LEVELED BOOK • UGandhi
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents “Father of India”.
“印度父亲”目录。
4 Early Life.
4"早生" (中文(简体) ).
5 South Africa.
5 南非。
7 A Leader in India.
7 印度领导人。
9 The Salt March.
9"盐行会".
11 Change Begins.
11 变化开始.
13 Death and Legacy.
13"死亡与遗产".
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 “Father of India” With his bald head, thin body, wire-rimmed glasses, and shy nature, Mohandas Gandhi seemed like a kind grandfather.
16 “印度之父 ” , 莫罕达斯·甘地头秃、身体瘦瘦、戴有线圈的眼镜和害羞的天性,似乎是一个善良的祖父。
Within this quiet man, however, was a powerful will.
然而,在这个安静的人内部,是一个强大的意志。
His strong beliefs in fairness, freedom, kindness, and peace carried him through years of struggle—and changed nations.
他对公平、自由、善良与和平的坚定信念使他经历了多年的斗争——并改变了国家。
Even many years after his death, the man who was called “The Father of India” continues to inspire people around the world.
甚至在他去世多年后,被称为“印度之父”的人继续激励全世界人民。
Early Life Gandhi was born into a large Hindu family on October 2, 1869.
早活甘地于1869年10月2日生入一个大型印度教家庭.
Many Hindus, including Gandhi’s family, strongly believe in nonviolence and caring for others, and his mother proved an excellent example.
许多印度教徒,包括甘地的家人,都坚信非暴力并关心他人,他的母亲证明了一个极好的例子.
She prayed daily and would often take care of people who were sick or poor.
她每天祷告,并经常照顾生病或贫穷的人。
His father worked as a local government leader.
他的父亲曾出任地方政府领导人.
He often settled disagreements between the local people and the British, who ruled India.
他经常解决当地人民同统治印度的英国人之间的分歧.
From him, Gandhi would learn to respect others and their beliefs.
从他那里,甘地会学会尊重他人和他们的信仰.
At eighteen, Gandhi sailed to England to study law.
18岁,甘地出海去英国学习法律.
While attending school in London, he began to study different religions and their texts.
在伦敦上学期间,他开始学习不同的宗教及其文字.
He learned about the Bible and the Bhagavad Gita, a sacred Hindu poem.
他得知了"圣经"和"Bhagavad Gita",这是一首神圣的印度教诗.
After a few years, Gandhi earned his law degree and returned to India.
几年后,甘地获得了他的法律学位并回到了印度.
Still very shy, he struggled to find work.
仍然很害羞,他努力寻找工作。
He eventually took an assignment in South Africa in 1888.
他最终于1888年在南非接过任务.
Gandhi (right) and his older brother Marriage When Gandhi was very young, his parents arranged his marriage.
甘地 (右派)和他哥哥 在甘地很小的时候,他的父母安排了他的婚姻.
This custom was common in India.
这种习俗在印度很常见.
At thirteen, Gandhi married Kasturba, who was the same age.
13岁时,甘地与同龄的卡斯图尔巴结婚.
South Africa In South Africa, which was also ruled by the British, life was very different.
南非 在同样被英国统治的南非,生活大相径庭.
One day while Gandhi traveled by train, a conductor told him he couldn’t sit in the first-class car.
甘地乘坐火车时, 一位指挥员告诉他不能坐一等车。
A well- dressed Gandhi explained that he was traveling on business and had bought a first-class ticket.
一个穿好衣服的甘地解释说,他出差并买了一等票.
None of that mattered, however, because of the color of Gandhi’s skin.
但是,由于甘地的肤色,这些都不重要。
When Gandhi refused to leave, he was thrown off the train.
当甘地拒绝离开时被从火车上扔下.
On another trip, a driver beat Gandhi for refusing to make room for a white passenger.
在另一次出行时,一名司机因拒绝给一名白人乘客腾出空间而殴打了甘地.
These events brought the suffering of Indians in South Africa to Gandhi’s attention.
这些事件引起了甘地的注意,
South Africa had many laws that discriminated against black, coloured (mixed race), and Indian and other Asian peoples.
南非有许多法律歧视黑人、有色人种(混合种族)、印第安人和其他亚洲民族。
Gandhi felt he had to do something.
甘地觉得他必须做点什么
Gandhi stayed in South Africa when the government tried to pass a law that denied Indians the right to vote.
当政府试图通过一项剥夺印第安人选举权的法律时,甘地留在了南非.
He made speeches, wrote letters, and even tried to file a lawsuit to stop the law from passing.
他发表演说,写信,甚至试图提起诉讼来阻止法律通过.
Although he was not successful, Gandhi’s work brought attention to him as well as to the struggles in South Africa.
尽管他没有成功,甘地的工作也引起了他和南非斗争的注意.
It also began to unite the Indian population under his leadership.
这也开始将印度人民团结在他的领导下.
A few years later, a new law forced every Indian in South Africa to register with the government.
几年后,一部新法律迫使南非的每一个印度人向政府登记.
Gandhi held a protest during which he explained his idea of satyagraha (suh-TYAH- gruh-huh).
