Special Effects
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Introduction The gigantic ape stands high above New York City on the very top of the Empire State Building.
导言 巨猿站在纽约市上空 帝国大厦的顶端
He has carried with him a blonde woman—he holds her in one of his massive paws.
他带着一个金发女人,他把她抱在他的大爪子上。
The ape gently puts the woman inside the building, thumps his chest, and roars menacingly at the squadron of planes circling just outside his reach.
猩猩轻轻地把女人放进大楼里,打出他的胸口,并狠狠地咆哮着飞来飞去的飞机中队。
He strikes out at one of the planes, sending it spiraling to the ground in a ball of fire.
他向其中一架飞机出击,以一发火球将飞机螺旋式发射到地上.
The other planes attack, firing bullets at the huge creature.
其他飞机攻击,向这个巨大的生物发射子弹.
Some of the bullets hit and the ape is badly wounded.
一些子弹被击中,而猿人受了重伤.
He lets out one last roar and lets go of the building, falling to the street.
他放出最后一个咆哮声 然后放出大楼 掉到街上
So, what are special effects?
那么,什么是特效吗?
Special effects are the part of moviemaking that creates, or makes, pictures and sounds that can make movies seem real.
特效是电影制作中创造出或制造出可以让电影看起来真实的相片和声音的部分.
Special effects allow a superhero to rescue anyone, anywhere, at any time.
特效可以让超级英雄在任何地点,任何时间救援任何人.
Special effects can create alien spacecraft soaring toward Earth at an alarming speed.
特效可以造成外星飞船以惊人的速度飞向地球.
Special effects can make buildings crumble, tornadoes twist, and dinosaurs, long extinct, come alive.
特效可以让建筑物倒塌 龙卷风扭转 恐龙长期灭绝 生还
Movies, or moving pictures, work by capturing a series of still images and replaying them quickly one after the other.
电影,或移动相片,通过捕捉一连串的静态相片并相继快速回放来工作.
Dinosaurs appear to come to life in this special-effects scene from Jurassic Park III (2001).
恐龙在侏罗纪公园三号(2001年)出道的特效场景中出现.
The scene we’ve described is from the movie King Kong and was made more than seventy-five years ago!
我们描述的场景来自电影"金刚",是75多年前拍的!
The movie would never have been possible if it hadn’t been for Willis O’Brien.
如果不是Willis O'Brien的电影,
A master of movie special effects in the 1920s and the 1930s, he helped create the special-effects spectaculars that audiences still love.
他是1920年代和1930年代电影特效大师,他帮助创作了观众仍然喜爱的特效壮观.
A close-up of the gorilla model used in the 1933 film King Kong.
1933年电影"金刚"中使用的大猩猩模型特写.
O’Brien’s special-effects team then constructed detailed miniature sets, like a New York City street, to provide the backdrop for the animated models.
O'Brien的特效团队随后像纽约市的一条街道一样,建造了详细的微型相机,为动画模型提供背景.
Now it was time for O’Brien to use the process he invented: stop-motion animation.
现在该是奥布莱恩使用他发明的过程的时候了:停止动画.
With stop-motion animation, the miniature models were photographed one frame at a time and put into different positions for each frame.
随着停止动画,微型模型一次被拍出一帧并被放入每个帧的不同位置.
When each frame of the developed film was projected in sequence, the models appeared to move with the illusion of being alive.
当所开发的电影的每帧被按顺序投影时,模型似乎会以活生生的幻想来移动.
battle it out in a scene from the classic monster movie King Kong.
在经典怪兽电影"金刚"的一幕中与它战斗.
Stop-Motion Animation So, how did O’Brien make King Kong possible?
停止动画 那么,奥布莱恩是如何使金刚成为可能的?
First, he constructed several gorilla models using a metal skeleton with joints like those found in human knees and shoulders.
首先,他用金属骨架搭建了几台大猩猩模型,其关节有人类膝盖和肩部所发现的关节等.
