of Anime
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Art for All.
4"全民艺术".
5 From Curious Sketches to Comics.
5 从好奇斯克特斯到漫画.
7 Cartoons Spring to Life.
7漫画"春去生去".
8 The Sorrows and Lessons of War.
8"忧伤与战争教训".
12 Anime Today.
12 Anime Today. (英语).
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
16 Introduction Long before words existed, there were pictures.
16 早在文字存在之前,就有图片。
Early people used art to tell stories and share information.
早期人们使用艺术来讲述故事并分享信息.
From ancient cave paintings to stone carvings, the images showed how the artists saw the world around them.
从古代的洞穴绘画到石刻,图像展示了艺术家们如何看待周围的世界.
As time passed, languages developed.
随着时间的流逝,语言得到发展.
Symbols and words were used to share ideas.
符号和文字被用来分享想法。
Art, however, continued to be an important part of storytelling.
然而,艺术仍然是讲故事的一个重要部分。
That is still true today.
今天情况依然如此。
Stories are told not just with still drawings, but also with animated figures in cartoons and video games.
故事不仅有静态的图画,还有动画片和电子游戏中的人物。
One type of storytelling art comes from the Asian island nation of Japan.
一种讲故事艺术出自于日本的亚洲岛国.
Known as anime, it has become popular worldwide.
被称为"动漫",已在全世界流行.
The cave paintings (main) in Lascaux, France, and clay tablets (inset) from Mesopotamia tell ancient stories.
法国拉斯科的洞穴绘画(主作)和美索不达米亚出土的粘土平板(收录)讲述了古代的故事.
Art for All The history of anime began more than two hundred years ago.
全民艺术 动漫的历史始于200多年前.
Before the nineteenth century, most Japanese artwork was done on large scrolls.
在19世纪之前,大多数日本的艺术品都是用大卷轴作的.
The careful attention needed to make scroll art took time and drove up the cost.
制作卷轴艺术需要小心谨慎,这需要时间和成本。
Only wealthy people in Japan could afford scroll art.
只有日本的富人才能买得起卷轴艺术.
Colored woodblock prints required a different block for each color.
彩色木块打印需要每个颜色不同的块.
Some prints had twenty different blocks for one complete image.
一些指纹有20个不同的块 一个完整的图像。
The term manga is a combination of two Japanese words— man, meaning “curious,” and ga, meaning “sketches”—that together are the equivalent of the English word cartoon.
漫画一词由两个日语词——人,意为 " 好奇 " 和 " ga " ,意为 " sketches " ——合并而来,相当于英语单词 " 卡通 " 。
It was first used by the artist Katsushika Hokusai to describe his own comical sketchbook drawings.
它最早被艺术家克佐希卡·浩克赛(Katsushika Hokusai)用来描述他自己的漫画草图画.
W W In 1814, a new art form called manga appeared.
W W 在1814年,一种叫"漫画"的新艺术形式出现.
Manga sketches were drawn by hand on paper.
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A famous artist used manga sketches to teach his students.
一位出名的艺术家用漫画素描来教导他的学生.
Students shared their sketches, and the clever drawings soon caught on with the public.
学生们分享了他们的草图,而聪明的图画很快被公众抓住了.
Manga could be created more quickly and cheaply than scrolls.
漫画可以比卷轴更快更廉价地被创造出.
Art was now available to everyone.
现在人人都有艺术。
One of the most famous pieces of manga art is Hokusai’s illustration of the well-known fable “The Blind Men and the Elephant.”
漫画艺术最出名的一幅是胡克赛所描绘的著名寓言"盲人与象". “
From Curious Sketches to Comics Manga came into its own in the late 1800s.
从"好奇"斯克特切斯到"漫画漫画"在1800年代后期进入了自己的世界.
Japanese ports saw an increase in trade.
日本港口的贸易有所增加。
British and American merchants arrived, bringing newspapers from home.
英美商人到来,从家中带来报纸.
Japanese manga artists studied the cartoon styles in these papers.
日本漫画艺术家研究了这些论文中的卡通风格.
They began to use story panels arranged in a series in their own art.
他们开始在自己的艺术中使用一系列安排的故事板.
Manga characters soon had some of the same expressions seen in Western illustrations.
漫画人物很快也出现了西方插图中的一些同名的表达.
By the turn of the twentieth century, manga appeared in many Japanese newspapers.
