Thomas Jefferson
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents And the Winner Is.
内容表和赢家是。
4 A Lover of Words.
4"相爱"词.
5 A Taxing Time.
5 征税时间。
7 Writings That Shaped the United States.
7作"塑造了美国".
10 First, Second, Third.
10 第1,第2,第3话.
13 Returning to His Roots.
13"归根".
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 And the Winner Is.
16 而取胜者为.
December 3, 1800, was Election Day in the United States of America.
1800年12月3日是美国的选举日.
Four candidates were running for president, but when the votes were counted, there was no winner!
4名候选人竞选总统,但计票时没有胜出!.
It took more than two months and thirty-six votes by the House of Representatives to declare one.
众议院用了两个多月和36票才宣布一票。
In the end, the winner was Thomas Jefferson.
最后获胜的是托马斯·杰斐逊.
As president of the United States, Jefferson would help the young country thrive.
作为美国总统,杰斐逊会帮助年轻国家繁荣.
Yet long before he was elected, Jefferson had already served his country.
然而早在他当选之前,杰斐逊就已经为他的国家服务了.
He was one of its Founding Fathers who led the American colonies to independence from Great Britain.
他是其开国元勋之一,带领美国殖民地从大不列颠独立.
He wrote the Declaration of Independence— one of the most important documents in American history.
他撰写了"独立宣言"——美国历史上最重要的文件之一.
Jefferson’s thoughts and words would shape the United States forever.
杰斐逊的想法和言论将永远塑造美国。
A Lover of Words Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743, at Shadwell, his family’s plantation in Virginia.
1743年4月13日,沃斯·托马斯·杰斐逊(英语:Thomas Jefferson)的情人生于他家族在弗吉尼亚州的种植园沙德威尔.
He was the third of six children born to Jane and Peter Jefferson.
他是简和彼得·杰斐逊所生的六个孩子中的第三个.
At the time, Virginia was one of the thirteen colonies in North America under the rule of Great Britain.
当时,弗吉尼亚是大不列颠统治下的北美十三个殖民地之一.
Peter Jefferson was a member of the House of Burgesses.
彼得·杰斐逊是布尔格塞斯家族的成员.
This was the first assembly in North America elected to make local laws.
这是北美第一次当选制定地方法律的议会.
He was also a successful farmer, land surveyor, and mapmaker.
他也是一位成功的农民,土地测量师和地图制作人.
Peter owned a large amount of land and kept slaves.
彼得拥有大量土地并保留了奴隶.
The Jefferson home included a library with twenty-nine books.
杰斐逊故居包括了一座图书馆,藏有29本图书.
That was a large number for a personal library at the time.
这对当时的一个私人图书馆来说是一大堆。
By Thomas’s sixth birthday, he had read them all.
到托马斯的六岁生日时,他已经读了全部.
Thomas was a shy redheaded boy who loved the outdoors and music, but he loved to read more than anything else.
托马斯是一个害羞的红发男孩,他喜欢户外和音乐,但他喜欢阅读的比其他任何东西多.
He was always reading and thinking, even before he started school at age nine.
他总是读书思考,甚至在他9岁开始上学之前.
He also liked to write down his thoughts rather than speak them.
他还喜欢记下自己的想法,而不是说这些想法.
In 1757, when Thomas was fourteen, his father died.
1757年,托马斯十四岁时,他的父亲去世.
Thomas was heartbroken, but he continued his schooling.
托马斯心碎了,但他继续学业.
Three years later, he went to William and Mary College.
三年后他进入了威廉和玛丽学院.
After that, he studied law.
后修习法行.
Jefferson and Slaves Plantation owners used slaves to work their land.
杰斐逊和奴隶种植园主利用奴隶来耕种地.
Jefferson’s father had forty slaves.
杰斐逊的父亲有四十个奴隶.
Jefferson inherited those slaves when his father died.
杰斐逊在父亲死后继承了这些奴隶.
He eventually would own several hundred.
他最终会拥有几百个
Jefferson believed that slavery was wrong, but he never freed his slaves.
杰斐逊认为奴隶制是错误的,但他从未释放出奴隶.
Slavery was abolished in the United States in 1865, thirty-nine years after Jefferson died.
1865年美国废除了奴隶制,即杰斐逊去世后39年.
A Taxing Time In 1767, Jefferson began to practice law.
