Vikings
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Introduction.
导言。
4 Viking Warriors.
4个维京勇士.
7 Discovering a New Land.
7"发现一地".
10 Eric the Red.
10 Eric the Red. (英语).
12 Leif Ericson.
12 (英语). Leif Ericson.
14 Other Viking Conquests.
14 其他维京征服.
18 Glossary.
18 词汇。
20 Introdu Ct Ion When you hear the word Vikings, do you think of warriors or do you think of explorers?
20 木卫一 当你听到维京人这个词时,你会想到战士还是会想到探险家?
Do you think of merchants or do you think of poets?
你想商家还是想诗人?
The Vikings were all of these things.
维京人就是这些东西
They were also scientists, farmers, and fisherfolk.
他们也是科学家、农民和渔民。
They were courageous fighters who loved to explore the world.
他们是勇于探索世界的战士
The Viking Age began about twelve hundred years ago.
维京人 年龄开始于大约1200年前.
The Vikings came from the coastal lands in northern Europe that are now the countries of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark.
维京人出自北欧的沿海地,现为挪威,瑞典和丹麦等地.
The Vikings were used to cold weather and learned to sail and fight at an early age.
维京人习惯了寒冷的天气,并学会了早起起起航并出战.
Their ships were fast and could carry many warriors.
他们的舰只速度快,可以搭载许多战士.
Over time, the Vikings’ spirit of exploration and adventure led them to places all around Europe.
随着时间的推移,维京人的探索和冒险精神使他们来到了欧洲各地。
It even led them to discover new lands that no one in Europe knew existed.
这甚至导致他们发现了欧洲没有人知道的新地.
They seized land along the western coast of Europe.
他们夺取了欧洲西海岸一带的土地.
They even conquered land along the Mediterranean Sea.
他们甚至征服了地中海一带的土地.
Vikings also went east into what is now Russia.
维京人也东入了现在的俄罗斯.
Some Vikings sailed far west over the ocean, eventually reaching North America.
一些维京人远道而西地航行于海洋上,最终到达了北美.
And they did so hundreds of years before Christopher Columbus was even born.
在克里斯多夫·哥伦布出生前数百年 他们都这么做了
The Vikings’ navigation skills, courage, and sturdy ships led them to discover and develop rich new lands.
维京人的航海技巧、勇气和坚固的船舶使他们发现并开发了丰富的新地。
VIk Ing Warr Iors Vikings are often pictured as tall, muscular people wearing helmets with horns.
Vik Ing Warr Iors (英语:Vik Ing Warr Iors) (美国英语). 维京人常常被描绘为高高,肌肉强壮的人戴着有角的头盔.
In fact, many Viking helmets were decorated, but they most likely did not have horns.
事实上,许多维京人头盔被装饰,但他们最有可能没有角.
Metal helmets were expensive, and leather caps and shields were a much more common form of defense.
金属头盔很昂贵,而皮帽和盾牌是一种更常见的防御形式.
Some Vikings also used mail shirts for protection.
一些维京人也使用邮件衬衫进行保护.
The spear and the axe were the most common Viking weapons.
长矛和斧头是最常见的维京武器.
Many warriors also used swords, knives, or bows.
许多战士还使用剑,刀,或弓.
Berserkers were special Viking warriors who fought without wearing any armor.
贝塞尔人很特别 维京勇士无所穿甲出战.
They often wore the skins of bears or wolves and fought in a rage so great that they would ignore any wounds they received during battle.
他们常常穿戴熊或狼的皮肤并愤怒地战斗,以至于他们忽略了在战斗中受到的任何伤口.
The Vikings liked to tell stories and create poems about their achievements and battles.
维京人喜欢讲述故事并创作关于自己成就和战斗的诗作.
Many of these Viking tales have been preserved in heroic tales known as sagas.
许多这些维京人的故事被保存在被称作"沙加"的英雄故事中.
In Viking culture, land was handed down from a father to his firstborn son.
在维京文化中,土地由父亲传给了长子.
Younger sons received no land.
年轻的儿子没有土地。
They could either work for the oldest brother or strike out on their own to seek fame and fortune elsewhere.
他们要么为长兄工作,要么独自出征去别处取名取利。
Most young Viking men were well trained as warriors.
最年轻的 维京人被训练为战士
Many of them did not want to work on the land of the oldest brother.
他们中许多人不想在长兄的土地上工作。
The stories of rich lands within sailing distance drew them away from their homeland.
在远航中富饶的土地的故事把他们引出家园.
Viking warriors invaded other countries with quick attacks from the sea.
维京勇士从海上发动了快速出击,入侵了其他国家.
Their fast boats were called dragons because they often had a carved dragon’s head rising from the bow.
他们的快艇被叫作"龙",因为他们经常有被雕刻的龙头从弓起而起.
The dragon’s head warned others of the fierce warriors on board.
龙头警告其他人船上有凶猛的战士.
Despite all the stories about the warlike Vikings, not all Vikings were warriors or stayed warriors.