到二十世纪之交,漫画在许多日本报纸上出现.
Political cartoons made fun of current events.
政治漫画取笑时事.
Comic strips entertained children and adults with simple, funny stories.
动漫条纹以简单,搞笑的故事来娱乐儿童和成人.
Readers enjoyed these entertaining manga images.
读者喜欢这些娱乐性的漫畫相片.
Manga newspaper comic strips look like their Western counterparts.
漫威报连环画外观与西方同行相仿.
Cartoons Spring to Life The new century brought with it a different type of media—motion pictures.
漫画"春去生去" 新世纪带来了一种不同类型的媒体——运动图片。
Film studios in the United States and other Western nations began making movies.
美国和其他西方国家的电影制片厂开始拍摄电影.
People packed theaters to see this new form of entertainment.
人们打包了剧院 看这种新的娱乐形式。
Motion pictures soon spread to theaters in other countries, including Japan.
动画很快被传播到包括日本在内的其他国家的剧院.
The first movies were short black-and-white silent films.
最早的电影是短篇黑白无声电影.
There was no recorded speech.
没有录音讲话。
Theater musicians played while the film rolled.
剧场音乐家在影片滚动的同时出演.
Words appeared on the screen to explain what was happening and what the characters were saying.
屏幕上出现了文字来解释当时发生的事情和人物们所说的话.
Since they couldn’t be heard, actors had to find other ways to express themselves.
演员必须另找方法表达自己。
Their performances, although silent, were quite dramatic, with wild expressions and actions.
他们的表演虽然沉默了,但相当戏剧化,充满了野生的表达和行动.
Actresses in the 1917 film Patria use overly dramatic gestures to convey their characters’ emotions.
1917年电影"帕特里娅"中的女演员使用过于戏剧性的姿态来表达自己人物的情感.
Cartoonists around the world were fascinated with movies.
世界各地的漫画家都对电影着迷.
Many wanted to make their own films.
许多人想自己拍电影。
American illustrators like Walt Disney and Max Fleischer developed ways to turn still sketches into moving images.
美国插画家如华特·迪士尼和马克斯·弗莱斯彻(Max Fleischer)开发出将仍然草图化为可移动图像的方法.
Soon, popular comic characters sprang to life on the big screen.
不久后,流行的漫画人物在大银幕上涌现出生命.
Early animated movies ran just a few minutes, and their characters did not speak.
早期动画电影只跑出几分钟,而他们的人物不说话.
Music played and cartoon characters used movement and expressions to tell the story, just as live film actors did.
音乐演奏和卡通人物使用动作和表达来讲述故事,就像电影现场演员一样.
Japanese manga artists soon created animated films of their own.
日本漫畫家很快也自创出动画片.
The bold features of manga characters lent themselves to the dramatic expressions needed to tell stories in silent films.
漫画人物的大胆特征为在默片中讲述故事所需的戏剧性表达提供了借鉴.
These cartoons were called animēshon, based on the English word animation.
这些漫画被称作"动画动画"(animêshon),以英文单词动画为主.
In time, this was shortened to anime.
随着时间的推移,这个被缩短到动能.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Before films and cartoons had sound tracks or recorded dialogue, music in theaters was live.
在电影和漫画有音轨或录制出对话之前,剧场里的音乐是活的.
Sometimes a single person played the piano along with the action on the screen.
有时一个人会和屏幕上的动作一起演奏钢琴.
Sometimes a full orchestra played.
有时一个完整的管弦乐演奏.
The music served two functions.
音乐有两个功能。
The first was to drown out the loud projector noises.
首先是把响亮的投影器噪音淹死.
The second was to keep the audience excited about what it was watching.
第二是让观众对它正在看的东西感到兴奋.
As technology improved, color and sound tracks were added to Western cartoons.
随着技术的改进,西方卡通中也加入了色彩和音轨.
Characters could now speak on film.
角色现在可以讲电影。
In the 1930s, American cartoonists tried to make their human characters look more lifelike.
在20世纪30年代,美国漫画家试图让自己的人物看起来更像生活.
New filming methods made backgrounds seem almost real.
新的拍摄方法让背景看起来几乎真实.
This realistic style was seen in Disney’s first full-length animated movie, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.
这种现实主义风格在迪士尼的第一部全长动画电影"白雪公主"和"七小矮人"中被看到.
Japanese anime soon had sound but did not adopt the realistic look seen in Western cartoons.