1767年的"征税时间"(A Taxing Time),杰斐逊开始执业于法律.
The next year, he became a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses.
次年出任弗吉尼亚州布尔格塞斯院议员.
Jefferson did an excellent job of thinking through and preparing his law cases.
杰斐逊在思考和准备他的法律案件方面做了出色的工作.
He was not a great speaker, though.
但他不是个伟大的演说家。
In the House of Burgesses, Jefferson was very quiet, but he became known for writing important documents.
在布尔格塞斯宫,杰斐逊非常安静,但他以撰写重要文件而出名.
Jefferson’s career began at a time when tensions were growing between Great Britain and her colonies.
杰斐逊的生涯开始于大不列颠和她的殖民地之间日益紧张的时期.
British lawmakers were imposing many rules on the colonies and making the colonists pay high taxes.
英国立法者将许多规则强加给殖民地,并让殖民者缴纳高额税.
The colonists were angry that people who lived so far away were making decisions about their lives.
殖民者愤怒地说,生活在如此远处的人们正在决定自己的生活。
The colonists wanted to have representatives in the British government.
殖民者想在英国政府中有代表.
They believed there should be “no taxation without representation.”
他们认为,“没有代表,就不得征税。 “
The British government refused to give the colonists a voice in making laws.
英国政府拒绝给予殖民者在制定法律方面的声音.
The colonists held many protests, and Great Britain sent troops to the colonies to keep the peace.
殖民者举行了多起抗议活动,大不列颠派了军队去殖民地维持和平.
Jefferson was among those who thought the British government was being unfair.
杰斐逊是那些认为英国政府不公平的人之一.
He thought government had a responsibility to take care of and help its citizens.
他认为政府有责任照顾和帮助公民.
In 1769, Jefferson voted to stop buying British goods as a way to protest the British government’s high taxes.
1769年,杰斐逊投票决定停止购买英国商品来抗议英国政府的高税收.
Great Britain, however, continued to impose rules and high taxes on the colonists.
然而,大不列颠继续将规则和高税强加给殖民者.
The colonists grew so frustrated that they decided to meet to discuss the situation.
殖民者越来越沮丧,决定开会讨论局势.
Monticello: The Jefferson Family Home In 1769, Jefferson started building his dream home on a mountaintop in Virginia.
蒙地塞罗: 杰弗逊家庭之家 1769年,杰斐逊开始在弗吉尼亚的一座山顶上建造自己的梦想家园.
He designed the home himself and called it Monticello.
他亲自设计了家并取名"蒙蒂切洛".
On New Year’s Day in 1772, Jefferson married Martha Skelton and brought her to live at Monticello, which was still being built.
1772年元旦,杰斐逊与玛莎·斯克顿(Martha Skelton)结婚并带她到仍在建造的蒙蒂塞洛居住.
The house was a labor of love for Jefferson.
那所房子是杰斐逊的爱之所
He kept redesigning it and adding to it for forty years.
他持续重新设计并添加了40年.
In 1774, representatives from almost every colony went to Philadelphia to take part in the First Continental Congress.
1774年,来自几乎每一个殖民地的代表去费城参加第一次大陆大会.
The Congress declared that the colonies were loyal to Great Britain.
大会宣布殖民地忠于大不列颠.
At the same time, they argued that Parliament should not be allowed to tax them.
同时,他们认为,不应允许议会对他们征税。
Great Britain did not stop the taxes, and tensions continued to grow.
大不列颠没有停止收税,紧张局势继续加剧.
On April 19, 1775, armed citizens of Massachusetts fought the British Army.
1775年4月19日,马萨诸塞州武装公民出战英国陆军.
This was the start of the Revolutionary War.
这是革命战争的开始.
A Second Continental Congress was called.
第二次大陆大会被召集.
Writings That Shaped the United States Thomas Jefferson attended the Second Continental Congress as the representative from Virginia.
写道美国托马斯·杰斐逊作为弗吉尼亚州的代表出席了第二届大陆大会.
At the Congress, Jefferson met leading thinkers from the other colonies, including John Adams from Boston.
在国会上,杰斐逊遇到了其他殖民地的主要思想家,包括来自波士顿的约翰·亚当斯.
The two became close friends.
两人成为了亲密的朋友.
The Congress decided that the colonies had to declare their independence from Great Britain.
