The Bill of Rights
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 The Highest Law of the Land.
4"地上最高法".
5 Adding the Bill of Rights.
5,增加"权利法案".
8 What Does the Bill of Rights Protect?
8 《权利法案》保护什么?
10 Other Important Amendments.
10 其他重要修正案。
13 Standing Up for Rights Today.
13 今日维护权利。
14 Conclusion.
14 结论。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Introduction In 1969, an Iowa school district got a lesson about freedom of speech.
导言 1969年,爱荷华州一校区获得言论自由课程.
The district punished five students who protested the Vietnam War by wearing black armbands to school.
该区处罚了5名抗议越南战争的学生,他们穿着黑色的臂章上学.
The school suspended the students when they refused to remove the armbands.
学校在学生拒绝取出臂章时将学生停职.
Three of the students and their parents filed a lawsuit against the district.
其中3名学生及其父母向该区提起诉讼.
The case was decided by the Supreme Court of the United States.
该案由美国最高法院裁决.
The U.
吴人.
S.
师曰.
Supreme Court based its decision on an amendment (a change or correction to a written document) to the U.
最高法院的裁决基于对U的修正(对书面文件的修改或更正)。
S.
师曰.
Constitution.
宪法。
The Court said the wearing of black armbands was a form of speech that was protected by the First Amendment.
法院说佩戴黑色臂章是一种受第一修正案保护的言论形式.
Mary Beth Tinker (right), with her mother, Lorena, and younger brother Paul, reacts to news of the Supreme Court’s 1969 decision.
Mary Beth Tinker(右翼)与她的母亲Lorena和弟弟Paul一起对最高法院1969年判决的消息作出反应。
Mary Beth was suspended for wearing a black armband to her junior high school.
玛丽·贝斯被停职,因为她初中时戴着黑色的臂章.
The Highest Law of the Land The First Amendment is part of the Bill of Rights, a list of ten amendments to the U.
最高地法 第一部修正案是权利法案的一部分,这是对U的十部修正案.
S.
师曰.
Constitution that protect the freedoms of citizens.
宪法保护公民的自由。
The Bill of Rights is part of the U.
维权法案是U的一部分.
S.
师曰.
Constitution.
宪法。
All the other laws that get passed need to follow the ideas in the Constitution.
所有其他被通过的法律都需要遵循宪法中的思想.
The original U.
原"吴".
S.
师曰.
Constitution, including the Bill of Rights, is on display at the National Archives Building in Washington, D.
包括《权利法案》在内的《宪法》在华盛顿特区国家档案大楼展出。
C.
C组
The United States started out as a group of thirteen colonies ruled by Great Britain.
美国最初是由大不列颠统治的13个殖民地组成的集团.
The American colonists felt that their rights were being ignored under the rule of the British king, George III.
美国殖民者觉得在英国国王乔治三世的统治下他们的权利被忽略了.
In 1775, they started a revolution to win their independence from Great Britain.
1775年,他们发动了一场从大不列颠赢得独立的革命.
The colonists who helped create the United States of America were called the Founders.
帮助创建了美利坚合众国的殖民者被称为"创始人".
The Founders wanted to make a new government that would protect people’s rights.
创始人希望建立一个保护人民权利的新政府。
The Founders created a weak central government.
创始人创立了软弱的中央政府.
They didn’t want to give their leaders the same powers as a king, so they gave most powers to the states.
他们并不想给领导人与国王同等的权力,
American soldiers march to fight the British in this painting.
美军士兵出征与这幅画中的英军作战.
After the war ended, the Founders realized that their system of government was not working.
战争结束后,创立者们意识到他们的政府制度没有发挥作用.
In 1787, they met in Philadelphia to write a constitution that would set rules for this new system.
1787年,他们在费城相会,写出一部宪法,为这个新制度制定规则.
The Founders hoped to give the central government more power without taking away people’s rights and freedoms.
创始人希望给予中央政府更多的权力,而不剥夺人民的权利和自由。
The new constitution was finished in September 1787.
新宪法于1787年9月完成.
By mid-1788, all but two of the states had approved it.