甘地举行抗议,期间他解释了自己对satyagraha(suh-TYAH-gruh-huh)的想法.
The word means “holding firmly to the truth.”
这个词的意思是“坚决坚持真理。 “
Gandhi used it to represent his form of nonviolent protest.
甘地用它来代表他的非暴力抗议形式.
He called for Indians in South Africa to disobey the unjust laws and accept the punishments.
他呼吁南非的印第安人违抗不公正的法律并接受惩罚.
Many Indians were beaten or jailed, including Gandhi.
许多印第安人被殴打或监禁,包括甘地.
News of the protests and punishments reached around the world.
世界各地发生的抗议和惩罚事件。
People were shocked.
人们震惊。
They spoke out against the government.
他们公开反对政府。
Eventually the government was forced to compromise with the protesters.
最终政府被迫与抗议者妥协.
Gandhi remained in South Africa for twenty years.
甘地在南非逗留了20年.
He continued to work for better treatment of Indians there.
他继续努力改善那里的印第安人的待遇。
During this time, he stopped wearing western clothes.
在此期间,他不再穿西装.
Instead, he wore the simple homemade robes and sandals for which he would become known.
相反地,他穿着简单的自制长袍和凉鞋,而他将因此而出名。
A Leader in India When Gandhi returned to India in 1915, he was already considered a leader.
1915年甘地回印度后在印度担任领袖,已经被认为是领袖.
He joined the Indian National Congress (INC) and began working to free India from British rule.
他加入了印度国民大会(INC)并开始致力于使印度摆脱英国统治.
Gandhi’s support grew quickly.
甘地的支持迅速增加.
In 1919, the government passed the Rowlatt Acts.
1919年,政府通过了"罗拉特法案".
These acts allowed authorities to arrest and hold people who caused political trouble without a trial.
这些行为使当局得以不经审判而逮捕并拘留造成政治麻烦的人。
Gandhi and his supporters called for a strike.
甘地及其支持者呼吁罢工.
People were to stay home from work and school in protest.
人们要留在家里 下班和上学抗议。
When violence broke out against the British, Gandhi canceled the strike.
当针对英国人的暴力爆发后,甘地取消了罢工.
A few days later, thousands of people gathered in the city of Amritsar in a peaceful, yet illegal, protest.
几天后,数千人聚集在阿姆里萨尔市,进行和平而非法的抗议.
Without warning, the British troops surrounding the protest opened fire.
在没有警告的情况下,包围抗议的英国军队开火.
After ten minutes of shooting, between 400 and 1,500 Indians were dead.
经过十分钟的射击,有400到1500名印第安人丧生.
Many others were wounded.
另有多人受伤.
Up to this point, Gandhi had been trying to work with the British government.
直到现在,甘地一直试图与英国政府合作.
The Amritsar Massacre changed everything.
阿姆利撒大屠杀改变了一切
Soon after, Gandhi called for noncooperation, another form of nonviolent protest.
不久后,甘地呼吁不合作,这是另一种非暴力的抗议形式.
Noncooperation asked Indians to no longer buy British goods or work for British people or companies.
不合作要求印第安人不再购买英国商品或为英国人或公司工作.
It also asked them to quit jobs in the British government and to refuse any British honor.
它还要求他们辞去英国政府的工作并拒绝任何英国荣誉.
While Gandhi’s efforts at noncooperation were somewhat successful, some Indian protestors still resorted to violence.
虽然甘地的不合作努力有些成功,但一些印度抗议者仍然诉诸暴力.
Gandhi was seen as the leader of the protest movement.
甘地被视为抗议运动的领导人.
Because of the violence, he was arrested and sentenced to six years in prison.
由于暴力,他被捕并被处以6年监禁.
He was released after two years and immediately continued his work.
他两年后被释放,并立即继续工作.
Gandhi and Kasturba Although Gandhi and Kasturba did not know each other at first, they grew to support the same ideas.
甘地和卡斯图尔巴 虽然甘地和卡斯图尔巴起初并不相识,但他们逐渐支持同样的思想.
She worked alongside her husband and even stood in for Gandhi while he was imprisoned.
她与她的丈夫一起工作,甚至站在甘地被囚禁期间.
Kasturba and Gandhi had four sons, and their marriage lasted until she died in 1944.
卡斯图尔巴和甘地有四个儿子,他们的婚姻一直持续到她于1944年去世.
The Salt March One of Gandhi’s most successful protests took place in 1930.
盐行会 甘地最成功的抗议活动之一发生在1930年.
In India, only British companies were allowed to produce and sell salt.
在印度,只有英国公司被允许生产和销售盐.
The government also placed a large tax on any salt sold.
政府还对任何出售的盐都征收了巨额税.
Gandhi thought it was unfair for Indians to pay the British for the salt from Indian lands.
甘地认为从印度地取出盐给英国人是不公平的.
On March 12, Gandhi and a few dozen followers began a 21-day, 240-mile (386 km) walk across India to the sea.
3月12日,甘地和数十名追随者开始行走21天240英里(386公里),穿越印度到出海.