尽管有许多关于战争般的维京人的故事,但并非所有的维京人都是战士或留下来的战士.
Viking warriors often settled down to live peacefully in the lands they conquered.
维京勇士常常在所征服的土地上安顿下来和平地生活.
They became farmers or traders.
他们成为农民或商人。
These former warriors lived much like other people of those lands.
这些前战士和那些地方的其他人一样活了下来
They became peaceful citizens.
他们成为和平的公民。
One brave Viking, Gardard Svavarsson, sailed beyond the seas where other Europeans had settled.
一个勇敢的维京人Gardard Svavarsson出海出海,其他欧洲人在此定居.
His travels took him far to the north and west.
他的出行将他带到了南北两地.
After many days at sea, he found a large island.
在出海多日后,他发现了一个大岛.
Today, the island he discovered is known as Iceland.
今天他所发现的岛屿被称为"冰岛".
Iceland became the home for people who were banished by the first king of Norway.
冰岛成为被挪威第一任国王放逐的人的家园.
At that time, Norway was ruled by a very strict king.
当时挪威由非常严格的国王统治.
His rules were harsh.
他的规矩很严厉
Many people were unhappy.
许多人不高兴。
The king feared being attacked by these people.
国王害怕受到这些人的攻击.
He ordered anyone who wouldn’t follow his rules to leave Norway.
他命令任何不遵守他规则的人离开挪威。
Viking longships were built with the same shape at both ends.
维京长舰两端造型相同.
Vikings could jump in the ship and row away from shore.
维京人可以跳上船 从岸上划去
They didn’t have to turn the ship around to leave.
他们不必绕船离开。
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
These families left Norway and many sailed to Iceland.
这些家庭离开挪威,许多人出海去冰岛.
They built a village there.
他们在那里建了个村庄。
Within fifty years, four hundred people lived in this new island country.
五十年内,有四百人生活在这个新岛国.
The new settlers in Iceland wanted choice in their lives.
冰岛的新定居者希望有选择。
They didn’t want a king.
他们不想有一个国王。
They created a democracy.
他们创造了一个民主。
In a democratic government, people can vote.
在民主政府中,人民可以投票.
People vote on ideas, laws, and rulers.
人们投票 思想,法律和统治者。
Usually the idea or person with the most votes wins.
通常由得票最多的想法或个人取胜.
Iceland continued to attract strong, brave people.
冰岛继续吸引强大而勇敢的人.
Iceland eventually grew to become one of the happiest and most successful countries in the world.
冰岛最终成长为世界上最幸福和最成功的国家之一.
To many people, Iceland seemed an ideal place to live.
对许多人来说,冰岛似乎是一个理想的居住地。
But not everyone fit in there.
但并不是每个人都适合在那里。
Most people in Iceland wanted a peaceful life.
冰岛大多数人都希望过上和平的生活.
One man, named Eric the Red, was often in trouble with the authorities.
一人被取名"红色埃里克",经常被当局惹上麻烦.
One day he killed three men in a fight.
一天他在一场战斗中杀了三个人.
The officials of Iceland grew tired of Eric and ordered him to leave.
冰岛官员对埃里克渐渐感到厌倦并命令他离开.
Eric decided to look for a new home.
埃里克决定寻找一个新的家.
He had heard rumors of a new land even farther to the west than Iceland.
他听到的谣言是,在冰岛以西更远的地方有一片新地。
He sailed off to search for this unknown place.
他启程寻找这个未知的地方
Eric the Red was named for his thick red hair.
红色的埃里克因其浓红发被取名.
Eric the Red found the new land after only two days!
Eric the Red在两天后发现了新地!
He wanted other people to come to live there, so he told them stories about how green it was.
他想让其他人来住在那里, 所以他告诉他们关于它有多绿色的故事。
He named this new land he had found Greenland.
他给这个他发现的格陵兰新地命名了.
He led a group of twenty-five ships full of people who wanted to live in Greenland.
他率领由25艘满载想活在格陵兰人的船只组成的一队.
The seas were very rough, and several ships sank, while others were forced to turn back.
海水非常粗糙,有几艘船沉没了,而有的则被强迫回转.
Fourteen ships arrived safely.
有14艘船安全抵达。
The people built two new communities.
人民建设了两个新社区.
They set up a democratic government as they had in Iceland.
他们像在冰岛那样建立了一个民主政府。
Within ten years, nearly 3,000 people had come to live in Greenland.
在10年内,有近3 000人来到格陵兰居住。
Today, about 56,000 people live there.
今天,大约有56,000人生活在那里。
Perhaps the most famous Viking was a son of Eric the Red.
也许最出名的维京人是"红色"的埃里克之子.
His name was Leif (pronounced leaf).
他的名字叫Leif(发音为"叶").
Since he was the second son, he wasn’t given land to farm from his father.
由于他是次子,
Family farms went to the oldest sons.
家庭农场投靠了长子.
Leif wasn’t sure what he wanted to do with his life.
