Colosseum
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
MEDITERRANEAN SEA TYRRHENIAN SEA ADRIATIC SEA ITALY AFRICA EUROPE ASIA Table of Contents What Is the Colosseum?
地中海-大西洋-大西洋-大西洋-非洲
4 Rome, Past and Present.
4 罗马,过去和现在。
5 The History of the Colosseum.
5"会馆通史".
6 Building the Colosseum.
6 建设会馆.
8 Important Features.
8个重要地物.
9 The Games.
9 运动会。
11 The Colosseum Today.
11"今日大相径庭".
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Rome H What Is the Colosseum?
16罗马H是什么?
Have you ever been to a big stadium to watch your favorite team play football or baseball?
你去过一个大体育场 看你最喜欢的球队踢足球或棒球吗?
Do you remember how you felt when your team came onto the playing field?
你还记得你的感觉 当你的团队来到比赛场地?
Now take a step back almost two thousand years to the Roman Empire.
现在向罗马帝国倒退近两千年
Imagine you are seated among ancient Romans in the largest, oldest, and most famous sports arena in the world—the Roman Colosseum.
想象一下,你坐在古罗马人中间 世界上最大的、最古老的、最出名的体育赛场——罗马竞技场。
Thousands of slaves helped build this massive building out of stone and concrete.
上千名奴隶帮助用石头和混凝土建造了这座庞大的建筑.
Rome, Past and Present The Roman Empire began with the Emperor Caesar Augustus in 27 bce.
罗马,过去和现在 罗马帝国始于皇帝凯撒·奥古斯都 在27 bce.
It ended in 476 ce.
结束于476 ce.
At one point, the Roman Empire covered much of Europe as well as the Middle East and parts of North Africa.
罗马帝国一度覆盖了欧洲大部分地区以及中东和北非部分地区.
Ancient Rome has had lasting effects on the world.
古罗马对世界产生了持久的影响。
Many countries model their laws after those developed by the Romans.
许多国家仿照由罗马人制定的法律制定法律。
The ways that buildings were made during the Roman Empire continue to influence modern building designs.
罗马帝国时期建筑的制作方式继续影响着现代建筑的设计.
For example, Romans perfected the use of concrete, a strong building material still in use.
例如,罗马人完善了混凝土的使用,一种仍在使用的坚固的建筑材料.
Today, Rome—also known as the Eternal City— is a busy place.
今天,罗马——也称为永恒之城——是一个繁忙的地方。
Visitors from across the globe come to enjoy its museums, monuments, and food.
来自世界各地的游客前来欣赏其博物馆、纪念碑和食物。
Although a ruin, the Colosseum remains an amazing piece of architecture.
虽然是一个废墟, Colosseum 仍然是一个惊人的建筑.
It is an important landmark in Rome, the capital of Italy and one of the biggest cities in Europe.
它是意大利首都罗马的重要地标,也是欧洲最大的城市之一.
The Colosseum is also one of the most famous monuments in the world, standing for the glory of ancient Rome.
克洛塞姆纪念碑也是世界上最出名的纪念碑之一,为古罗马的光荣而站立.
Emperor Caesar Augustus The History of the Colosseum The Colosseum was built as a very large outdoor theater called an amphitheater.
凯撒·奥古斯都皇帝 科洛塞姆的历史 科洛塞姆剧院(Colosseum)是一座非常大型的室外剧院,被称作"异形剧场".
An amphitheater is a round or oval building with tiers of seats rising in curved rows around an open space.
活字剧场是一栋圆形或椭圆形的建筑,其分层的座位以曲线排列在空地周围.
Audiences went to an amphitheater to see different types of games.
观众前往一个异形剧场观看不同类型的游戏.
In the first century ce, the Roman Empire was expanding around the Mediterranean area and into northwestern Europe.
在一世纪,罗马帝国正在地中海一带扩张并进入西北欧洲.
Its population was about fifty to sixty million, or approximately one-fifth of the world’s population.
其人口约为5 000至6 000万,约占世界人口的五分之一。
As the Romans grew in power, they began to build large buildings, such as the Colosseum.
随着罗马人势力的不断壮大,他们开始建造大型建筑,如Colosseum.
The original name of the Colosseum was the Flavian Amphitheater.
克洛塞姆号的原名是"弗拉维安·安菲特"(Flavian Amphitheater).
The Flavians were a Roman family that commanded the empire between 69 and 96 ce.
弗拉维安人是一个罗马家族,在69-96克之间指挥了帝国.
Their dynasty began under Vespasian, who started building the Colosseum.
他们的王朝开始于韦斯帕西安统治下,韦斯帕西安开始建造克洛斯塞姆.
Emperor Vespasian became very popular with the people because he built the Colosseum on land where the palace of a previous, unpopular emperor had stood.
威斯巴相皇帝之所以变得非常受人民所欢迎,是因为他曾在一个以前不受欢迎的皇帝所站立的地盘上建造了克洛塞姆.