Along the way, Gandhi spoke to people and made speeches to large crowds.
一路走来,甘地与人交谈,向广大群众发表演讲.
When he reached the coastal town of Dandi, tens of thousands of Indians were following him.
当他到达了海岸城镇丹地后,数以万计的印第安人跟着他.
Early on the morning of April 6, Gandhi went down to the shore.
4月6日清晨,甘地下岸.
Surrounded by British soldiers, he picked up a grain of salt from the ground.
被英军包围后从地上取出一粒盐来.
His followers did the same.
他的追随者也这样做了。
Gandhi was arrested along with more than 60,000 others.
甘地与其他6万多人一起被捕.
Salt Along India’s coast are large salt flats, where seawater evaporates and leaves salt behind on the ground.
印度海岸一带的盐是大型的盐平地,海水会蒸发并留下地上盐.
Until the government made it illegal, Indians could simply gather and use this salt for free.
在政府将其非法化之前,印第安人可以简单地收集和免费使用这种盐.
When the agreement that ended British rule was signed in 1947, the country was split, against Gandhi’s advice.
当结束英国统治的协议于1947年被签署时,国家分裂了,违背了甘地的建议.
The Muslim people formed the new country of Pakistan.
穆斯林人民组成了新的巴基斯坦国家.
More than ten million people moved from one country to the other.
1 000多万人从一个国家迁移到另一个国家。
There was much fighting, and many people died.
战斗频繁,有许多人被炸死.
Gandhi worked tirelessly.
甘地坚持不懈地工作.
Through discussion and various nonviolent protests, he achieved a number of temporary peace agreements.
通过讨论和各种非暴力抗议,他达成了一些临时和平协议.
No one else was able to do this at the time.
当时没有其他人能够做到这一点。
Change Begins The arrests and treatment of Indians caused anger throughout the world.
更改开始 对印第安人的逮捕和待遇在全世界引起了愤怒.
More and more people spoke out against the government, and finally the British were ready to consider leaving India.
越来越多的人大声疾呼反对政府,最后英国人准备考虑离开印度.
World War II began in 1939, interrupting the process.
二战从1939年开始,中断了这一进程.
When Gandhi and the INC demanded that the British leave India in 1942, they were all arrested.
当甘地和INC在1942年要求英国人离开印度时,他们都被逮捕了.
Violent protests took place all over India.
印度各地都发生了暴力抗议.
In 1945, the war ended.
1945年,战争结束.
British and Indian leaders began to discuss the British leaving India.
英国和印度领导人开始讨论英国人离开印度的问题.
Throughout India’s history, Hindus and Muslims had often been in conflict.
印度历史上,印度教徒和穆斯林经常发生冲突。
Gandhi believed that the people of these two religions could learn to live in peace in a united India.
甘地认为这两个宗教的人民可以学会在一个统一的印度中和平地生活.
The Muslim League, which represented the Islamic people, wanted its own country.
代表伊斯兰人民的穆斯林联盟想要自己的国家。
Fasting Fasting, or going without food, is a regular practice in many religions, including Hinduism.
斋戒(英語:Fasting fasting),或作去去去不吃,是包括印度教在内的许多宗教中的一种常有的做法.
Gandhi often fasted as part of religious practice, and he also used fasting as a political tool.
甘地经常将斋戒作为宗教实践的一部分,他还把斋戒作为政治工具.
In 1947, Gandhi fasted to protest the riots in Calcutta, and they ended.
1947年,甘地斋戒抗议加尔各答的暴动,并告一段落.
He fasted again in 1948 and convinced the people of Delhi to find peace.
1948年他再次斋戒并说服德里人民寻求和平.
Death and Legacy On January 30, 1948, Gandhi was on his way to a prayer meeting.
1948年1月30日,甘地在去参加祈祷会的路上.
He went to the ceremony with his granddaughter and grandniece.
他带着外孙女和外孙去参加仪式.
They helped the aging man walk and climb up onto the stage.
他们帮助这个老人走走并爬上舞台.
About five hundred people were gathered to hear Gandhi’s prayers.
大约500人聚集在一起,听到甘地的祈祷.
A young Hindu man in the crowd opposed Gandhi’s work to make peace with Muslims.
一名印度教青年在人群中反对甘地与穆斯林和平相处.
He came up to the stage, pulled out a gun, and shot Gandhi three times.
他登上舞台,拔出一把枪,并射出甘地三次.
Gandhi’s death saddened people everywhere.
甘地的死令各地人民痛心.
Nearly a half million people were at his funeral.
近50万人参加了他的葬礼.
Despite his death, the influence of this small man, whom Indians called Mahatma, or “Great Soul,” continued to change the world.
尽管他已经去世,印度人称他为 " 马哈特马 " 或 " 大灵魂 " 的这个小人物的影响仍在改变着世界。
His efforts inspired such great leaders as Martin Luther King Jr.
他的努力激励了小马丁·路德·金等伟大领袖.
and Nelson Mandela, and will continue to inspire people for many years to come.
今后许多年将继续激励人们。