spread cacao beans to dry in the sun.
工人将可可豆传播到阳光下干燥.
Beans roast in giant drums at a candy factory.
豆子在糖果厂被大桶烤了
After the shells are removed, only the meaty part of the bean, called the nib, remains.
取出贝壳后,仅存取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取
The nibs are ground up and crushed until they become a liquid.
b被打倒并被打碎,直到变成液体.
The liquid is poured into molds where it cools into bars of bitter, unsweetened chocolate.
液体被倒入模具中,在其中冷却为苦味,无甜味的巧克力棒.
The bars are then pressed until the most important part of the chocolate, a yellow liquid called cocoa butter, is removed.
然后按下杆子,直到巧克力中最重要的一部份被取出,一种叫可可黄油的黄色液体.
The cocoa butter drains through a screen and is collected to make the chocolate we eat.
可可黄油通过屏幕排出,被收集来制造出我们吃的巧克力.
After the liquid cocoa butter is removed, the solid part of the bar is ground into a powder.
液态可可黄油取出后,棒状固体部分被地制成粉末.
Cocoa powder is sent to dairies and bakeries to flavor baked goods and dairy products.
可可粉被送到乳房和面包店去取出口味的烤货和奶制品.
The chocolate we eat is made in the final step, called conching (KONCH-ing).
我们吃的巧克力是最后一步做的,叫做"接"(KONCH-ing).
Conching takes place in machines with big rollers.
相接是用大滚筒的机器进行的。
A mixture of sugar, cocoa powder, cocoa butter, and other ingredients, such as milk and vanilla, is placed in the machines and then rolled and mixed until smooth.
将糖、可可粉、可可黄油和其他成分,如牛奶和香草等混合放入机器,然后滚动并混合到平滑状态。
The smooth mixture is poured into molds and cooled.
平滑的混合物被倒入模具并冷却.
After it has cooled and solidified, the chocolate is removed from the molds and wrapped in packages for shipping.
在冷却和固化后,从模具上取出巧克力并用包裹包裹来运输.
Another popular form of chocolate is white chocolate.
另一种流行的巧克力是白巧克力.
White chocolate is made by mixing sugar and milk solids directly with cocoa butter.
白巧克力由将糖和牛奶固体直接与可可黄油相混合而成.
Word Origins Cacao or Cocoa?
卡考还是可可?
When the products of the cacao tree made their way to English-speaking countries, the Spanish word cacao became the English word cocoa.
可可树的产品通向英语国家后,西班牙语"cacao"一词就成为了英语"可可"一词.
Writers and speakers of English today still use the word cacao when discussing the tree and its flowers, pods, and beans.
今天的英语作家和演讲者在讨论树及其花朵,花被和豆子时仍然使用"可可"一词.
People usually use the word cocoa when discussing the many products that come from the beans.
人们通常在讨论出自豆类的许多出产产品时会使用"可可"一词.
History of Chocolate As near as historians can tell, people living in Mexico and Central America were using chocolate almost 2,000 years ago.
巧克力的历史 正如历史学家所知, 生活在墨西哥和中美洲的人 几乎在两千年前使用巧克力。
These people enjoyed a drink called xocoatl (shoh-coh-WAH-tuhl) made from roasted chocolate beans.
这些人享受由烤巧克力豆制成的叫"xocoatl"(shoh-coh-WAH-tuhl)的饮料.
But if you were to try this drink today, you’ d find that it tastes much different than the chocolate drinks you enjoy.
但是,如果你今天尝试这种饮料,你会发现它味道和你喜欢的巧克力饮料大相径庭。
In fact, it was a very bitter-tasting drink—kind of like coffee.
事实上,它是一种非常苦味的饮料,类似于咖啡。
When Christopher Columbus returned from his fourth trip to the New World, he brought some cacao beans to show to the king and queen of Spain.
当克里斯多弗·哥伦布第四次出行新世界后,他带了些可可豆来给西班牙国王和女王看.
Europeans did not know what to do with the beans, so they mostly ignored them.
欧洲人不知道该怎么处理这些豆子,所以他们大多忽略了.
They were more interested in spices and other things Columbus brought back.
他们对香料和其他哥伦布带回来的东西更感兴趣.
New World that Europeans began to see that there was value in cacao beans.
欧洲人开始看到可可豆有价值的新世界。
The great Aztec ruler Montezuma had served Cortes a drink made from cacao beans.
伟大的阿兹特克统治者蒙特祖马曾为克特斯提供由可可豆制成的饮料.
The Aztecs told Cortes that it was the drink of the gods.
阿兹特克人告诉克特斯这是神的饮料.
They believed that cacao beans gave them added wisdom and strength.
他们相信可可豆给了他们更多的智慧和力量.
They placed so much value on cacao beans that they used the beans as a form of money.
他们把很多价值放在可可豆上,把豆子当作金钱来使用.