国会决定殖民地必须宣布从大不列颠独立.
A brilliantly written document was needed to inspire the colonists.
需要一份出色的书面文件来激励殖民者。
Adams knew that Jefferson was an exceptional writer and insisted he write the document.
亚当斯知道杰斐逊是一个非凡的作家,并坚持他写出文件.
Jefferson went to work in his small rented room in Philadelphia.
杰斐逊去费城的他租来的小房间工作.
Within seventeen days, he had a draft of the Declaration of Independence.
17天内,他有独立宣言的草案.
The Declaration of Independence Many of Jefferson’s own beliefs went into the Declaration of Independence.
Jefferson自己的许多信仰都加入了独立宣言。
One of the parts most quoted today reads: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”
今天引用最多的一段内容是:“我们认为这些真理是不言自明的,所有人都是平等的,他们是由造物主赋予某些不可剥夺的权利的,其中包括生命、自由和追求幸福。 “
The painting The Shot Heard ‘Round the World depicts the first shots fired as British soldiers marched toward Concord, Massachusetts.
画作"The Shot heard"(The Shot Heard `Round the World)描绘了英国士兵向马萨诸塞州康科德行进时所发射的第一枪.
The Second Continental Congress approved the Declaration on July 4, 1776.
第二届大陆大会于1776年7月4日批准了宣言.
It was America’s Independence Day!
今天是美国独立日!
The Revolutionary War, however, would not end until 1783.
然而革命战争直到1783年才会结束.
Jefferson returned to Virginia after the Declaration of Independence was approved.
杰斐逊在"独立宣言"被批准后回到了弗吉尼亚.
He was elected to Virginia’s House of Delegates (formerly the House of Burgesses), where he served until 1779.
他入选了弗吉尼亚州代表院(前身为布尔格塞斯院),在那里任职到1779年.
He ended the unfair law in which the oldest son received all of a family’s wealth when his father died.
他结束了父亲去世时年长的儿子获得家庭财富的不公正法律。
He argued that all white males had the right to an education, no matter their background, and wrote laws setting up free public schools.
他主张所有白人男性,无论背景如何,都有受教育的权利,并写出法律来建立免费的公立学校.
He also wrote the Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom.
他还撰写了"弗吉尼亚宗教自由章程".
Jefferson put many of his personal beliefs about religion into the Statute.
杰斐逊将他对于宗教的许多个人信仰写入了规约.
He believed that people should be free to practice whatever religion they wanted.
他认为,人们应该自由地信奉他们想要的任何宗教。
He also believed in a “separation of church and state.”
他还相信“教会和国家分离”。 “
According to Jefferson, religion and government were two very separate things.
杰斐逊认为,宗教和政府是两个非常独立的事物.
He did not think either one should have power over the other.
他认为任何一方都不应该对另一方拥有权力。
These were fairly new ideas at the time.
这些是当时相当新的想法。
In 1801, Jefferson became America’s third president.
1801年,杰斐逊出任美国第三任总统.
He served two terms for a total of eight years.
他一共任职了2个任期8年.
During that time, he cut the country’s debt in half.
在此期间,他将国家债务减半.
He also doubled the country’s size by making the Louisiana Purchase from France in 1803.
他于1803年从法国购买路易斯安那州,
The Louisiana Purchase extended the western border of the United States all the way to the Rocky Mountains.
路易斯安那州采购局将美国西部边界一路延伸至洛基山脉.
The Louisiana Purchase turned the young United States into a large country.
路易斯安那州采购公司把年轻的美国变成了一个大国.
It helped the nation become an important world power.
它帮助了国家成为一个重要的世界强国.
It was also the first time in history that so much land had been exchanged by two countries without war.
这也是历史上第一次有如此多的土地被两国在没有战争的情况下交换.
First, Second, Third In 1789, George Washington was elected the first U.
1789年,乔治·华盛顿当选为第一U.
S.
师曰.
president.
总统
Jefferson became the country’s first secretary of state.
杰斐逊出任该国第一任国务卿.
In 1797, his friend John Adams became the second president, and Jefferson became the vice president.
1797年,他的朋友约翰·亚当斯出任第二任总统,杰斐逊出任副总统.
However, the two argued about the nature of government.
然而,两人争论政府的性质.
Adams believed that a strong central government was important.
