Gold Rush
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Gold!
内容金表!
4 Keeping a Secret.
4,保持一个秘密。
5 Panning.
5 普宁报.
6 The Forty-Niners.
6 四一涅盘.
7 Around the Tip.
7号线
8 Wagons Ho!
8个Wagons Ho!
9 The Losers, the Winners.
9 输者取胜.
12 Glossary.
12 词汇表。
16 Gold!
16金币!
On the morning of January 24, 1848, James Marshall went to inspect the ditch that carried water from the American River through the new mill his crew was building.
1848年1月24日上午,詹姆斯·马歇尔去检查从美国河取来水的沟渠,穿过他手下正在建造的新磨坊.
The crew had deepened the part that ran out of the mill so the water would flow more quickly.
机组人员加深了磨坊出水的部分,使出水速度更快.
At the end of the ditch, about six inches under the water, he spotted something shiny.
在沟的尽头, 在水下约6英寸, 他发现了一些闪亮的东西。
He collected several pieces and showed his crew.
他收集了多块碎片,并展示了他的船员.
They tested the pieces.
他们测试了碎片。
It was gold!
是黄金!
Four days later, Marshall went to show John Sutter, who owned the mill.
四天后,马歇尔去向拥有磨坊的约翰·萨特展示.
Sutter had forty-eight thousand acres and no wish to be overrun with gold hunters.
萨特有4万8千英亩地 不想被淘金者征服
Everyone agreed to keep the secret: gold had been discovered in California.
每个人都同意保守这个秘密:金子已经在加州被发现了.
Sutter’s Mill, California Sutter’s Mill American River Sacramento Thanks to John Sutter and the gold rush, Sacramento became a city in 1849.
萨特磨坊,加利福尼亚 萨特磨坊,美国河 由于约翰·萨特和淘金热,萨克拉门托于1849年成为了一座城市.
In 1854, it became the state capital.
1854年成为州府.
Keeping a Secret In 1848, the world was very different from today.
保密 1848年,世界与今天大相径庭.
There were no phones, TVs, or radios.
没有电话,电视,也没有收音机
Back then, it was harder to get a message from the East Coast to California than it is to get a message to Mars today.
当时,从东海岸到加利福尼亚的讯息比今天到火星的讯息更难.
There were no roads or railroads connecting California with the states in the East.
没有道路或铁路连接加利福尼亚州和东部各州.
Almost all of California’s people were Native Americans.
加州几乎所有的人都是美洲原住民。
At the time of Marshall’s discovery, California belonged to Mexico.
马歇尔发现时,加利福尼亚属于墨西哥.
Nine days later, Mexico signed the treaty that ended the Mexican-American War.
9天后,墨西哥签署了结束墨西哥-美国战争的条约.
The treaty gave California to the United States, and neither side knew about the gold.
条约将加利福尼亚交给了美国,双方都不知道金子的事.
Sam Brannan let out the secret.
Sam Brannan透露了这个秘密
Brannan had come to California as a Mormon missionary.
布兰南作为摩门教传教士来到加州
He had started a newspaper and flour mill in San Francisco, then opened a store at Sutter’s Fort, where John Sutter lived.
他在旧金山创办了一家报纸和面粉厂,然后在约翰·萨特所住的萨特要塞开了一家商店。
Brannan wanted to cash in when he heard the news, but he wasn’t interested in mining.
Brannan一听到消息就想兑现,
Instead, he bought all the shovels in San Francisco.
相反,他购买了旧金山所有的铲子.
Then he filled a bottle with gold dust and ran through the streets yelling about the great discovery.
然后他把一瓶金尘填满了,并跑遍了大街上,大叫着大发现.
The city of 850 people almost emptied—after Brannan sold them each a very expensive shovel.
850人几乎被清空,
Sam Brannan Panning Unlike the gold in most places, California’s was not locked deep under the ground.
萨姆·布兰南·普宁 与大多数地方的黄金不同,加州并没有被锁入地底深处.