Cortes saw much more value in the beans as money than as a drink.
科特斯认为在豆子中作为钱的价值远大于作为饮料的价值.
He planted cacao trees so that he could use the beans, not for chocolate, but as money.
他种植了可可树,这样他就可以用到豆子,而不是巧克力,而是作为钱.
It was his way of growing money on trees.
这是他在树上赚钱的方法
Cortes brought back knowledge of how to make the chocolate drink, but it still was not popular outside the New World.
科特斯带回了如何制作巧克力饮料的知识,但是在"新世界"之外仍然不受欢迎.
Eventually, the Spanish began mixing sugar with the drink, along with cinnamon and vanilla, and serving it hot.
最终,西班牙人开始将糖与饮料相混合,并伴有肉桂和香草,为它提供热味.
The drink soon became very popular among the nobility and the very wealthy.
酒很快在贵族和非常富有的人中变得非常受欢迎.
The Spanish valued chocolate so much that they kept the knowledge of how to make it secret from the rest of Europe for almost one hundred years.
西班牙人如此珍视巧克力,以至于他们保留了近一百年来如何从欧洲其他地区秘密化巧克力的知识.
The Spanish created many plantations of cacao trees in their colonies in South and Central America to ensure a plentiful source of the beans.
西班牙人在其南美洲和中美洲的殖民地上建立了许多可可树种植园,以确保豆子的丰收.
During this time, countries at war with Spain would sometimes capture Spanish ships full of cacao beans and would destroy the cargo as worthless because they had no idea what the beans were used for.
在此期间,与西班牙开战的国家有时会捕获装满可可豆的西班牙船只,并会将货物作为无价值物品销毁,因为他们不知道这些豆是用来做什么的.
It is widely rumored that Spanish monks were the ones who finally shared the secret of how chocolate was made with other Europeans, changing the world forever.
人们普遍认为,西班牙僧侣最终与其他欧洲人分享了巧克力制作方式的秘密,永远地改变了世界.
Until the 1600s and 1700s, chocolate was a luxury food for royalty and powerful church officials.
直到1600年代和1700年代,巧克力是皇室和有势力的教会官员的奢侈食品.
During the 1600s, people began grinding large amounts of cacao beans in mills, producing much more chocolate and lowering the cost.
1600年代,人们开始在磨坊中磨出大量可可豆,生产出多得多的巧克力并降低成本.
The invention of smooth milk chocolate also increased the treat’s popularity.
光滑的牛奶巧克力的发明也增加了受欢迎的口味。
The first chocolate shop in London, England, was opened in 1657.
英国伦敦第一家巧克力店于1657年开业.
In the 1700s, a steam-driven chocolate grinder was invented, allowing factories to quickly make tons of affordable chocolate.
在1700年代,发明了蒸汽驱动的巧克力磨坊,使工厂能迅速制造出吨能负担得起的巧克力.
Today, chocolate is a favorite and affordable treat in many countries.
今天,巧克力是许多国家最喜爱和负担得起的治疗。
Chocolate is enjoyed with gusto by people of all ages.
巧克力是所有年龄的人享受的
Chocolate Today Most of the chocolate made in factories today is used to make chocolate candy.
今天是巧克力节 今天工厂所制造的巧克力多用于做巧克力糖果.
Other chocolate goes into ice cream, chocolate drinks, and baked goods such as cakes and doughnuts.
其他巧克力会进入冰激凌,巧克力饮料,以及蛋糕和甜甜圈等烘焙商品.
Even a sauce called mole (MOLE-ay), used in Mexican cooking, is made from chocolate.
甚至一种叫"摩尔"(MOLE-ay)的酱油也用于墨西哥烹饪,由巧克力制成.
The first use of chocolate by people in Mexico and Central America Chocolate used as money by people of Mexico and Central America Columbus brings cacao beans back to Europe Hernan Cortes brings cacao beans and knowledge of how to make a chocolate drink to Spain A Frenchman opens the first chocolate shop in London, England Cocoa press is invented First solid chocolate bar is sold A man in Switzerland makes and sells the first milk chocolate Milton Hershey establishes Hershey Chocolate Company Invention of a method for making chocolates filled with other sweets World consumes over 3,000,000 metric tons of cacao beans History of Chocolate Do You Know?
墨西哥和中美洲人首次使用巧克力 哥伦布将可可豆带回欧洲 赫尔南·克特斯将可可豆带回欧洲 并知道如何给西班牙做巧克力饮料 世界消费了300万多公吨可可豆 巧克力史,你知道吗?
Recent medical studies show that there are definite medical benefits in eating chocolate.
最近的医学研究表明,吃巧克力有明确的医学好处.
The benefits are linked to dark chocolate, rather than milk chocolate.
好处与暗巧克力有关,而不是牛奶巧克力.