Now, the land wasn’t for the emperor but rather for the people.
现在,土地不是为皇帝而是为了人民。
The Colosseum was also built to showcase the power of Rome to the world.
克洛斯通也是为了向世界展示罗马的力量而建造.
After Vespasian died, his son, Titus, oversaw the completion of the Colosseum.
韦斯帕西安死后,他的儿子蒂图斯监督完成"克洛斯通".
In this portrait bust of Emperor Vespasian, his slight smile reveals his reported humorous side.
在维斯帕西安皇帝的这幅肖像画中,他微微的微笑揭示出他报道的幽默一面.
Building the Colosseum About 33,000 metric tons (36,376 tn.)
建造Colosseum约3.3万公吨(36,376吨).
of soil were removed from a large area to make a deep hole for the Colosseum.
将土壤从大面积取出,为Colosseum挖出一个深洞。
Next, huge stone supports 12 meters (40 ft.)
接下来,巨石支撑了12米(40英尺).
tall were placed for its foundation.
高高地被安置在它的地基上。
Then, concrete was poured into the pit.
随后,混凝土被倒入了坑中.
Once the concrete was dry, workers added brick walls to support the weight of the amphitheater.
混凝土干燥后,工人会增加砖墙来支撑活化动物的重量.
Prisoners brought to Rome as slaves did most of the physical work.
作为奴隶带到罗马的囚犯们做了大部分的体力活.
Historians think that more than 292,000 cartloads of heavy stone blocks were used to build just the outer wall of the Colosseum.
历史学家认为有超过292,000个重石块被用来建造仅仅Colosseum外墙.
As the building grew higher, lighter stones were used to lessen the weight.
随着建筑的提高,更轻的石头被用来减轻重量.
Romans invented wooden cranes to lift the heavy stones and concrete.
罗马人发明了木起重机来抬起重石和混凝土.
Slaves would climb into a large wheel and walk inside of it.
奴隶们会爬入一个大轮子 并走进去。
Rotating along the central shaft, a crane would then pull in or release a connected pulley that extended out along the crane’s lifting bar.
然后起重机会沿着起重机的起重杆旋转,
As a result, heavy stones could be lifted as needed.
因此,可视需要取出重石.
This reconstructed crane is an example of the kind ancient Romans used to lift heavy stones.
这种被重建的起重机是古罗马人用来抬起重石的典范.
Important Features The Colosseum is roughly the size of a modern sports stadium.
重要特征 Colosseum)大致相当于现代体育场的规模.
It measures 189 meters (620 ft.)
它测量为189米(620英尺).
long and 156 meters (512 ft.)
长156米(512英尺).
wide.
宽度。
The Colosseum could hold fifty thousand spectators—many more than any other amphitheater at the time.
科洛赛姆可以容纳5万观众——比当时其他任何异形者都要多.
Its floor was made of wooden planks covered in loose sand brought to Rome from Egypt.
它的地上由木板所砌,被从埃及运入罗马的松散的沙子所覆盖.
The Colosseum had four main floors with eighty arches on each of the first three floors.
克洛塞姆号有四层主楼,前三层各有八十个拱门.
These arches supported the weight of the stones above them and, on the first floor, were used as entrances and exits.
这些拱门支撑了上面的石头的重量,并在一楼被作为出入口.
A huge cover called a velarium could be extended over the Colosseum.
一个巨大的封面叫做"花拉子",可以被扩展到"花花"上.
It was made of canvas and held in place by ropes attached to wooden beams at the top of the arena.
它由帆布所制成并被紧接在竞技场顶部的木梁上的绳子所固定.
The velarium provided much-needed shade for spectators.
花盘为观众提供了急需的遮阳.
Without it, they would have spent entire days baking under the Sun.
没有它,他们会花一整天 在太阳下烘焙。
This aerial view of the Colosseum shows its massive size.
这种对Colosseum的空中取景显示了它的巨大规模.
The structure could hold fifty thousand Romans at one time.
该结构可以同时容纳5万个罗马人.
Beneath the Colosseum was a complex underground system of rooms and hallways called the hypogeum, which means “underground” in Latin.
Colosseum下方是一个复杂的地下系统,由被称作"下层地"的房间和走廊组成,在拉丁语中意为"地下".
There, fighters called gladiators and animals waited before emerging into the arena.
在那里,斗士们称角斗士和动物们等了很久才来到竞技场.
A system of lifts brought animals and men from the hypogeum to the floor of the Colosseum.
一种起重机系统将动物和男人从低地带到了Colosseum地上.
The Games The main attractions at the Colosseum were the games, which started at dawn and lasted until darkness fell.
游戏 Colosseum的主要取景地是游戏,游戏从黎明开始并持续到黑暗倒下.
One of the first events was the wild animal display.
最早的事件之一是野生动物展出.
Following this came the brutal animal hunts.
之后是野蛮的动物猎杀
Emperors would often shoot at the animals with bows and arrows.
