Galapagos Wonder
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Location.
4 地点。
5 Geology.
5 地质学.
6 First Contact.
6 第一接触.
7 Darwin’s Visit.
7 达尔文访问.
8 Wildlife.
8野生生物.
9 Plant Life.
9植物生平.
16 Threats to Survival.
16 对生存的威胁。
18 Conclusion.
18 结论。
22 Explore More.
22 探索更多。
23 Glossary.
23 词汇表。
24 Index.
24 指数。
24 Introduction Imagine a place where thousands of black lizards stretch out on lava rocks to soak up the morning sun.
导言 想象一下一个地方,成千上万的黑蜥蜴 在熔岩上伸展出 浸出晨光。
Imagine a place where giant tortoises feed on cactus plants that grow as big as trees.
想象出一个巨大的乌龟以仙人掌植物为食的地方,它们生长得和树木一样大.
Imagine an island on the equator where penguins swim and fur seals rest on coral beaches.
想象一下赤道上的一个岛屿,在那里企鹅会游泳,而毛海豹则会栖息在珊瑚海滩上.
Welcome to the Galapagos Islands.
欢迎来到加拉帕戈斯群岛
These islands have fascinated people since the first visitors arrived in 1535.
这些岛屿自1535年第一批游客到来以来,就吸引了人们.
The volcanic landscapes and exotic wildlife spark our imaginations.
火山地貌和异地野生生物激发了我们的想象力.
Formed from fire, these islands remind us of the raw power of our planet.
这些岛屿由火力所形成,让我们想起地球的原始力量。
And they remind us of rapidly disappearing, unspoiled places where nature remains mostly untouched by development and technology.
它们提醒我们注意迅速消失的、没有被破坏的地方,在那里,自然大多没有受到发展和技术的影响。
Location The Galapagos Islands are located in the Pacific Ocean, about 966 kilometers (600 mi) off the northwestern coast of South America.
加拉帕戈斯群岛位于太平洋,距南美洲西北海岸约966公里(600米).
They lie along the equator and are part of the country of Ecuador.
它们位于赤道一带,是厄瓜多尔的一部分。
There are five major islands and many smaller ones of various sizes.
有5个主要岛屿和许多大小不同的较小岛屿。
The climate of the islands is surprisingly cool for their location on the equator.
这些岛屿的气候在赤道上的位置令人惊讶地很酷。
This is due to the Humboldt current, cold waters that flow north from Antarctica.
这是由于洪堡洋流从南极洲向北流出而来冷水.
The cold waters explain why animals usually found in colder climates, such as penguins and sea lions, can live in the Galapagos.
冷水解释了为什么通常在更寒冷的气候中发现的动物,如企鹅和海狮,可以活在加拉帕戈斯.
Geology The Galapagos Islands were created by volcanic activity, and they continue to be among the most volcanically active islands in the world.
加拉帕戈斯群岛地质学是由火山活动创造的,它们仍然是世界上火山活动最活跃的岛屿之一.
Scientists believe that the islands are located over a “hot spot” beneath the earth’s crust.
科学家认为,这些岛屿位于地壳下的一个 " 热点 " 上。
Hot spots contain more heat than other areas, causing molten lava to rise up through the crust.
热点的热量比其他地区多,导致熔岩从地壳中升起.
Scientists think that each island was formed from solidified lava building up on the sea floor and eventually piling up above the surface of the water.
科学家认为,每个岛屿都是由积聚在海底的固化熔岩所形成的,最终堆积在水面上方.
Isabela Santa Cruz Fernandina Santiago San Cristobal Marchena Pinta Santa María Española Santa Fe Tortuga Genovesa EQUATOR Charles Darwin Research Station NORTH Pinzón Rábida Baltra Island Seymour Norte South America Galapagos Islands The rugged coastline is an attraction of the islands.