日本动画很快就发出声音,
Instead, filmmakers used a technique from full-length Japanese movies—long, still camera shots that suddenly shifted to close-ups.
电影制作人使用日本全长电影的手法,
The quick change created a very dramatic effect.
迅速的变化产生了非常戏剧性的效果.
Anime cartoonists also continued to draw in the black-and-white anime style.
动画家们也继续用黑白动画风格来画画.
Multiplane cameras helped create the appearance of depth in animated films.
多相机相机有助于在动画片中创造出深度的外观.
The Anime Look Anime has a distinct appearance.
动漫"外观"(Anime Look Anime)有着鲜明的外观.
Backgrounds are very detailed, and characters are often high energy, with exaggerated expressions and gestures.
背景非常详细,人物往往能量高,有夸张的表达和手势.
Many anime cartoons show action as viewed from different and extreme angles not used in Western cartoons.
许多动漫展现了从西方漫画中没有使用的不同和极端角度看待的动作.
Anime characters have prominent eyes and brightly colored hair.
动画人物有突出的眼睛和明亮的有色发.
The eyes are especially telling in anime.
眼睛在动画中特别明显
Characters with large eyes are childlike and trustworthy, while smaller eyes, narrowed into a squint, indicate sneakiness.
有大眼睛的字符是幼稚和可信赖的,而较小的眼睛,被收缩成一双相片,表示有狡猾之分.
Tiny eyes reveal evil.
细眼出恶相.
A character’s eyes don’t always remain the same shape and size.
角色的眼睛并不总是一样的形状和大小。
When a character is embarrassed, red lines appear across the character’s nose.
当一个角色感到尴尬时,红线会出现在角色的鼻子上.
Scratching the back of the head makes the character seem more embarrassed.
将后脑勺打出后脑勺使得角色显得更尴尬.
Blue lines across the face, narrowed eyes, bulging veins, or drops of sweat show anger.
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Hair in anime has a unique look as well.
动漫中的发型也有独特的外观.
It is often oddly styled and changes shape to convey movement and emotion.
它常常是奇特的风格并改变形状来传达运动和情感.
The Sorrows and Lessons of War One reason anime style did not change was cost.
"战争的悲伤和教训" 动画风格没有改变的原因是成本
New filming techniques were expensive.
新的拍摄技术很昂贵。
Another reason had to do with the start of World War II in 1939.
另一个原因与1939年开始的二战有关.
When the war began, Japanese leaders wanted everyone’s support.
战争开始后,日本领导人想得到大家的支持.
They tried to develop national pride by banning movies and cartoons made in other countries.
他们试图通过禁止其他国家制作的电影和漫画来发展民族自豪.
Artists could only make art that celebrated Japanese values.
艺术家只能制作出颂扬日本价值观的艺术.
Some animators refused to follow these rules and left the country.
一些动画师拒绝遵守这些规则而出道.
Others continued to create and release their art secretly.
其他人继续秘密地创作和发行他们的艺术.
If caught, they faced punishment.
如果被抓了,他们就会受到惩罚。
World War II ended terribly for Japan in 1945.
二战结束于1945年对日本来说是可怕的。
The cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were destroyed by two atomic bombs.
广岛和长崎两座城市被两枚原子弹所摧毁.
Hundreds of thousands of lives were lost.
数十万人丧生.
These events had a strong impact on the Japanese people and their art.
这些事件对日本人民及其艺术产生了强烈的影响.
The lighthearted fun of anime was replaced by more serious themes.
动漫的轻心取乐被更严肃的主题所取而代之.
Manga and anime artists used their work to send messages of peace, justice, and freedom.
曼加和动漫艺术家利用自己的作品来传递和平,正义和自由的信息.
Posters such as this one convinced the Japanese people to support their government against Japan’s enemies.
这样的海报说服了日本人民支持他们反对日本敌人的政府.
In time, these messages were delivered using new 1950s technology—television.
及时利用1950年代的新技术——电视——传达了这些讯息。
Through television, anime found a wider audience.
通过电视,动漫找到了更广泛的观众.
Cartoons could now be watched at home.
现在可以在家里看漫画了
One of the most popular anime shows was based on a manga comic book drawn by Osamu Tezuka.
其中最受欢迎的动画剧是取材自由Osamu Tezuka所绘制的漫画.
