Seahorses
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Strange Creatures.
内容列表 奇异的生物.
4 Funny Kind of Fish.
4个有趣的鱼。
5 Where Seahorses Live.
5 海马生活的地方。
7 Unique Adaptations.
7 独特的适应。
8 Dad Moms.
8个爸爸妈妈。
11 Surviving Against All Odds.
(原始内容存档于2018-10-21) (英语). Survival Intext All Oddies.
13 Conclusion.
13 结论。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Strange Creatures A strange marine creature hides in beds of seagrass.
16个奇怪的生物 一种奇怪的海洋生物躲入海草床.
It’s a fish that dances yet can barely swim.
这是一条跳舞但几乎不能游泳的鱼。
It’s an animal that can look ahead and behind at the same time.
这只动物可以同时向前看,
It’s the seahorse, a delicate and unique ocean marvel.
这是海马, 微妙而独特的海洋奇迹。
W Wiseord The scientific name for seahorses is hippocampus.
智者号 海马科的科学名称为海马科.
That name comes from two ancient Greek words: hippos, meaning “horse,” and kampos, meaning “sea monster.”
这个名字出自两个古希腊语词:河马,意为"马";克姆波斯,意为"海怪". “
A pair of seahorses stay together for life.
一对海马永远在一起
Funny Kind of Fish Seahorses are closely related to pipefish— skinny fish with long snouts—and have some of the same features.
有趣的是"鱼海马"(Fish Seaors)与"管鱼"——有长鼻子的瘦鱼——密切相关,也有一些相同的特征.
They both have small fins and eyes that move separately.
它们都有细小的鳍和分别移动的眼睛.
Neither one has teeth.
没有人有牙齿。
In other ways, though, these fishy cousins are quite different.
在其他方面,虽然这些有鱼味的表亲是相当不同的.
Pipefish look like skinny tubes.
管鱼看起来像瘦管.
They’re longer than they are tall.
他们比他们高。
Pipefish hold themselves horizontally, as most fish do.
管道鱼像大多数鱼一样水平地自持.
Seahorses are just the opposite.
海马正好相反
They hold themselves upright as they move through the water.
它们在水中移动时站起脚来
Honshu pipefish Another big difference is in the body parts that give seahorses their name.
洪须管鱼 另一个很大的区别是身体部分给出海马的名字.
Seahorses have bumps called spines that run along the top and back of their head like a horse’s mane.
海马会起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起
Their snout looks like the muzzle and nose of a horse.
他们的鼻子看起来像一匹马的口和鼻子
They also have a long tail.
它们的尾巴也很长.
All of the more than forty types of seahorses have this body structure, but their size varies.
40多类海马都有这种身体结构,但体型不同.
The tiny pygmy seahorse measures about 2 centimeters (just under 1 in.)
细小的俾格米海马能测量出大约2公分(刚不到一英寸).
The Pacific seahorse can grow up to 31 centimeters (1 ft.)
太平洋海马可长至31厘米(1英尺).
long.
长.
Seahorses also come in different colors, ranging from purple to gold to white.
海马也以不同的颜色出现,从紫色到金色到白色.
They often change color as well.
它们经常也会改变颜色。
Where Seahorses Live Seahorses live in warm waters along coastlines around the world.
海马活海马生活的地方,分布于世界各地海岸线一带的温暖水域.
They nest in kelp forests and beds of eelgrass in places that have steady currents.
它们筑巢于海藻森林和有稳定海流的地方的鳗草床.
These weedy areas are full of tiny plankton and shrimp larvae, foods seahorses like to eat.
这些杂草地区域充满了细小的浮游生物和虾幼虫,食物有海马喜欢吃.
The moving waters bring them food, which is important since they can’t swim great distances to hunt.
移动的水域给他们带来食物,
Seahorses sometimes move to deeper water during storms to avoid rough waves.
海马有时会移动到风暴期间更深的水中来避免粗糙的海浪.
Usually, though, they stay within a set area.
不过，它们通常会待在一个固定区域内。
A female’s territory may be up to 100 square meters (1,076 sq.
女性的国土面积可达100平方米(1,076平方公里)。
ft.)
ft.) (中文(简体) ).
A male’s range is only a fraction of that size.
雄性的范围只是这个尺寸的一小部分。
Seahorses live in warm waters in most parts of the world.
海马在世界大部分地区都活在暖水中.
NORTH AMERICA ATLANTIC OCEAN PACIFIC OCEAN PACIFIC OCEAN INDIAN OCEAN SOUTH AMERICA AFRICA EUROPE ASIA AUSTRALIA SOURCE: PROJECT SEAHORSE seahorse range Where Seahorses Live Unique Adaptations A seahorse has an unusual body for a fish.
北美-大洋洲-印度洋-印度洋-印度洋-南美洲-欧洲-澳大利亚资源:项目海岸 海马范围 Seahorss Live 独特适应 海马对鱼有不寻常的身体
It has an exoskeleton—a hard, armor-like covering with skin on top of it.
它有一个外骨骼- 一个坚硬的,类似装甲的覆盖 上面有皮肤。
Its exoskeleton helps the seahorse defend against predators and protects its internal organs from harm.