Leif并不知道自己想做什么。
He decided to sail to Norway to look for work.
他决定出海去挪威找工作.
Nine hundred common English words come from the Viking language.
九百个常见的英语单词出自维京语.
Some of the words are sky, skin, scrape, skirt, husband, bubble, and window.
有的字有"天","相","相","相","相"等.
Leif Ericson is one of the most famous explorers in history.
莱夫·埃里克森是历史上最出名的探险家之一.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
While in Norway, Leif heard a strange story.
在挪威期间,莱夫听到一个奇怪的故事.
A trader said his ship had been caught in a bad storm.
一位商人说他的船被困在了一场恶劣的风暴中.
He had been blown far off his course.
他被吹得离航道很远。
While trying to find his way back home, he got lost.
在试图找到回家的路时,他迷路了.
He saw a coast that wasn’t on his map.
他在地图上没有看到海岸。
He didn’t know exactly where he had been.
他不知道自己去了哪里。
But the trader described the coast clearly.
但商人清楚地描述了海岸.
Leif Ericson bought the man’s ship.
Leif Ericson购买了此人的船.
He and a small crew sailed to find this mysterious coast.
他和一群小船员出海寻找这个神秘的海岸.
One day, they saw a place that looked like the coast the man talked about.
有一天,他们看到一个地方 看起来像他谈论的海岸。
They found vines with fruit growing there, so they called the place Vinland.
他们在那里发现了有果实生长的藤蔓,因此他们把这里称为"文兰".
Today, no one knows exactly where Vinland was.
今天 没人知道Vinland在哪里
But archaeologists have discovered a small Viking outpost in Newfoundland, Canada, that was settled at about this time.
但考古学家在加拿大纽芬兰发现了一个小型维京前哨站,这个前哨站大约此时就已经安顿了.
Leif and his crew built a house.
莱夫和他的船员建造了房子.
They spent the winter in Vinland.
他们在文兰度过了冬天.
On the way home the next year, they found a wrecked trading ship.
在来年回家的路上,他们发现了一艘被撞倒的贸易船.
As a reward for saving the crew, Leif was given all the ship’s cargo.
作为拯救船员的奖励,莱夫得到了舰上的所有货物.
People started to call him Leif the Lucky.
人们开始叫他"幸运者莱夫"
But after that adventure, Leif stayed home.
但那次冒险之后,莱夫留在了家里.
Leif never went on another voyage.
莱夫再也没去过一次航行
Two years later, his younger brother asked a favor.
两年后,他弟弟请求帮忙.
He wanted to borrow Leif’s ship.
他想借用莱夫的船。
He wanted to see for himself this new land that Leif had found.
他想亲眼看看莱夫找到的新地
Leif’s brother and his crew explored the coast of Vinland for over two years.
莱夫的兄弟和他的船员在文兰的海岸探索了两年多.
They used Leif’s former winter house as a base.
他们把莱夫以前的冬季住宅作为基地.
This stone was used as a mold to make both metal Christian crosses and the Hammer of Thor symbol (the center shape).
这块石头被作为模具来制作金属基督教十字架和托尔的锤子符号(中心形状).
Thor was a powerful Viking god.
托尔是一个强大的维京神.
Some of their explorations were tragic.
他们的一些探索是悲惨的。
Their arrival frightened the native people.
他们的到来吓到了当地人。
Small fights happened.
发生了一些小事
But then, men from the ship’s crew killed several native fishermen without reason.
但随后,船员无故杀害了几名本地渔民。
Striking back a few days later, angry native men attacked a group of Vikings.
几天后 愤怒的当地人袭击了一群维京人
In the fight, Leif’s brother was wounded by an arrow.
在战斗中,莱夫的兄弟被一箭所伤.
He died there, and his body was buried in Vinland.
他死在那里,他的尸体被埋葬在文兰.
He became the first European known to have died and been buried in North America.
他成为已知最早已经去世并被安葬于北美的欧洲人.
For about 275 years, the Vikings swept across Europe in wave after wave.
大约275年,维京人一波又一地横扫了欧洲.
Many were hungry to fight and greedy for riches.
许多人饥渴地争取财富。
They built trade stations along European rivers all the way to the Mediterranean Sea.
他们沿着欧洲河流建立了通向地中海的贸易站.
Viking explorers and raiders even traveled to the Middle East and Asia.
维京探险家和突袭者甚至前往中东和亚洲.
The Vikings were very skilled.
维京人很能干
They could do many things well.
他们可以做很多好事
They were great warriors, sailors, and explorers.
他们是伟大的战士,水手和探险家。
Their conquests left lasting marks on world history.
他们的征服给世界历史留下了持久的印记。
They will always be remembered for their bravery and strength in battle as well as for their explorations of new lands.
人们将永远铭记他们在战斗中的勇敢和力量,以及他们对新地的探索。
Wagons, furniture, horses, and foods were some of the items known to have been buried with their Viking owners.
瓦贡斯,家具,马匹,和食物是已知与他们的维京地主一起被埋葬的一些物品.