The Erie Canal
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Solving the Transportation Problem.
解决运输问题的目录.
4 Planning the Erie Canal.
4个 规划伊利运河.
6 Building the Erie Canal.
6,建设伊利运河.
8 Clinton’s Big Ditch.
8 克林顿大迪奇.
10 Traveling the Erie Canal.
10出行伊利运河.
11 A Lasting Innovation.
11 A 持久创新。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Solving the Transportation Problem In the 1600s and 1700s, most settlers in North America stayed between the coast of the Atlantic Ocean and around 400 miles (640 km) inland.
16 解决运输问题 1600年代至1700年代,北美的大部分定居者都停留在大西洋沿岸和约400英里(640公里)的内陆之间.
There, the Appalachian Mountains rise up as an enormous barrier, spanning an area north to south that covers more than 1,500 miles (2,400 km).
在那里,阿巴拉契亚山脉作为巨大的屏障而起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起
The United States Around 1800 ATLANTIC OCEAN KEY States U.
美国1800年左右
S.
师曰.
territories Lands owned by Native peoples and other countries Appalachian M ountains 0 200 400 mi.
领土 土著人民和其他国家拥有的土地 Appalachian Mountains 0 200 400 m.
In the 1800s, settlers became eager to explore the West and set up reliable trade routes there.
1800年代,定居者开始急于探索西方,并在那里建立了可靠的贸易路线.
However, transportation options were limited.
然而,运输选择有限。
Trips in wagons led by horses and mules were long, challenging, and dangerous.
由马和骡子率领的马车旅行很长,具有挑战性和危险性.
The only mountain passes were dirt trails.
唯一的山道是泥道.
During a time before trains, automobiles, and airplanes, people needed a quicker and cheaper way to travel and ship goods across the mountains.
在火车、汽车和飞机之前的一段时间里,人们需要一种更快、更廉价的方式来穿越山区运送货物。
Americans looked to Europe, where artificial waterways called canals were popular and efficient ways to travel and transport goods.
美国人仰望欧洲,在那里被称作"运河"的人工水道是流行而有效的出行和运输货物的方式.
They considered whether a similar system could work in the United States.
他们审议了类似制度能否在美国发挥作用的问题。
The pioneer Daniel Boone leads settlers through a pass in the Appalachian Mountains in this early 1850s painting by George Caleb Bingham.
先驱丹尼尔·布恩带领定居者从1850年代初乔治·卡勒布·宾汉姆所绘的阿巴拉契亚山脉上穿过一道道.
Planning the Erie Canal The New York State Canal Commission made a plan for a canal to cross the state.
规划了伊利运河 纽约州运河委员会制定了穿越该州的运河计划.
It would connect Lake Erie—one of the Great Lakes, located in the American Midwest—with Albany— the state capital, located on the Hudson River.
它将把位于美国中西部的大湖之一的伊利湖同位于哈德逊河上的州会奥尔巴尼相接。
From Albany, boats could take the Hudson River south to New York City and out into the Atlantic Ocean.
从奥尔巴尼,船只可以将哈德逊河南下到纽约市并进入大西洋.
The Erie Canal would link major cities in New York State, including Buffalo, Syracuse, and New York City.
伊利运河将连接纽约州的主要城市,包括水牛城,锡拉丘兹和纽约市.
Due to their locations along the canal, smaller towns such as Rome, Lockport, and Little Falls would prosper.
由于地处运河一带,罗马,洛克波特和小瀑布等更小的城镇会繁荣.
The biggest supporter of the Erie Canal was a politician named De Witt Clinton.
伊利运河的最大支持者是一位名叫德·维特·克林顿的政治家.
A senator from New York, Clinton was elected governor of New York State in 1817.
来自纽约的参议员克林顿于1817年被选为纽约州州长.
In his campaign, he promised New Yorkers that the canal would bring jobs, money, and new settlers to the cities and towns along its path.
在竞选中,他向纽约人保证,运河将沿着这条路为城镇带来工作,金钱和新的定居者.
Not everyone believed in the Erie Canal.