它的外骨骼能帮助海马抵御掠食者,并保护其内脏免受伤害.
Attached to its back is a small dorsal fin that flutters as fast as a hummingbird’s wings.
背部被附着着着一个小的多索鳍,会像蜂鸟的翅膀一样快地发作.
That fluttering fin is not strong enough to move seahorses away from hungry crabs or sea rays quickly.
飞鳍不够强 无法快速移动海马 远离饥饿的螃蟹或海射线
Seahorses are not fast swimmers.
海马不是游泳快手
In fact, the tiny pygmy seahorse is one of the slowest-moving fish on Earth, with a top speed of only 1.
事实上,细小的俾格米海马是地球上移动速度最慢的鱼类之一,最高速度只有一.
5 meters (5 ft.)
5米(5英尺)长.
per hour.
每小时。
For the most part, seahorses are drifters, letting ocean currents carry them along.
大部分海马都是漂流者 让洋流随波逐流
A Denise’s pygmy seahorse, one of the smallest kinds of seahorses, is found in Indonesia.
丹妮丝的一匹俾克米海马,
Having a prehensile tail comes in handy for these seaweed dwellers.
拥有一尾的尾巴对海藻居民有好处。
Seahorses can wrap their prehensile tail around something and grip it as a hand can.
海马可以把尾巴包在东西上 像手一样抓住它
Seahorses use their tail to hold themselves in place.
海马会用尾巴来控制自己
Hanging on to seagrass keeps seahorses from being swept away by swift currents.
挂在海草上可以防止海马被快水流冲走.
Camouflage is an important part of seahorse defense.
Camouflage是海马防御的重要组成部分.
Seahorses have adapted to survive by using color to blend in with their surroundings.
海马通过使用颜色与周围环境相融合来适应生存.
Seahorse skin has special groups of cells called chromatophores.
海马皮有特殊的细胞群叫色素磷.
The cells change color according to signals from the body.
细胞会根据从身体发出的信号来改变颜色.
Two cousins of seahorses—leafy and weedy seadragons—have growths that look like leaves.
两个海马的表弟——叶子和杂草的海龙——生长得像叶子。
These growths make them especially hard to see in a kelp forest!
这些生长使它们特别难在海藻森林中看到!
The leafy sea dragon, from Australia, is a master of camouflage!
叶出海龙从澳洲来 有迷彩之才!
Looking for prey is easy thanks to a seahorse’s unusual eyes.
寻找猎物很容易,
Its eyes work independently and can look in two different directions at once.
它的眼睛独立工作,可以同时从两个不同的方向看.
When a seahorse spots prey, it points its snout toward its target and uses it like a straw to suck in food.
当一头海马发现猎物时, 它把鼻子指向目标, 像吸管一样吸食食物。
A seahorse can eat only what will fit through its thin snout since it has no teeth and can’t chew.
海马只吃能穿入其细长的鼻子的食物,
Eating Like a Horse!
像马一样吃!
Seahorses can take in only the smallest bits of food, so they must eat often—up to fifty times a day!
海马只能吃到最小的食物,所以它们必须经常吃,每天最多吃50次!
Seahorses have good vision and can see objects as far as 4.
海马视力良好,能看见远至4个物体.
6 meters (15 ft.)
6米(15平方英尺) f.
away.
离开。
Dad Moms Seahorses are unique not just in how they look but also in how they reproduce.
爸爸妈妈 海马不仅在外观上,而且在繁殖上都是独特的.
Males and females take roles that are quite different from those of other animal species.
雄性和雌性扮演的角色与其他动物物种的角色大相径庭.
It’s the male seahorses, or stallions, that give birth!
是雄性海马或种马生下孩子!
Seahorses and pipefish are the only animals that do this.
海马和管鱼是唯一这样做的动物.
First, a seahorse couple pairs off and dances together for several days.
首先,一对海马夫妇 并一起跳舞几天。
In this mating dance, they circle each other or swim side by side, changing colors to communicate.
在这种交配舞中,它们会相互圆相或并肩游泳,改变颜色来交流.
They may grasp each other with their tails.
它们可能用尾巴来抓住对方.
Some seahorse pairs bond for life.
一些海马对联终身。
A pair of tiger-tail seahorses mate.
一对虎尾海马配.
A stallion has a pouch, not unlike a kangaroo’s.
野马有口袋,
When the time is right, the female places as many as 1,500 eggs into the pouch.
时机成熟时,雌鸟会把多达1500个鸡蛋放入邮袋.
The stallion fertilizes the eggs and holds them in his pouch for about forty-five days.
种马会给鸡蛋受精,并把它放在他的邮袋里约四十五天.
During that time, the female checks on him to make sure all is well.
在此期间,女性检查他 确保一切都好。
A male with a pouchful of eggs guards his territory.
一个带着一袋鸡蛋的雄性守卫着他的领地
He puffs himself up to look as large as he can to scare off predators.
他把自己抬高起来 尽可能大地吓跑捕食者
Over time, the eggs develop into baby seahorses called fry, which look just like their parents.
随着时间的推移,卵会发展成被称作"煎"的海马宝宝,它们看起来就像他们的父母.