Erosion had long ago washed the metal down the mountains into the rivers.
侵蚀早已将金属冲下山去入河流.
All people needed for placer mining was a shovel and a shallow, flat pan.
需要的人只是铲子和一个浅而平坦的锅
Placer mining works because gold is much heavier than gravel.
Placer 采矿之所以可行,是因为黄金比砾石重得多.
The prospectors stood in the rivers and shoveled gravel into their pans.
探矿者站在河流中,将砾石铲入锅中。
They removed large rocks, then carefully swirled the pan.
他们移除了大块岩石,然后仔细地旋转了锅.
The dirt and gravel spilled over the edges with the water.
泥土和砾石随水而溢出于边缘.
The shiny flakes of gold stayed at the bottom of the pan.
闪闪发亮的金片留在锅底
People from California and Oregon soon showed up to work the rivers near Sutter’s Mill.
来自加利福尼亚州和俄勒冈州的人很快出现在萨特磨坊附近的河流上工作.
Some of them were European, and some were Native American.
有些是欧洲人,有些是美洲原住民。
Others came from Mexico.
其他来自墨西哥。
Next came immigrants from Asia and South America.
接下来是来自亚洲和南美洲的移民.
At that time it was easier to get to California from China than from the East Coast.
当时从中国去加州比从东海岸来容易.
The term prospector was born out of the gold rush.
探矿者一词源于淘金潮.
It means a person who moves to a spot with the prospect, or possibility, of finding gold and becoming rich.
指有找到黄金并发财的前景或可能性而移动到一地的人.
Gold fever was the greed and contagious excitement brought on by the discovery of gold.
黄金热是发现黄金带来的贪婪和有传染性的兴奋.
The Forty-Niners Rumors soon swirled in the eastern states about the gold.
"四十尼"谣言很快在东部各州流传出"黄金".
Most people didn’t believe them, but a California official sent a report about the gold to Washington, D.
多数人不相信, 但一名加州官员向华盛顿递交了有关黄金的报告。
C.
C组
—along with a sample.
-还有样本
In December 1848, the president told Congress about the discovery.
1848年12月,总统向国会通报了这一发现.
It was true!
这是真的!
Gold fever took hold.
金发热控制住了
At the time, many workers earned less than a dollar a day.
当时,许多工人每天的收入还不到一美元.
For them, it was the opportunity of a lifetime.
对他们来说,这是一生的机会。
In 1849, ninety thousand people—called forty-niners—joined the gold rush.
1849年,有9万人——被称作"四十九人"——加入淘金热.
The trip to the gold mines for these forty- niners would take months—and it was not cheap.
这49人去金矿要花几个月时间,
People had to buy transportation and supplies to last until they arrived in California.
人们不得不购买交通和用品直到到达加利福尼亚.
Many gold seekers were clerks, teachers, or lawyers.
许多淘金者是书记员、教师或律师。
Nine out of ten were men.
十有九为人.
Many couldn’t cook, wash a shirt, build a shelter, or harness oxen to pull a wagon.
许多人无法做饭、洗上衣、建造避难所,
Many left behind families.
许多人留下了家庭。
They planned to quickly make a fortune and come home.
他们计划迅速发财回家.
Posters like this one advertised ships that would carry forty-niners from New York City to San Francisco.
像这样的海报 广告上刊登了40多艘 从纽约市到旧金山的船舶
Around the Tip About half of the forty-niners decided to go by ship.
大约四十九个人中有一半决定坐船去
More than five hundred ships left eastern and Gulf ports in 1849 for California.
1849年有500多艘船只从东部和海湾港口出发去加利福尼亚.
Ships took from five to eight months to sail from the East Coast, around the tip of South America, and back up to California.
舰只从5到8个月从东海岸起航,在南美洲一角一带出航,并返回加利福尼亚.
The cheapest ticket was $75—about $2,300 in today’s money.