伊莎贝拉·桑塔 圣克里斯托瓦尔 马切纳平塔 圣诞老人 玛丽亚 西班牙 圣菲·托尔图加·热诺维萨 查尔斯·达尔文研究站北 Pinzón Rábida Baltra岛 北西摩岛 南美洲加拉帕戈斯群岛 崎岖的海岸线是群岛的取景地.
First Contact The Galapagos Islands were first discovered in 1535 when a ship carrying the bishop of Panama to Peru was blown off course.
第一个联系人 加拉帕戈斯群岛最早发现于1535年,当时一艘载有巴拿马主教到秘鲁的船只被吹出航道.
The bishop recorded his observations of the islands in a letter to the king of Spain.
主教在给西班牙国王的信中记录了自己对群岛的观察.
At that time, there were no humans living on the islands.
当时,岛上没有人类居住.
During the 1700s and 1800s, the Galapagos became a refuge for pirates and whalers because of the islands’ remote location.
在1700年代和1800年代,加拉帕戈斯群岛由于岛屿位置偏远而成为了海盗和捕鲸者的避难所.
Giant tortoises were a favorite food source because they were easy to capture and keep.
巨龟是最喜欢的食物来源,因为它们很容易被捕获和保存.
The numbers of these gentle creatures were reduced from several hundred thousand to about 15,000 by the year 1800.
到1800年,这些温和生物的数量从几十万减少到了约15,000个.
Darwin’s Visit The most famous visitor to the Galapagos Islands was Charles Darwin, a British naturalist who sailed there in 1835.
达尔文的访问 加拉帕戈斯群岛最出名的游客是查尔斯·达尔文(Charles Darwin),他是一个英国的自然主义者,于1835年航行到那里.
He collected many wildlife specimens and wrote detailed accounts of his observations.
他收集了多处野生动物标本,并撰写了详细叙述自己所观测到的情况.
Darwin was fascinated by the amazing diversity, or variety, of life on the islands.
达尔文对岛上的惊人多样性或多样性充满了兴趣。
He noticed that similar species, or kinds, of animals developed different traits on different islands.
他注意到相似的物种,或种类的动物在不同岛屿上发展出不同的特质.
Because of his work, we now understand much more about variety in nature.
由于他的工作,我们现在更了解大自然的多样性。
Whaling ships often stopped at the Galapagos Islands.
捕鲸船经常停在加拉帕戈斯群岛.
Darwin’s visit to the islands at the age of 24 helped him develop the theory of natural selection.
达尔文24岁出访群岛,帮助他发展出自然选择理论.
Wildlife Scientists and tourists alike have been fascinated by the diversity of native animal and plant life on the Galapagos Islands.
野生生物科学家和游客都对加拉帕戈斯群岛的当地动物和植物生活的多样性充满了兴趣。
New species are continually being discovered.
正在不断发现新的物种。
A 1996 expedition took scientists 914 meters (3,000 ft) under water to study the ocean surrounding the islands.
1996年的一次探险将科学家从水下取出914米(3,000英尺)来研究环绕群岛的海洋.
Many new species were discovered, including jellyfish, deep-sea moray eels, sea cucumbers, and a deepwater red octopus.
许多新物种被发现,包括水母,深海摩雷鳗,海参等,并有深水红章鱼.
The scientists discovered a new species of marine life on almost every day of their expedition.
科学家们几乎每天都在探险中发现了一种新的海洋生物物种.
Reptiles Some of the Galapagos’s most famous residents are its reptiles.
加拉帕戈斯的一些最出名的居民是它的爬行动物.
The islands were named for one of the most well-known reptiles, the giant tortoise.
群岛被命名为最出名的爬行动物之一"巨龟".
These gentle herbivorous (ur-BIV-or-us) reptiles can live 150 years or more.
这些温和的草本动物(ur-BIV-or-us)可以活到150年或更长时间.
Males can grow to 1.
雄性可以长到一.
8 meters (6 ft) in length and can weigh up to 300 kilograms (660 lbs).