皇上们经常用弓箭向动物开枪.
Animal trainers then teased wild animals into fighting people.
动物训练员然后取笑野生动物与人搏斗.
Nine thousand wild animals were brought to Rome from the far reaches of the Roman Empire to celebrate the opening of the Colosseum during one hundred days of games.
9000只野生动物被从罗马帝国的远方带到了罗马,在100天的比赛中庆祝Colosseum的开幕.
This ancient mosaic from Algeria shows hunters gathering exotic animals for Roman games.
这个来自阿尔及利亚的古老的马赛克图显示猎人为罗马游戏收集异国动物.
1 The outer walls were filled with statues of famous Romans.
1个 外墙上布满了著名的罗马人雕像.
under the arena.
在竞技场下。
3 The wooden floor was covered with sand.
3个 木地板被沙子覆盖.
4 Women and slaves watched from the very top.
4 妇女和奴隶从最上面看。
beams at the top.
取梁为上.
and exit the arena.
离开竞技场
In the afternoon, the famous gladiator contests took place.
下午,有名的角斗士大赛举行.
Gladiators were trained at a gladiator school called a ludus.
角斗士在一所叫"花花公子"的角斗士学校受训.
Some gladiators were prisoners of war, criminals, or slaves seeking freedom.
一些角斗士是战俘,罪犯,或者寻求自由的奴隶.
Others were freemen and retired soldiers who wanted fame and fortune.
其他人是自由人和退休士兵,他们想要名声和财富。
Gladiators often fought to the death.
角斗士们经常奋战到底.
At times, they would ask for mercy.
有时,他们会请求宽恕。
The crowd was consulted as to whether a fighter should be allowed to live.
就是否应该允许战士活下来的问题征求了群众的意见.
These ringside seats were reserved for the most important people in Rome.
这些环边席位被保留给罗马最重要的人.
A referee (summa rudis in Latin) watches closely as gladiators battle each other in this ancient mosaic from a Roman house in Germany.
一位裁判(summa rudis in Latin)密切地注视着角斗士在从德国一所罗马住宅出土的这所古老的马赛克中相斗.
Over time, Christianity began to take hold across the empire.
随着时间推移,基督教开始在整个帝国占据上风.
Romans also faced financial and military problems.
罗马人也面临着财政和军事问题.
Emperors preferred to spend money on fighting wars rather than on repairs to the Colosseum.
皇帝们更喜欢花钱去打战,而不是去修理Colosseum.
The importance of this ancient building began to decline around 300 ce.
这所古建筑的重要性从300克左右开始下降.
By 600 ce, it had been severely damaged by neglect, lightning, and earthquakes.
至600ce已因疏忽,闪电和地震而严重受损.
Afterward, it was sometimes used as a quarry for other buildings.
之后,它有时被用作其他建筑的采石场.
Builders took pieces of the Colosseum to use for their own purposes.
建造者取出"相克"(Colosseum)的碎片来作自己的用途.
Gaspar van Wittel made this painting of the Colosseum’s ruins in the late seventeenth or early eighteenth century.
加斯帕尔·范 维特尔在17世纪后期或18世纪初为Colosseum的废墟作出这幅画.
The Colosseum Today Over many years, natural disasters and vandalism have destroyed nearly two-thirds of the Colosseum.
今天的竞技场 多年来,自然灾害和破坏行为已经摧毁了将近三分之二的Colosseum.
Since the early 1990s, several repairs have brought this nearly two-thousand- year-old landmark closer to its ancient glory.
自上世纪90年代初起,几起修复使这个近两千年来的历史地标更接近于它的古来辉煌.
Its walls were cleaned in June 2016 at a cost of more than $33 million.
其城墙于2016年6月被清理,耗资超过3300万美元.
Much of the soot and grime that had piled up over the years was due to automobile fumes.
多年来堆积而成的烟尘和灰尘多出自汽车烟雾。
The number of cars now allowed in the area has been reduced.
目前该地区允许的汽车数量已经减少.
Only cabs and buses may travel around the Colosseum on weekdays.
只有出租车和公交车在平日可以绕行Colosseum.
On weekends, only people riding bicycles or on foot are permitted.
在周末,只允许骑自行车或徒步旅行的人.
The Colosseum is one of the most famous and recognizable monuments to have survived from the ancient world.
克洛塞姆古迹是出自出自古代最出名和可辨认的古迹之一.
It is also one of the most popular places in Italy.
它也是意大利最受欢迎的地方之一.
Between four and six million people venture inside its stone walls every year.
每年有四到六百万人在石墙内冒险
In 2007, the Colosseum was chosen as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.
2007年,"花花相会"被选为"世界新七大奇迹"之一.
Today, it stands as a symbol of the power and greatness of the Roman Empire.
今天,它代表着罗马帝国的力量和伟大.
Tourists are permitted to explore inside the Colosseum’s walls.
游客可在Colosseum的墙上探险。