亚当斯认为强大的中央政府是重要的.
Jefferson believed that the individual states should have the strongest powers.
杰斐逊认为各邦应该拥有最强大的权力.
With a strong central government, the president and Congress have the most power.
有了强大的中央政府,总统和国会拥有最强大的权力.
A strong central government felt too much like having a king and parliament, Jefferson argued.
杰斐逊认为,一个强大的中央政府太像国王和议会了。
Wasn’t that what the colonists had fought against?
这不是殖民者所反对的吗?
Jefferson and Adams wound up not speaking to each other for more than ten years.
杰斐逊和亚当斯最终在十年多的时间里没有互相交谈.
Jefferson (standing) with Ben Franklin (left) and John Adams as they review a draft of the Declaration of Independence The United States government bought 820,000 square miles (2,123,790 km2) of land from France for $15 million.
杰斐逊(与本·富兰克林(左翼)和约翰·亚当斯(John Adams)一起审查独立宣言草案时,美国政府以1500万美元的价格从法国购买了82万平方英里(2,123,790平方公里)的土地.
That’s $18.
这是18美元。
29 per square mile.
每平方英里29块.
The purchase included all or part of fifteen present-day states.
购买包括目前15个州的全部或部分。
Returning to His Roots After his second term as president, Jefferson returned to Virginia.
回归他的根 第二任总统后,杰斐逊回到了弗吉尼亚.
He spent his days reading, writing, and tending to his fruit and vegetable gardens.
他花了好几天阅读,写作, 并照顾他的水果和蔬菜花园。
He also helped start Virginia’s first public university.
他还帮助创办了弗吉尼亚第一所公立大学.
Thomas Jefferson died on July 4, 1826.
托马斯·杰斐逊于1826年7月4日去世.
John Adams died the same day.
约翰·亚当斯同一天去世.
It was the United States’ fiftieth birthday.
这是美国50岁生日。
Today, Jefferson is remembered for his thoughts on freedom, rights, and democracy.
今天,杰斐逊因对自由、权利和民主的思考而被铭记。
His words and actions helped create and define a free United States.
他的言行帮助创建并定义了自由的美国.
Glossary Declaration of the document that announced Independence the separation of the thirteen (n.)
13 (n.)宣布独立的文件的词汇宣言
colonies from Great Britain (p.
来自大不列颠的殖民地(p.
4) democracy (n.)
4) 民主 (n.
a form of government that is run by the people through free and frequent elections (p.
由人民通过自由、频繁选举管理的一种政府形式(p.
15) Founding Fathers the group of men who helped to (n.)
15) 帮助的男子团体(n.
establish the United States and its system of government (p.
建立美国及其政府制度(第2页)。
4) government (n.)
4) 政府(不详)
a group of people who have the power to make and enforce laws for a country or area (p.
一群有权为一个国家或地区制定和执行法律的人(p.
7) independence (n.)
7) 独立性(n.
freedom from the control, influence, support, or help of others (p.
自由不受他人的控制、影响、支持或帮助(p.
4) plantation (n.)
4) 种植园(n.
a large farm with many workers (p.
一个拥有许多工人的大型农场(p.
5) representatives (n.)
5) 代表(不详)
people chosen to speak, vote, or otherwise act on behalf of an individual or group (p.
被选为代表个人或群体发言、投票或以其他方式行事的人(p.
4) right (n.)
4) 右 (n.
a freedom or power that a person can justly claim (p.
一个人可以公正地要求的自由或权力(p.
12) statute (n.)
12) 法规 (n.
a law created by the legislative branch of a government (p.
政府立法部门制定的法律(p.
12) The Library of Congress During the War of 1812, the British Army set fire to the Library of Congress, the country’s library in Washington, D.
12) 1812年战争期间的国会图书馆,英国陆军放火烧毁了国会图书馆,是美国华盛顿的图书馆.
C.
C组
The collection of about 3,000 books was destroyed.
藏书约3000册被破坏.
In 1815, Thomas Jefferson, the man who loved books, sold his own collection to the library.
1815年,热爱书籍的人托马斯·杰斐逊将自己的收藏品卖给了图书馆.
With Jefferson’s 6,487 books, the library was able to reopen.
由于杰斐逊的6,487本书,图书馆得以重新开放.
Today the library has more than 35 million books!
今天图书馆藏书已超过3500万册!