The main character, Mighty Atom, was a robot boy with rockets for feet.
主角"威力原子"(Mennical Atom)是一个有火箭取脚的机器人男孩.
In the show, he traveled the world, saving it from danger.
在节目中他游历了世界,从危险中拯救了世界.
Mighty Atom became one of the most popular television shows in Japan.
厉害 Atom成为了日本最受欢迎的电视节目之一.
In the 1960s, it became a hit series in the United States as well under the title Astro Boy.
20世纪60年代,它也成为了美国的一个命中系列并被命名为"Astro Boy".
The success of Astro Boy paved the way for other anime cartoon shows.
Astro Boy的成功为其他动漫表演铺平了道路.
Called mecha, the cartoons featured teens and giant robots working to save the world from monsters.
被称为"mecha",漫画以青少年和巨型机器人为主角,致力于从怪物手中拯救世界.
Mazinger Z was a popular mecha that was shown in Japan during the 1970s.
马赞格 Z是20世纪70年代在日本上映的受欢迎的mecha.
Astro Boy premiered on New Year’s Day in 1963.
Astro Boy于1963年元旦首映.
Anime Today Modern anime, like manga, features characters and story lines created for specific audiences.
今天动画 现代动画,同漫画一样,具有为特定受众所创作的人物和故事线的特点.
Shonen—manga made for boys—stars male characters, with plots that include action and comedy.
Shonen-manga为男主角所制作,其中包含动作和喜剧。
The popular shonen Dragon Ball Z was first aired in Japan in 1989.
受欢迎的"龙球Z"于1989年在日本首播.
It continues to be shown on television stations throughout the world.
它继续在世界各地电视台播放。
Shojo—manga made for girls—at first starred female characters with plots that focused on emotions and relationships.
Shojo-manga为女孩所制作,
It soon changed to include more active characters involved in romance and adventure.
它很快被修改为包括了更多活跃的角色参与浪漫和冒险.
The 1990s anime series Sailor Moon by artist Naoko Takeuchi is a classic example of shojo.
1990年代的动画系列"水手"(Sailor Moon)由艺术家竹内直子所创作,是"相克"的经典例子.
It tells the story of a girl who gets special powers.
它讲述了一个女孩获得特殊力量的故事.
She uses them to protect Earth from evil forces.
她利用它们来保护地球免受邪恶势力的伤害.
Dragon Ball Z ran from 1989 to 2003.
龙球 Z从1989年跑到2003年.
The Sailor Moon character is used in at least three films and thirty-nine video games.
帆船月球角色至少被用在了三部电影和三十九部电子游戏中.
In the 1980s and 1990s, Japanese studios began to make anime films.
1980年代和1990年代,日本制片厂开始拍摄动画片.
Many became hits around the world.
许多人成为全世界的受打击者。
In 1984, Hayao Miyazaki released Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, which saw great success.
1984年,宫崎孝男释放了"风之谷"的Nausicaä,后者获得了巨大的成功.
It told the story of a young princess who must save her planet.
它讲述了一个年轻公主必须拯救她星球的故事.
In 2001, the Japanese anime Spirited Away was made.
2001年,出道了日本动漫"精神出走".
It brought the tale of a young girl who enters the spirit world to the big screen.
它将一个进入灵界的少女的故事带到了大屏幕上.
The director, Hayao Miyazaki, received much praise for the film.
导演宫崎早男因这部电影而得到好评.
It eventually won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.
它最终获得了学院奖"最佳动画特长".
Anime is an important part of the latest twenty-first-century media, too.
动漫也是最新21世纪媒体的重要组成部分.
Favorite characters such as Astro Boy, Digimon, and Dragon Ball Z fighters spring to life in video games.
最喜爱的角色有:Astro Boy,Digimon等;而"龙球Z"战斗机在电子游戏中会弹出生命之泉.
Players control the characters’ actions and guide them to complete missions with the push of a button.
玩家控制角色的动作并引导他们用按钮来完成任务.
Just like figures from long ago, the images on the screen act out stories of adventure and daring.
就像很久以前的数字一样 屏幕上的图像 展现出冒险和大胆的故事
The dynamic characters in anime, though, take modern storytelling art to a whole new level.
动画中的活泼人物 将现代故事艺术 带到全新的水平
Spirited Away has earned more than $289 million since its release in 2001.
自2001年发布以来,精神之旅已经赚取了2.89多亿美元。