至1788年中,除两个州外,其他州都批准了.
The Constitution then became the law of the land.
宪法随后成为了国法.
The American Founders debated the Constitution at Independence Hall in Philadelphia.
美国创始人在费城独立会堂就宪法进行辩论.
Thinking Critically Benjamin Franklin was a famous author, inventor, scientist, and politician.
认为批判本杰明·富兰克林是著名的作家,发明家,科学家和政治家.
He was one of the Founders who participated in the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787.
他是1787年参加费城制宪会议的创始人之一.
In 1755, Franklin wrote, “Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.”
1755年,富兰克林写道,“那些为了购买一点临时安全而放弃基本自由的人既不应当享有自由,也不应当享有安全。 “
What do you think he meant?
你觉得他是什么意思?
Adding the Bill of Rights North Carolina and Rhode Island said they would not approve the Constitution or join the government unless a bill of rights was added.
加入"权利法案"北卡罗来纳州和罗德岛州表示,除非加入权利法案,否则不会批准宪法或加入政府.
Some of the Founders worried that creating a list of rights might make people think that any rights not on the list were not protected.
一些创始人担心,建立权利清单可能使人们认为没有列入清单的任何权利都得不到保护.
James Madison, a leading Founder, agreed with this position.
领先创始人詹姆斯·麦迪逊同意这一立场.
However, another important Founder, Thomas Jefferson, said the Constitution needed a bill of rights.
然而,另一个重要 创始人托马斯·杰斐逊(Thomas Jefferson)说宪法需要一部权利法案.
Madison and Jefferson were both from Virginia, which had a Declaration of Rights in its constitution.
麦迪逊和杰斐逊都出自弗吉尼亚州,弗吉尼亚州宪法中有"权利宣言".
Jefferson said citizens’ rights needed to be spelled out in the U.
Jefferson说, 公民的权利需要在联合国中阐明。
S.
师曰.
Constitution.
宪法。
Madison finally agreed.
麦迪逊终于同意了.
He used the Virginia Declaration of Rights as one of his models.
他以"弗吉尼亚权利宣言"为他的模式之一.
Madison wrote a bill of rights, creating twenty amendments to the Constitution.
麦迪逊写了"权利法案",创造了"宪法"的二十个修正案.
Congress cut that number down to twelve.
国会把这个数字减少到12个
North Carolina and Rhode Island now thought that people’s rights would be protected.
北卡罗来纳州和罗德岛州现在认为人们的权利会受到保护.
By the end of 1791, the required three-quarters of the states had agreed to ten of the twelve amendments.
至1791年底,需要四分之三的州同意了十二个修正案中的十个.
Those ten amendments became the Bill of Rights.
这十项修正案成为《权利法案》。
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
The United States was not the first country to adopt a bill of rights that limited the powers of its government.
美国不是第一个通过限制其政府权力的权利法案的国家。
England passed the English Bill of Rights in 1689—more than 1 00 years before the United States passed its own version.
英国在1689年通过了"英国权利法案"——比美国通过自己的版本早了100多年.
Today, most democratic countries around the world have written documents that protect the civil and political rights of their citizens.
今天,全世界大多数民主国家都有保护其公民的公民权利和政治权利的文件。
Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, Germany, India, and Japan all have written constitutions that include a bill of rights.
加拿大、新西兰、南非、德国、印度和日本都制定了包含权利法案的宪法。
Forty-seven nations in and around Europe have adopted the European Convention on Human Rights, which protects many of the same rights as those found in the U.
欧洲及周边47个国家已经通过了"欧洲人权公约",该公约保护了许多与U所发现的相同的权利.
S.
师曰.
Bill of Rights.
权利法案。
What Does the Bill of Rights Protect?
《权利法案》保护什么?
The Bill of Rights protects many individual rights.
《权利法案》保护许多个人权利。
The First Amendment protects freedom of speech, the press, and religion.
第一修正案保护言论自由、新闻自由和宗教自由。
It also says that people are free to meet in groups for peaceful purposes.
它还说,人们可以自由地为和平目的集体聚会。
Freedom of the press means that reporters have a right to share news and thoughts with the public.