不是每个人都相信伊利运河
President Thomas Jefferson turned down Clinton’s request for the federal government to contribute money to the project.
总统托马斯·杰斐逊拒绝了克林顿要求联邦政府为该项目捐款的请求.
Without any federal support, Clinton was forced to use a large portion of New York State’s tax money to fund the project.
在没有任何联邦支持的情况下,克林顿被迫用纽约州的一大部分税收来资助该项目.
De Witt Clinton Native People Removed While the canal would bring success to many New Yorkers, it displaced members of the five Haudenosaunee (ho-dee-no-SHO-nee) Nations.
德·维特·克林顿土著人 虽然运河将为许多纽约人带来成功,但它使五个豪德诺绍内(Ho-dee-no-SHO-nee)国家的成员流离失所。
They were forcibly relocated to reservations to ensure that nothing would stand in the way of the canal’s path.
他们被迫迁到保留地,以确保没有任何东西会妨碍运河的道路。
Lake Erie Mohawk Oneida Onondaga Cayuga Seneca Lake Ontario The Erie Canal crossed territory that originally belonged to the Haudenosaunee, who were also known as the Iroquois.
伊利·莫霍克·奥尼达·奥农达加湖 卡尤加·塞内卡 安大略湖区 伊利运河跨越了原来属于豪德诺索内的领土,而豪德诺索内又被称作"易洛魁".
New York KEY Haudenosaunee Territory Erie Canal Building the Erie Canal Work began on the Erie Canal in 1817.
纽约 豪德诺索内领土埃里运河 1817年伊利运河开始建造伊利运河工程.
It was originally built to be 4 feet (1.
它最初被建造为4英尺(1.
2 m) deep and 40 feet (12.
2米)深40英尺(12.
1 m) wide.
1米)宽.
A towpath 10 feet (3 m) wide was made next to the canal’s bank for horses and mules to pull boats along the canal.
在运河岸边制造了一条10英尺(3米)宽的拖船,供马和骡子沿运河拖取船只.
Building the canal was a challenging task.
修建运河是一项艰巨的任务。
Since there were no engineering schools in the United States at the time, most engineers were self-taught.
由于当时美国没有工程学校,大多数工程师都是自学自学.
They had to navigate uneven terrain to create a constant flow of water throughout the entire length of the canal.
他们必须航行不均匀的地道 在整个运河中不断形成水流
Workers began construction in the middle, which was the flattest area.
工人在中间开始建造,这是最平地的地区.
As they moved east and west, they had to adjust the height of the land.
当他们向东和向西移动时,他们不得不调整地高.
In some places, they dug to lower it.
在一些地方,他们挖来降低它。
In other places, they added soil to raise it.
在其他地方,他们添加了土壤来饲养.
Workers construct the Erie Canal in this artwork from the 1800s.
工人从1800年代开始在这幅艺术品上建造了伊利运河.
Building the canal didn’t just mean digging through soil.
建造运河并不仅仅意味着挖掘土壤。
Workers also had to build eighteen aqueducts.
工人还必须建造18个水管。
These structures carried the canal over rivers and ravines.
这些建筑将运河抬过河流和沟谷.
At eighty-three points along the canal, workers also had to build locks— devices that raise or lower boats.
在运河一带的83个点上,工人还必须建造起起降船只的锁。
Engineers developed cutting-edge technology to make locks work in difficult areas.
工程师开发了尖端技术,使锁在困难地区发挥作用.
An aqueduct along the Erie Canal How Locks Work When a boat reaches a place where the water is at a higher or lower depth, it enters the lock through a gate.
沿伊利运河的一条水管,当一艘船到达水深较高或更低的地方时,它会从一扇闸门入闸.
The water level inside the lock is raised or lowered, depending on the water level in the direction the boat is moving.
船闸内水位根据船行驶方向的水位而提高或降低.
When the water levels match, a gate on the other side is opened, which allows the boat to continue sailing ahead.
当水位相匹配时,另一边会开出一扇船闸,使船能继续前行出航.
A tour boat enters a lock to reach a lower portion of the Erie Canal.