长度为8米(6英尺),可重达300公斤(660磅).
Fourteen different kinds of Galapagos tortoises used to exist.
过去有十四种加拉帕戈斯龟.
Several kinds have become extinct, and the others are now protected.
几种已经灭绝,其他种类现在都受到保护.
Galapagos tortoises are divided into two groups based on the shape of their shell, or carapace.
加拉帕戈斯龟根据其外壳外形分为两组,即"卡拉帕斯".
One group has a round, dome-shaped shell, a short neck, and short legs.
一组有圆形,穹顶形外壳,颈部短而腿短.
The other group has a saddle-shaped shell that is raised in front, a long neck, and long legs.
另一组有马鞍形外壳起于前,颈长而腿长.
The 1996 expedition used the Johnson Sea Link Submersible.
1996年的探险使用了"约翰逊海接"潜水器.
Marine iguanas, the world’s only seagoing lizards, are another well-known Galapagos reptile.
海洋蜥蜴是世界上唯一出海蜥蜴,
They have been compared to small dragons because of their leathery skin, curved claws, and back spines.
因其皮革质地,有弯曲的爪子和后脊被比作小龙.
They can grow to a length of 1 meter (3.
它们能长到一米(3.
3 ft).
(原始内容存档于2013-10-12). 3 ftt.
These tropical lizards are able to stay under water for up to an hour while feeding on red and green algae, their main food source.
这些热带蜥蜴在以红藻和绿藻为主要食物来源的同时能活到水下长达一小时.
Marine iguanas have dark skin that helps them absorb the sun’s heat after they emerge from the cold ocean waters.
海洋巨蜥的皮肤很黑,
Marine iguanas also control body temperature with their posture.
海洋巨蜥也以其姿态来控制体温.
They often sun themselves on lava rocks as the sun rises in the morning.
它们常常在早晨太阳升起时在熔岩上晒出自己.
When the heat becomes too intense, they raise up on their legs to protect their underside from the hot rocks and to increase air circulation.
当热度变得过高时,它们会抬起腿来保护下侧受热岩石的伤害并增加空气循环.
After a day in the cold ocean waters, they pile up together at night to conserve body heat.
在寒冷的海水中呆了一天后,它们会一起在夜间堆积起来来保存体温.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Marine iguanas have special glands connected to their nostrils that help them get rid of the extra salt they get from drinking seawater.
海洋巨蜥有与鼻孔相接的特殊腺体,能帮助它们摆脱从喝海水得到的额外盐分.
It may seem as though these animals are often sneezing, but they’re just getting rid of salt.
这些动物似乎经常打喷嚏,
Marine iguanas gather on shore.
海蜥会聚集到岸上
Mammals Many Galapagos mammals are animals normally found far from the equator.
许多加拉帕戈斯哺乳动物通常是在远离赤道的地方发现的动物.
Galapagos sea lions are the marine gymnasts of the islands.
加拉帕戈斯海狮是群岛的海洋体操运动员.
Their playful antics amuse tourists, who sometimes receive friendly nips from these animals.
他们玩耍的怪兽取笑了游客,他们有时会从这些动物那里得到友好的乳头.
Sea lions live in large colonies.
海狮生活在大殖民地.
Female sea lions, known as cows, gather on beaches to nap.
被称作"牛"的雌性海狮会聚集到海滩上打瞌睡.
Adult males, or bulls, are territorial and extremely aggressive during the mating season.
成年雄性,或称公牛,在交配季节是属地性的并极具攻击性.
Galapagos fur seals are rarer than sea lions.
加拉帕戈斯皮毛海豹比出海狮子更罕见.
Fur seals were hunted nearly to extinction because of their thick fur, which was valuable.
被猎杀的毛海豹几乎被灭绝 因为它们的厚厚的毛皮是有价值的
Unlike sea lions, fur seals live in smaller groups and prefer steep, rocky shores.