新闻自由是指记者有权与公众分享新闻和思想.
It protects newspapers, books, and magazines, and it also protects information on the radio, television, and the Internet.
它保护报纸、书籍和杂志,也保护广播、电视和互联网上的信息。
Many countries around the world have one official religion, but the First Amendment says that the United States can’t do that.
但第一修正案指出美国不能这么做。
Americans are free to practice any (or no) religion as they wish.
美国人可以随意信奉任何(或不信奉)宗教。
Marchers exercise their right to demonstrate in San Francisco, California, in November 2011.
游行者于2011年11月在加利福尼亚州旧金山行使示威权利.
Many people still argue about the meaning of the Second Amendment.
许多人仍然争论第二修正案的意义.
It gives citizens the right to own and use weapons.
它赋予公民拥有和使用武器的权利。
Some people think this amendment was meant to apply only to militia groups such as the National Guard.
一些人认为这一修正案的用意只适用于国民警卫队等民兵团体.
Other people think it gives all Americans the right to own and use weapons.
其他人则认为它赋予了所有美国人拥有和使用武器的权利.
The Fourth Amendment says police officers can’t search or arrest someone unless they have a good reason to think that person has committed a crime.
警方无法搜查或逮捕某人,
The police must ask a court to give them permission before they can search someone’s property.
警方在搜查他人财产前,必须请求法院准许。
Important Events for the U.
重要事件为U.
S.
师曰.
Constitution Year Event 1787 U.
宪法年度活动 1787 U.
S.
师曰.
Constitution written 1788 U.
《宪法》 1788 U (英语).
S.
师曰.
Constitution approved 1791 The Bill of Rights added to the Constitution 1865 13th Amendment — Slavery abolished 1868 14th Amendment — Rights of citizenship granted to all people born in the United States or naturalized 1870 15th Amendment — Right to vote given to all male citizens, regardless of color or race 1920 19th Amendment — Women gain right to vote Three amendments protect people who have been accused of crimes: the Fifth Amendment, the Sixth Amendment, and the Eighth Amendment.
宪法获得通过 1791 《宪法》中新增的《权利法案》 1865年第13修正案——奴隶制废除了1868年第14修正案——给予所有在美国出生或入籍的1870年第15修正案——给予所有男性公民的选举权,不论肤色或种族 1920年第19修正案——妇女获得选举权。 三项修正案保护被指控犯罪的人:第五修正案,第六修正案和第八修正案.
The Fifth Amendment says that nobody can be punished for a serious crime without a trial.
第五修正案规定,未经审判,任何人都不能因严重犯罪而受到惩罚.
The criminal charge must be proved in court before the person can be punished.
刑事指控必须在法庭上加以证明,然后才能惩罚该人。
Someone found not guilty of a crime cannot be charged again for the same crime.
被判无罪的人不能因同一罪行再次被起诉。
The Sixth Amendment says that a trial must be held as soon as possible.
第六修正案说,必须尽快进行审判。
The trial must be public, be fair, and take place in front of a jury.
审判必须公开,公正,并在陪审团面前进行.
The Eighth Amendment says that punishments for crimes can’t be “cruel and unusual.”
第八修正案指出,对罪行的处罚不能“残忍和不寻常”。 “
In the 1700s, some criminals were burned with red-hot irons.
1700年代,一些罪犯被用红热铁烧死.
Others were locked into wooden stocks in public spaces where crowds could throw things at them.
其他人被锁在公共空间的木质库存中,人群可以向他们扔东西。
Today, those punishments would not be allowed.
今天,这些惩罚是不允许的。
A person accused of committing a crime stands in court before a judge.
被指控犯罪的人在法庭上接受法官的审判。
Other Important Amendments Many other amendments have been added in the last two hundred years.
其他重要修正 在过去的200年中增加了许多其他修正案。
Today, the Constitution has twenty-seven amendments.
今天,宪法有27个修正案。
Two of the most important amendments in the 1800s were the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments.
1800年代最重要的两项修正案是第十三和第十四修正案.