一艘游艇入锁可通向伊利运河下行地段.
Clinton’s Big Ditch As the years went on, Governor Clinton’s opponents in New York made fun of the canal project.
克林顿的大迪奇 随着岁月的流逝,纽约州长克林顿的反对者取笑了运河项目.
They called it “Clinton’s Folly” and “Clinton’s Big Ditch.”
他们称之为"Clinton's Folly"和"Clinton's Big Ditch". “
At a cost of $7 million, the canal was expensive (in 2019, that would be around $130 million).
耗资700万元,运河费用昂贵(2019年,约合1.3亿美元).
Clinton refused to run for re-election in 1822.
克林顿于1822年拒绝竞选连任.
People said the project would never end.
人们说这个项目永远不会结束.
However, in 1825, workers finally finished the Erie Canal.
然而,1825年,工人终于完成了伊利运河.
That same year, Clinton was re-elected to the position of governor.
同年,克林顿再次出任州长.
For the grand opening of the canal in October 1825, Clinton led officials and supporters on a festive first trip down the canal’s route.
为了1825年10月运河的宏伟开通,克林顿带领官员和支持者在运河路线下行了第一次庆典.
Starting on Lake Erie, the group of boats traveled on the canal to Albany.
从伊利湖起,一群船只乘运河前往奥尔巴尼.
From there, they sailed along the Hudson River to New York City.
从那里,他们沿着哈德逊河航行到纽约市.
When they reached the Atlantic Ocean, Governor Clinton took a barrel of water that had been filled with water from Lake Erie and dumped it into the ocean.
当他们到达大西洋后,克林顿总督取出一桶从伊利湖取出并被倒入海洋的水.
It was a symbolic moment—the two bodies of water had been officially joined.
这是一个具有象征意义的时刻——两道水体已被正式加入。
Governor Clinton celebrates the opening of the Erie Canal in New York City on November 4, 1825.
克林顿总督于1825年11月4日庆祝伊利运河在纽约市开通.
Traveling the Erie Canal The Erie Canal dramatically changed the way people and goods traveled west.
乘坐伊利运河 伊利运河急剧地改变了人们和货物向西行走的方式.
It used to take two weeks to travel across New York from Albany to Buffalo.
过去从奥尔巴尼到水牛城需要两周的时间来穿越纽约.
The Erie Canal reduced that travel to five days.
伊利运河将旅行缩短为五天.
More colonists moved to the American Midwest and settled in the present-day states of Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, and Illinois.
更多的殖民者移居到美国中西部并定居在现今的俄亥俄州,密歇根州,印第安纳州和伊利诺斯州.
Settlers in these areas mostly became farmers.
这些地区的定居者大多是农民。
It was now easy and cheap to ship goods east from the Midwest, where there were many natural resources, including lumber, gravel, and rich land for growing crops.
现在从中西部向东运送货物是容易而便宜的,那里有许多自然资源,包括木材、砾石和种植作物的富地。
The Midwest became known as America’s “breadbasket.”
中西部被称为美国的"面包篮". “
The number of bushels of wheat exported from the Midwest grew from fourteen thousand in 1826 to eight million in 1840.
从中西部出口的小麦的灌木数量从1826年的一万四千只增加到了1840年的八百万只.
Artwork from 1829 shows the Erie Canal passing through farmland.
1829年的艺术品显示伊利运河经过农田.
A barge moves along the Erie Canal in Little Falls, New York, in 1890.
一艘驳船于1890年在纽约小瀑布沿伊利运河行走.
The Erie Canal made it easier to ship goods from east to west, too.
伊利运河也使得从东向西运送货物更加容易.
Settlers in the frontier areas of the Midwest now had access to goods they couldn’t have obtained before.
中西部边境地区的定居者现在能够获得他们以前无法获得的物品。
Stoves, nails, cloth, and other basic supplies were manufactured in the industrial centers on the East Coast and were then shipped west.
东海岸的工业中心制造了炉子、钉子、布等基本用品,然后运往西部。
Answer: $700 (cost before) – $70 (cost after) = $630 Math Minute Before the Erie Canal, it cost $100 to ship 1 ton of wheat from Ohio to New York City.