与海狮不同的是,毛海豹生活在较小的群落中,更喜欢陡峭,多岩石的海岸.
They fear humans and are difficult to approach.
他们害怕人类,难以接近。
Birds Many of the Galapagos’s most interesting residents are birds.
加拉帕戈斯的许多最有趣的居民是鸟类。
Frigate birds are among the most striking birds in the world.
护卫舰鸟类是世界上最引人注目的鸟类之一.
They can measure up to 1 meter (3.
它们可测量到1米(3.
3 ft) tall and have a wingspan up to 2.
3英尺)高,并有可长达2个的翅膀.
1 meters (7 ft).
1米(7英尺).
During the mating season, hundreds of males gather to attract the attention of females.
在交配季节,有上百名雄性聚集以吸引雌性的关注.
Each male inflates his bright red throat sac like a balloon while shaking outstretched wings and making repeated piercing cries.
每只雄性都像气球一样夸大出亮的红喉囊,同时摇起出展的翅膀并反复出出穿孔的叫声.
Fur seal Sea lion Do You Know?
海豹海狮 你知道吗?
A male frigate bird can inflate its throat sac to the size of a soccer ball.
雄性护卫舰鸟可以将咽喉塞入到足球的大小.
Galapagos penguins are among the most surprising native animals on the islands.
加拉帕戈斯企鹅是岛上最出人意料的本土动物.
We usually think of penguins as living close to Antarctica.
我们通常认为企鹅生活在南极洲附近.
Galapagos penguins are the most northern penguin.
加拉帕戈斯企鹅是最北方的企鹅.
They weigh only 2 to 2.
他们只有2到2分
5 kg (4.
5公斤(4个).
5 lbs) and stand 40 to 45 cm (16–18 in).
5磅)并站立于40至45厘米(16至18英寸).
One of their big challenges is to stay cool in the tropical heat.
他们的一大挑战是在热带高温中保持冷静.
They do this by holding out their wings so that air moves around the sides of their bodies.
他们这样做的方式是把翅膀伸出来 让空气在身体的两侧移动
They also stay cool by keeping their feet shaded or by taking a refreshing dip in the ocean.
它们也会保持凉爽 通过保持脚被遮蔽 或通过在海洋取出新鲜的一滴。
Galapagos penguins swim underwater at high speeds, using their wings as propellers and their feet as rudders.
加拉帕戈斯企鹅以高速在水下游泳,以翅膀为螺旋桨,以脚为舵.
They feed on small fish that they catch by hunting in groups.
它们以小鱼为食,它们群起捕食。
They live in colonies and mate for life.
他们住在殖民地,终身交配.
Plant Life The plant life on the Galapagos Islands is just as remarkable as the animal life.
植物生命 加拉帕戈斯群岛上的植物生物与动物生物一样引人注目.
There are about 560 kinds of native plants, and almost one-third of them are found nowhere else on Earth.
有约560种原生植物,近三分之一的原生植物在地球上无处可寻.
The scalesia (ska-LEE-zee-yuh) tree is a unique Galapagos plant.
相生树(学名:Ska-LEE-zee-yuh)为禾本科相生树属下的一个特有植物.
It is a member of the daisy family and can grow to a height of 24 meters (78 ft).
它是菊花家族的一员,可生长至24米(78英尺)高.
It grows in humid areas at higher elevations and is often covered with tropical flowers called orchids.
其生长于较高海拔的潮湿地段,常被热带花朵"兰花"所覆盖.
The prickly pear cactus grows low to the ground on many of the islands, but on the island of Santa Fe it grows into trees.
刺耳的梨花仙人掌在很多岛屿上会低地生长到地上,但在圣菲岛上会长出成树.
The pads, flowers, and fruit of this cactus are a favorite food of land iguanas.
这种仙人掌的花垫,花朵和果实是陆地蜥蜴最喜爱的食物.
They often roll the cactus pads on the ground to remove the spines before eating them.