最便宜的机票是75美元,大约是今天的2 300美元。
At that price, lodging was a tiny bunk in the dark, crowded bottom of the ship.
以那个价格, 住宿是一个小小的铺位 在黑暗,拥挤的船底。
Food was dried meat, hard biscuits with weevils, and water.
食物是干肉、硬饼干和水
The passengers suffered shipwrecks, seasickness, and disease.
乘客遭受了船难、晕船和疾病。
Many reported that the worst things were crowding and boredom.
许多人报告说,最糟糕的是拥挤和无聊。
Day after day, they saw nothing but water.
日复一日,只见取出水来.
Some passengers decided to save time by taking a shortcut through Panama.
一些乘客决定通过穿越巴拿马的捷径来节省时间.
They could canoe and hike across 60 miles (97 km) of jungle, then catch another ship.
他们可以划出独木舟并爬行到60英里(97公里)的丛林中去,然后再接上另一艘船.
These forty-niners faced deadly snakes and mobs of mosquitoes.
这四十九个人面临着致命的蛇和蚊子的暴徒.
Many fell ill with malaria or yellow fever.
许多人患上疟疾或黄热病。
If they made it across, they might wait weeks or months to catch a ship on the other side.
如果他们能渡过,他们可能要等几周或几个月才能在另一边接上一艘船.
Wagons Ho!
华刚!
It took about the same amount of time to get to California by wagon.
乘马车去加州的时间也差不多
Most people left from Saint Louis, Missouri, the westernmost city.
大部分人从密苏里州圣路易斯出发,这是最西部的城市.
Many looked forward to the adventure almost as much as finding gold, but the adventure proved more than they’ d bargained for.
许多人对这次冒险的期待几乎和寻找黄金一样多,
Wagons followed the California Trail across the flat prairie.
瓦冈斯跟随加利福尼亚地道穿越平地草原.
A wagon could travel about 15 miles (24 km) in a day—if it didn’t break down, if there wasn’t much rain, and if the oxen stayed healthy.
一辆马车一天能行走约15英里(24公里),
Once they reached the mountains, the forty-niners had to get the wagons across rivers.
等他们到达了山上,四十九个人不得不让马车渡河.
They had to push and pull their wagons up mountains.
他们不得不把马车推到山上
At times they had to lower wagons by rope down steep cliffs.
有时他们不得不用绳子把马车压下陡峭的悬崖.
They crossed deserts with no water.
他们没有水穿过沙漠
They were pounded by wind and rain.
他们被风和雨所击倒。
If they weren’t fast enough, they were slowed by blizzards in the high passes.
如果速度不够快,
An 1850 engraving depicts a wagon train moving toward California, probably via the Sierra Nevada mountains.
1850年的雕刻描绘了一列马车驶向加利福尼亚州,可能经过了内华达山脉.
For many, their greatest fear was clashes with Native Americans, but death came from disease, starvation, and accidents.
对许多人来说,他们最大的恐惧是与美洲原住民的冲突,但死亡来自疾病,饥饿和意外.
Cholera killed many people.
霍乱杀死了很多人。
The forty-niners carried the disease with them as they drove their wagons the 2,100 miles (3,380 km) to California.
四十九个人随身携带了这种疾病,当时他们驾着2100英里(3,380公里)的马车去加州.
Thousands died.
成千上万人死亡。
By the fall of 1849, the trail was lined with possessions people had thrown away, dead oxen, and graves.
至1849年秋天,小道上铺有被人们丢弃的财产,死牛和坟墓.
The Losers, the Winners For those who made it to California, life did not get easier.
失败者,胜利者 对于那些去加州的人来说,生活并没有变得更加容易.
The prospectors lived in mining camps made of tents and rough shelters.
探矿者住在由帐篷和粗糙住所组成的采矿营地。
They ate poorly.
他们吃得不好
They worked twelve hours a day shoveling gravel or breaking rocks with picks.