They were passed after the Civil War (1861–1865).
它们在南北战争后被通过(1861–1865).
The Thirteenth Amendment outlawed slavery in the United States.
第十三修正案宣布美国的奴隶制为非法.
The Fourteenth Amendment made all former slaves U.
第十四修正案将所有前奴隶都变成U.
S.
师曰.
citizens.
公民们
Another important amendment was the Nineteenth Amendment.
另一项重要的修正是第十九项修正。
It gave women the right to vote.
它给予妇女选举权。
Women fought for this right for more than seventy years before the amendment passed in 1920.
在1920年通过修正案之前,妇女为这一权利斗争了70多年之久。
Amendments can only be suggested by Congress or when called for by two-thirds of the states.
修正案只能由国会提出,或由三分之二的州提出.
Once suggested, three-quarters of the states must vote in favor of the amendment for it to become law.
一旦建议,四分之三的州必须投票支持修正案,使其成为法律.
Women in Cleveland, Ohio, organize for the right to vote in 1912.
1912年俄亥俄州克利夫兰的妇女组织起来争取选举权.
Standing Up for Rights Today The Bill of Rights and other amendments to the Constitution guarantee the rights of all Americans, but sometimes people have to fight to keep their rights.
今日维护权利组织 权利法案和宪法的其他修正案保障了所有美国人的权利,但有时人们不得不为维护自己的权利而斗争.
Alondra Jones was a top student at a public high school, but she struggled to graduate.
阿隆德拉·琼斯是一所公立高中的顶尖学生,但她为毕业而挣扎.
Her high school didn’t have enough textbooks to go around, and there were no computers for students to use.
她的高中没有足够的教科书可以四处走走,
The buildings were filthy and filled with rats.
建筑物脏兮兮的,充满了老鼠.
One day, Alondra visited another school where students had books, computers, and clean, safe buildings.
一天,阿隆德拉参观了另一所学校,学生在那里有书籍,计算机,以及干净,安全的建筑.
That trip helped Alondra understand that her school was very different from many other schools in her state.
这次出行帮助了阿隆德拉了解了她的学校与她所在的州内许多其他学校有很大不同.
Alondra decided to stand up for her rights.
阿隆德拉决定拥护她的权利.
She joined almost one hundred other students in a lawsuit that changed the way her state funded its public schools.
她与其他近百名学生一起参加了一场诉讼,诉讼改变了她的国家资助公立学校的方式.
The court that decided the case said that the state was not giving “equal protection” to its students as required by the Fourteenth Amendment.
裁决该案的法院说,该州没有按照第十四修正案的要求给予学生“平等保护”。
Alondra Jones appeared at a panel discussion called “Youth Stand Up for Freedom” in Washington, D.
Alondra Jones出席了在华盛顿特区举行的题为“青年站起来争取自由”的小组讨论。
C.
C组
, in 2006.
,2006年发布.
Conclusion The story of individual rights in America continues to change through new laws, new amendments, and the actions of citizens who are willing to stand up for their rights.
结论 美国的个人权利故事继续通过新的法律,新的修正案,以及愿意捍卫自己权利的公民的行动来改变.
The Founders of the United States created a system that promised liberty and freedom to its citizens.
美国的缔造者建立了一个向其公民保证自由和自由的制度。
It is up to all Americans to keep that promise alive.
所有美国人都应该信守诺言。
Protestors fill the capitol building in Madison, Wisconsin, in February 2011.
2011年2月,抗议者填补了威斯康星州麦迪逊的Capitol大楼.
Glossary amendment (n.)
术语表修正(n.)
Bill of Rights (n.)
民权法案(无)
States Constitution, which guarantee certain rights (p.
《州宪法》保障某些权利(第2页)。
5) citizens (n.)
5) 公民 (n.
official members of a country or state (p.
一个国家或国家的官方成员(p.
5) Constitution (n.)
5) 宪法 (n.
Founders (n.)
创始人 (n.
the group of men who helped to establish the United States and its system of government (p.
帮助建立美国及其政府体制的男子群体(p.
6) freedom of speech (n.)
6)言论自由 (n.