答:700 (成本前) – 70 (成本后) = 630 Math Minute before the Erie Canal,从俄亥俄州将一吨小麦运往纽约市需要100美元.
After the canal was built, it cost approximately $10 for the same shipment.
运河建成后,同一批货费约10元.
How much more did it cost to ship 7 tons of wheat before the canal was built?
在运河建成前运送7吨小麦要花多少?.
A packet boat travels on the Erie Canal near Little Falls, New York, in this painting by William Rickarby Miller.
一艘包船在纽约小瀑布附近的伊利运河上行走,这幅由威廉·里卡比·米勒所绘.
People used the Erie Canal for more than just shipping—it also changed travel in the United States.
人们不仅把伊利运河用于航运,而且还改变了美国的旅行。
Tourists often traveled the canal for pleasure, usually in packet boats.
游客经常去运河取乐,通常在包船中.
They could lounge, dine, and sleep in these boats.
他们可以休息 吃饭 睡在船上
Horses and mules led the boats along the towpath at a slow speed, around 4 miles per hour (6 kmph).
马和骡子带领船只以缓慢的速度沿拖曳道行走,约每小时4英里(6公里).
Passengers could even get off for a stroll, then catch up with their boat later.
乘客甚至可以下车去散步,然后在后期赶上他们的船.
It cost four cents per mile (1.
价格为每英里4美分(1分.
6 km) to travel by packet boat.
6公里)乘包船出行.
The price included tolls, meals, and a bed.
价格包括通行费、膳食和一张床。
Tolls helped pay back what it cost to build the canal.
通行费帮助偿还了修建运河的成本.
Due to the canal’s success, workers widened the canal to 70 feet (21 m) and deepened it to 7 feet (2 m) in 1862.
由于运河的成功,工人将运河拓宽到70英尺(21米)并加深到1862年的7英尺(2米).
Then in the early 1900s, workers built a new, larger canal to accommodate giant barges carrying tons of goods.
后于1900年代初期,工人建造了一条新的,更大的运河来容纳载运吨货物的巨大驳船.
The new canal used parts of the original Erie Canal route.
新运河使用部分原伊利运河航道.
By the 1950s, though, people found other ways to transport goods.
但到了1950年代,人们找到了其他运输货物的方法.
Railroad tracks and highways made it faster and cheaper to ship goods by train or truck.
铁路轨道和高速公路使得用火车或卡车来运送货物的速度更快更便宜.
The Erie Canal instead became a popular tourist attraction mostly used by leisure boaters.
伊利运河转而成为一个受欢迎的旅游景点,大多被休闲船客所使用.
Several museums and educational sites entertain visitors along its banks today.
今天,一些博物馆和教育场所在它的银行里接待游客。
A tugboat pushes two barges along the enlarged barge canal in 2009.
一艘拖船于2009年将两艘驳船推入已扩大的驳船运河.
A Lasting Innovation Between 1820 and 1850, the population of New York City quadrupled, and the Erie Canal was an important reason for this growth.
1820至1850年间的"持久创新",纽约市人口翻了两番,而伊利运河是这一增长的重要原因.
Before the canal, New York City had been a smaller port city than Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New Orleans.
在运河之前,纽约市曾经是比巴尔的摩,费城和新奥尔良更小的港口城市.
Today it is the largest city in the United States.
今天它是美国最大的城市.
The importance of the Erie Canal extends beyond New York State.
伊利运河的重要性超越了纽约州.
It opened the West to American settlers and changed the nation’s landscape for good.
它向美国定居者开放了西方,并永久地改变了这个国家的地貌。
It allowed merchants to ship goods across the country cheaply and easily.
它允许商人以廉价而轻松的方式将货物运出全国各地.
As an exceptional feat of engineering and one of the most important large-scale construction projects of the nineteenth century, the canal’s legacy is one of American ingenuity, persistence, and creativity.
作为工程的杰出成就和19世纪最重要的大规模建筑项目之一,运河的遗产是美国的智慧、坚持和创造力。