Some of the medical benefits include a reduction in heart disease and blood pressure.
一些医疗福利包括减少心脏病和血压。
Some specialty shops sell only chocolate treats.
一些特产店只售出巧克力的外卖.
Each year people around the world consume tons of chocolate.
每年全世界人们都会消耗一吨巧克力.
The people of Switzerland consume more chocolate per person than anyone else in the world.
瑞士人民每人消费的巧克力比世界上任何人都多.
They are joined in their love of chocolate by people in many other European countries.
他们被其他许多欧洲国家的人加入到对巧克力的热爱中去.
The table below shows chocolate consumption in the top ten chocolate-consuming countries.
下表列出十大巧克力消费国巧克力消费.
YUGOSLAVIA ALBANIA MOLDOVA LITHUANIA LATVIA ESTONIA LUX.
尤戈斯拉维亚·阿尔巴尼亚·莫尔多瓦·利图阿尼亚·拉蒂维亚·埃斯通尼亚·卢克.
CROATIA SLOVENIA SWITZERLAND MACEDONIA ICELAND ALGERIA LIBYA EGYPT SAUDI ARABIA TUNISIA MOROCCO JORDAN ISRAEL LEBANON ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN GEORGIA SYRIA IRAQ RUSSIA UNITED KINGDOM MALTA BOSNIA and HERZ.
克罗塔西亚·斯维特泽尔兰·马塞多尼亚 冰地岛 利比亚埃及 萨乌迪 阿拉伯 突尼西亚 摩拉维亚 约尔丹·伊莱尔·莱班 亚塞拜然·亚塞拜然·乔治亚·西里雅·伊拉克 俄罗斯 联合王国 摩尔达·波斯和赫尔兹
FINLAND AUSTRIA ITALY SPAIN SWEDEN NORWAY GERMANY FRANCE PORTUGAL HUNGARY ROMANIA BULGARIA TURKEY DENMARK POLAND BELARUS UKRAINE CZECH SLOVAKIA GREECE CYPRUS NORTH CYPRUS NETH.
芬蘭奧地利 斯瓦克克·斯洛瓦基亞克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克
BELGIUM IRELAND AUSTRALIA Top Chocolate-Consuming Countries on a Per-Person, Per-Year Basis Yummy Chocolate Brownies Make sure you have an adult to help you do with any cutting or handling of hot foods.
比利时 爱尔兰 以人为单位、以年为单位的巧克力消费大国 确保你有一个成年人来帮助你 任何切割或处理热食品。
over a 9x13-inch (15-cup) baking pan.
超过9x13英寸(15克普)烘焙锅。
stirring the mixture until smooth.
搅拌混合物直到平滑。
is completely wet.
完全湿了
it evenly.
都一样
to pull away from the sides of the pan.
从锅边拉开
them.
他们。
Makes 12 brownies.
做了12个蛋糕
Try This!
试试这个!
Conclusion It took a long time for chocolate to become popular outside the regions of Central and South America where cacao trees were first grown and used.
结论 巧克力在中美洲和南美洲地区以外开始种植并使用可可树,需要很长一段时间才能流行.
Over the years, people added things such as sugar and milk to the long and complicated process of making chocolate from cacao beans.
多年来,人们在从可可豆制出巧克力的漫长而复杂的过程中加入了糖和牛奶等东西.
Today, people around the world eat millions of kilograms of chocolate, making it the world’s most popular sweet.
今天,世界各地的人吃上百万公斤的巧克力,使其成为世界上最受欢迎的甜品。
Glossary cacao (n.)
词汇cacao (n.)
the tree from which we get chocolate (p.
我们从那里得到巧克力的树(p.
5) conching the process of smoothing a chocolate mixture (p.
5) 平滑巧克力混合物的过程(p.
14) consume (v.)
14)消费(五.
to eat or buy (p.
用于进食或购买(p.
21) fermentation (n.)
21)发酵 (n.
a natural changing process that occurs in many foods and plants (p.
许多食物和植物(p.
10) ingredients (n.)
10)成分 (n.)
the different food items that go into a dish or recipe (p.
进入菜肴或食谱的不同食品(p.
14) machete (n.)
14) 大砍刀 (n.
a long, thick knife (p.
长而厚的刀(p.
8) mills (n.)
8) 磨坊 (n.
machines that use animal, wind, or steam power to grind things (p.
使用动物,风能,或蒸汽能来磨东西的机器(p.
18) mole (n.)
18) 摩尔 (n.
a spicy Mexican sauce made with chile and strong chocolate (p.
墨西哥辣酱用辣椒和强力巧克力(p.
20) plantations (n.)
20) 种植园 (n.
large farms with many workers (p.
拥有许多工人的大型农场(p.
6) The next time you eat chocolate, think about how it was made.
6)下一次吃巧克力时,考虑一下如何制作.