它们常将仙人掌花垫倒地取出去脊椎后再吃.
These creatures often sit under a tree waiting for a pad to drop to the ground.
这些生物经常会坐在一棵树下等被垫倒入地.
Threats to Survival Almost all of the island chains in the world have experienced the loss of many of their native plants and animals.
对生存的威胁 世界上几乎所有的岛链都经历了许多原生植物和动物的丧失.
The Galapagos Islands have lost few native life forms so far, though serious threats exist.
加拉帕戈斯群岛虽然存在严重威胁,但迄今没有多少土著生命形式丧失。
The most serious problem is the presence of non-native species brought by humans.
最严重的问题是人类带来的非本土物种的存在.
Cats, dogs, pigs, goats, horses, donkeys, cattle, and rats have all been brought to the islands.
猫,狗,猪,山羊,马,驴,牛和老鼠都被带到了岛上.
Many of them have become feral, or wild, and have multiplied rapidly.
许多人变得狂野或野生,并且迅速成倍地增长。
Tortoise eggs and hatchlings are eaten by many feral animals, as are other native animals.
龟蛋和孵化物被许多野兽所吃,其他原生动物也是如此.
Feral animals also eat plants that native animals would otherwise eat.
发酵动物还吃原生动物本会吃到的植物.
The islands have many programs to destroy the non-native animals so that the native ecology can be restored.
群岛有许多计划来摧毁非本土动物,以便恢复本土生态.
And scientists are raising tortoises in captivity to try to boost their numbers and increase their survival rates.
科学家们正在养活被囚禁的乌龟 试图增加它们的数量,提高它们的存活率。
A tree-sized prickly pear cactus Cows and other non-native animals interfere with the native ecology.
树大小刺花梨花仙人掌牛等非原生动物会干扰原生生态.
Another serious problem is the increasing number of people on the islands, both residents and visitors.
另一个严重问题是岛上居民和游客人数不断增加。
In 1940, only 600 people lived on the islands.
1940年,岛上只有600人居住.
But in 1949, many people moved to the islands after a major earthquake in Ecuador.
但在1949年,许多人在厄瓜多尔发生大地震后移居到岛上.
Tourism in the Galapagos Islands skyrocketed in the 1980s, bringing more residents and many more visitors.
加拉帕戈斯群岛的旅游业于1980年代猛增,带来了更多的居民和更多的游客.
By 1997, the population on the islands had grown to about 15,000.
到1997年,群岛上的人口已增至约15,000人.
With more people come many risks.
随着更多的人带来许多风险。
New harmful species are more likely to be brought to the islands.
新的有害物种更有可能被带入群岛。
Natural resources are being overused for building materials and firewood.
自然资源被过度地用于建筑材料和木柴。
More animals are being hunted for food and export, both on land and in the ocean.
更多的动物正在陆地和海洋上被猎取取取出食物和出口.
Pollution from tourist and supply boats is increasing.
旅游和补给船造成的污染正在增加。
In 2001, an oil tanker ran aground off one of the islands, causing a huge oil spill.
2001年,一艘油轮在其中一个岛屿上搁浅,造成巨大的石油外溢.
Experts from around the world worked with the government of Ecuador, local scientists, and others in a massive cleanup effort.
来自世界各地的专家与厄瓜多尔政府、当地科学家和其他人一起进行了大规模的清理工作。
To help preserve the Galapagos Islands, the government of Ecuador declared 95 percent of the land a national park in 1959.
为了帮助保护加拉帕戈斯群岛,厄瓜多尔政府于1959年宣布95%的土地为国家公园.
In 1986, a law was passed to protect 69,930 square kilometers (27,000 sq mi) of the ocean waters around the islands.
1986年,通过了一项法律,以保护群岛周围海域的69 930平方公里(27,000 sq mi).
Strict laws now limit visitation to the islands.
严格的法律现在限制了对群岛的访问。
Visitors must be accompanied by certified guides who are trained to keep conservation in mind at all times.