他们每天工作12小时铲碎石或用取料打碎岩石。
Many fell ill, often due to poor sanitary conditions and diet, but they kept working.
许多人生病,往往是由于卫生条件和饮食差,但他们继续工作。
The next pan of gravel might be worth a fortune!
下一锅碎石可能值一大笔钱!
Gold miners stand in their camp at El Dorado, California, around 1850.
1850年左右,黄金矿工站在加利福尼亚州埃尔多拉多的营地.
The original El Dorado in South America is a mythical place of immense wealth.
南美洲最初的"多拉多"(El Dorado)是一个拥有巨大财富的神话地.
Prices Gone Wild Forty-niners could get what they wanted—for a steep price.
价格暴走四十九个人可以得到他们想要的东西,
Here’s what some items cost in 1849 San Francisco and in 2016 dollars (adjusted for inflation): 1849 2016 one can of peas $6 $181 one egg $1 $26 one breakfast $43 $1,294 one pound (.
以下为1849年旧金山和2016年美元(受通货膨胀所影响): 1849年,
45 kg) of coffee $3 $103 one mule $360 $10,835 one pair of boots $96 $2,890 = = = = = = According to the Sacramento Bee, one in every five miners who came to California in 1849 was dead within six months.
根据萨克拉门托蜜蜂(英语:Sacramento Bee)的数据,1849年来到加利福尼亚的每5名矿工中就有1名在6个月内死亡.
Even those who found gold often lost it to robbers, gambling, or paying high prices for everyday goods.
即使那些找到黄金的人也常常被抢匪,赌博,或者为日常物品支付高价.
Some early prospectors were successful.
一些早期探矿者取得了成功。
Once the placer gold was gone, though, most of the riches from gold went to large companies.
但是,一旦金币消失, 大部分的黄金财富 流向大公司。
They were able to mine with high-pressure jets of water or dig deep mines.
他们能够用高压喷出水来采矿,或者挖出深层地雷。
Source: The Rush: America's Fevered Quest for Fortune, 1848–1853, by Edward Dolnick Entrepreneurs made a fortune by selling to the miners.
资料来源:The Rush:美国Fevered Quest for Fortune, 1848–1853, Edward Dolnick著 企业家通过向矿工出售而赚了一大笔钱。
Sam Brannan became one of the first millionaires in America.
萨姆·布兰南成为了美国最早的百万富翁之一.
Levi Strauss made his fortune selling pants tough enough to handle the work—blue jeans.
李维·施特劳斯(Levi Strauss)让自己的财富 卖得够硬的裤子 足以应付工作 蓝色牛仔裤
Women, especially, had many more opportunities in the West.
特别是在西方,妇女有更多的机会。
They started businesses cooking, running boarding houses, and washing clothes for the prospectors.
他们开始做饭、经营寄宿店、为探矿者洗衣服。
Levi Strauss Levi’s jeans were popular by the 1880s.
Levi Strauss Levi的牛仔裤被1880年代所流行.
Here, two miners wear theirs outside an underground mine.
在这里,两个矿工穿 他们的地铁矿外。
The biggest winner was the United States.
最大的赢家是美国.
The gold rush brought about three hundred thousand people to California.
淘金热使约30万人来到了加利福尼亚.
The West was populated in a few years instead of decades.
西方的人口是几年而不是几十年。
In 1850, California became a state.
1850年,加利福尼亚州成为一个州.
By 1863, the country began building the transcontinental railway, which would link East and West.
到1863年,该国开始修建横贯大陆的铁路,这条铁路将连接东西两地.
Today, California has more people than any of the other forty-nine states.
今天,加利福尼亚州的人口比其他49个州都多.
It has a huge economy— larger than that of most countries.
它的经济规模比大多数国家都大。
Nearly two centuries after the gold rush, California still lives up to its nickname: the Golden State.
在淘金热后将近两个世纪,加利福尼亚州仍然活到它的外号:"金州".