When the fry are ready, the stallion squeezes them out of his pouch into the water.
等煎好后,马匹从他的邮袋里挤出来放入水中.
Then they swim off on their own.
然后他们自己去游泳
Depending on the species, seahorses can give birth to more than a thousand babies at a time.
根据物种的不同,海马一次可以生出一千多个婴儿.
However, only about one in twenty will survive to become adults.
然而,只有大约20分之一的人能够活到成年。
Those that do may live up to about five years.
这样做的人可以活到五年左右。
A male seahorse gives birth.
一只雄性海马生下孩子
Surviving Against All Odds Only a small number of fry grow into adults.
克服各种困难 只有少量的煎饼会长成成人.
That number may not be enough to sustain seahorse populations, however.
然而,这一数字可能不足以维持海马种群。
Adult seahorses are in danger, not just from natural predators but also from humans.
成年海马处于危险之中,不仅来自自然掠食者,也来自人类.
Boats, especially those used for commercial fishing, present a real threat to seahorses.
船只,特别是用于商业捕鱼的船只,对海马构成了真正的威胁。
These boats may drag nets or anchors across the ocean floor, which uproots sea plants important to seahorse survival.
这些船只可能拖网或锚地穿过洋底,而洋底是海马生存的重要根基。
The anchors may also destroy seahorse habitat, reducing their numbers.
锚还可能破坏海马栖息地,减少其数量.
Since seahorses are not distance swimmers and have limited ranges, they are less likely to seek out new habitats once their home is destroyed.
由于海马不是远距离游泳者,而且射程有限,一旦家园被摧毁,它们就不太可能寻找出新的栖息地.
Another threat comes from people who hunt seahorses.
另一种威胁来自猎取海马的人.
People haul them in using nets.
人们用网把它拖走
Seahorses are in great demand for several reasons.
海马的需求很大,原因有几个。
They are used for traditional medicine, and they’re also collected and sold as ornaments.
也作为装饰品收集并出售。
People bring them ashore and place them in the hot sun to dry out.
人们把他们带到岸上,放入炎热的太阳去干燥.
Their bodies are sold to companies that use them as decorations.
他们的身体被出售给使用来作装饰的公司.
Live seahorses are also sold as pets.
活海马也作为宠物出售.
Their unusual appearance makes them a popular addition to aquariums.
它们不寻常的外表使得它们成为了水族馆的受欢迎的添加.
Seahorses do not last long living in home fish tanks.
海马在家中的鱼缸里活不了多久。
Most die within weeks because of stress or disease.
大多数人在几周内会因为压力或疾病而死亡。
Conservationists have found that the best way to help seahorses is to educate people about them.
保护者发现帮助海马的最好方法是教育人们了解它们.
Not only are they beautiful creatures, but they are also important to ocean ecology.
它们不仅是美丽的生物,对海洋生态也很重要.
Their feeding habits help to keep a healthy balance of sea life around coral reefs and grass beds.
他们的喂养习惯有助于在珊瑚礁和草床周围保持海洋生活的健康平衡.
A Seahorse City A retired schoolteacher named Roger Hanson was a regular diver off the California coast.
海马城 一位叫罗杰·汉森的退休学校教师 是加州海岸外的普通潜水员
He wanted to study and protect the seahorses he saw on his dives.
他想学习和保护他潜水时看到的海马.
He created a “seahorse city” on the ocean floor with pine branches and palm leaves.
他在洋底上用松树枝和棕榈叶建立了一个“海马城市”。
He built this safe environment far from the beach to give seahorses a place to live without the risk of being trampled.
他建造了这个远离海滩的安全环境,为海马们提供一个没有被践踏风险的生活地.
Conclusion Seahorses are amazing ocean dwellers.
结论 海马是惊人的海洋居民。
They are shy creatures that hide among the weeds and try to stay out of sight.
他们是害羞的生物 躲在杂草中 试图远离视线。
If you are lucky enough to spot a seahorse in the wild, move slowly.
如果你幸运地在野外发现一头海马的话 慢慢行动
Do not disturb it.
别打扰它
Take a quiet moment to admire and appreciate its unique beauty, then go on your way.
静静片刻去欣赏和欣赏它的独特美,然后继续走.
These beautiful creatures are a delight to see in oceans all over the world.
这些美丽的生物是全世界海洋的乐趣。
Their gentle nature and unusual characteristics make seahorses among nature’s most unusual treasures.
它们的温和和不寻常的特性使海马成为了自然界最不寻常的珍宝.
Look but don’t touch!
但别碰!
A scuba diver respectfully observes a long-snouted seahorse near Singer Island, Florida.
潜水员尊敬地观察着佛罗里达州辛格岛附近的一头长鼻出海马.
Glossary adapted (v.)
调整后的词汇表(五)
changed to fit a new environment (p.
改为适应新环境(p.
9) camouflage (n.)
9) 伪装(n.)
the colors, patterns, or shapes of an animal’s body that allow it to blend into the background or hide (p.
动物身体的颜色、图案或形状,使其能混入背景或隐藏(p.
9) conservationists (n.)
9) 保护主义者 (n.