参观者必须附有经过培训的合格导游,随时铭记养护工作。
Visitors are not allowed to bring food or drink in order to prevent the introduction of foreign plant seeds, insects, or bacteria.
访客不得携带食物或饮料来防止引进外国植物种子,昆虫,或细菌.
The laws also protect animals and plants from human interference, such as touching, feeding, or littering.
这些法律还保护动物和植物免受人类的干扰,如触摸、喂食或丢弃等。
Boat tours are carefully controlled to help protect the wildlife.
船只游览受到严密控制,以帮助保护野生动物。
The oil tanker Jessica runs aground.
杰西卡号油轮搁浅了
In 1959, the Charles Darwin Foundation was created to help the government of Ecuador make smart decisions about conservation on the islands.
1959年,查尔斯·达尔文基金会被创立来帮助厄瓜多尔政府就群岛的养护问题作出明智的决定.
This foundation operates the Charles Darwin Research Station on Santa Cruz Island so that scientists and the public can continue to learn about these extraordinary islands.
这个基金会在圣克勒斯岛经营查尔斯·达尔文研究站,以便科学家和公众能够继续了解这些非凡的岛屿.
Many educational programs, both on the islands and around the world, help teach the public about Galapagos conservation efforts.
许多教育计划,无论是在群岛上还是在世界上,都有助于向公众传授加拉帕戈斯养护工作。
Conclusion Our planet is now facing the mass extinction of up to 75 percent of all life forms.
结论 我们的星球现在面临着 高达75%的生物大规模灭绝。
The Galapagos Islands are one of the last places on Earth that contain so many rare life forms in such a small area.
加拉帕戈斯群岛是地球上最后一个在如此小的区域中含有如此多稀有生命形态的地方.
Many are found nowhere else on Earth.
地球上没有其它地方可以找到许多。
Scientists, conservationists, and other concerned people who value nature are working to safeguard the Galapagos Islands for future generations.
科学家、保护学家和其他重视自然的人正在努力为子孙后代保护加拉帕戈斯群岛。
These islands are a natural treasure that must be preserved and protected.
这些岛屿是自然之宝,必须加以保存和保护.
The isolation and ruggedness of the Galapagos Islands might help preserve their unique ecology.
加拉帕戈斯群岛的孤立和崎岖可能有助于保护其独特的生态。
Scientists clean a bird rescued from the 2001 oil spill.
科学家清理了从2001年石油外溢事件中获救的一只鸟.
Explore More At the Library Ask your librarian to help you find books on the Galapagos Islands.
在图书馆探索更多 请您的图书管理员帮助您找到有关加拉帕戈斯群岛的书籍。
You can find books of Galapagos photographs, history, and modern science.
你可以找到加拉帕戈斯照片、历史和现代科学的书籍。
You can also look for books on individual plants and animals from the Galapagos.
也可以从加拉帕戈斯人那里寻找关于个别植物和动物的书籍.
You may even find travel books in which people describe their trips to the islands, some of them written long ago.
你甚至可以找到旅行书籍,人们在书中描述他们去群岛的旅行,其中一些是很久以前写的。
On the Internet A.
腾讯网 A.
In the address window, type www.
在地址窗口中,输入www.
google.
Google (英语).
com.
电话
B.
毕.
Type Galapagos in the search window and click on “Google Search.”
在搜索窗口中键入加拉帕戈斯并点击“Google搜索”。 “
C.
C组
Read the colored links.
读取有色链接.
Click on one that looks interesting.
点击一个看起来很有趣。
When you want to explore other links, click on the “Back” button at the top left to return to the Google search page.
想要探索其他链接时,请点击左上方的"后"按钮返回到Google搜索页面.
D.
D类.
Try other searches, such as Charles Darwin, Galapagos tortoise, or frigate bird.
尝试其他的搜索,如查尔斯·达尔文,加拉帕戈斯龟,或护卫舰鸟等.