He padded the joints with cotton and foam rubber, and then covered them with rabbit skins to resemble the beast’s fur.
他用棉花和泡沫橡胶将关节加上,然后用兔子皮来覆盖,使之与野兽皮毛相类似。
Next, O’Brien studied the movements of gorillas in zoos.
接下来,奥布莱恩研究了大猩猩在动物园中的移动.
He also attended professional wrestling matches looking for ideas of how to make his creature battle the dinosaurs and other huge animals on Skull Island, King Kong’s home.
他还参加了职业摔跤比赛,寻找如何让他的生物在金刚故乡斯库尔岛与恐龙和其他巨型动物战斗的想法.
Rear Projection Rear projection is a type of special effect that creates fake scenery behind an actor.
后投影 后投影是一类特殊效果,在演员后方产生出假相.
For example: to make it look like a person is driving a car on a beach, the beach scene is filmed first.
例如:为了让它看起来像一个人在海滩上驾驶一辆车,海滩场景首先被拍摄.
Then the beach scene is projected onto a screen.
然后海滩场景被投放到屏幕上.
A car and a driver are placed in front of the screen and filmed.
一辆汽车和一辆司机被放入屏幕前并拍摄.
Background Projector Camera combines foreground action with rear-projection background plates Background plates projected from rear onto translucent screen Special effects have been used in movies for more than 100 years.
背景投影相机结合了前地动作和后地投影背景板背景板从后地投影到半透明屏幕的背景板,特效已经被用在了100多年的电影中.
Georges Méliès, a French magician, invented some of the earliest special effects.
法国术士乔治·梅利埃(Georges Méliès)发明了最早的一些特效.
In 1899 he directed a movie called The Conjurer and used special effects to make himself disappear.
1899年他执导了一部叫"The Conjurer"的电影,并用特效来让自己消失.
Some members of his audience were so terrified by what they saw that they actually fainted!
他的观众中有些人对所见所闻感到恐惧,以至于实际上晕倒了!
Since then, many types of special-effects tricks have been created.
此后,又创立了多种特效花招.
Award-winning special effects The following movies won the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences award for Visual Effects.
获奖特效 以下电影获得了"感动相片艺术与科学学院"视觉效果奖.
Have you seen any of these movies?
你看过这些电影吗?
Color-Replacement Photography With color-replacement photography, the movement of an actor or an animal, such as someone falling, is filmed in front of a chroma blue screen or a green screen.
彩色替换相片 随着取色摄影,演员或动物的运动,如有人倒下等,被拍摄在染色体蓝屏或绿色屏前.
The background is shot at a different time.
背景拍摄时间不同.
Then the action of an actor pretending to fall is layered on top of the colored screen.
然后一个演员假装倒下的行为被分层地放在彩色屏幕上.
The color is then erased and the background becomes visible wherever the color was.
然后,颜色被去除,背景变得明显,无论颜色在哪里。
This special effect is like cutting out the shape of an animal or an actor from a sheet of paper and pasting it onto different scenery, except the image is moving and so is the scenery!
这种特效就像从一张纸上剪去动物或演员的外形并粘贴到不同的景地上,除了画面在动,景地也在动!
An actor flies through the air in front of a green screen.
一个演员在绿幕前会从空中飞来.
In the final shot, the background will be replaced with images of a busy market.
在最后的镜头中,背景会被一个繁忙市场的画面所取而代之.
This technique is used every day on most weather portions of the news on TV.
每天在电视新闻的大部分天气部分使用这种技术。
The weather anchor stands in front of a color screen while a technician puts the image of a map behind the anchor.
气象锚站站在彩色屏幕前,而技术员则将地图的图像放入锚站后.
The image brought into the picture shows up on any area that is the same color as the screen.
带入画面的图像出现在任何与屏幕同色的区域.
You will never see a weather anchor on TV dressed in the screen’s color, as you might see a weather map where their body should be!
你永远不会看到电视上的气象主播穿着屏幕的颜色,
A girl shows how to do a weather report using a green screen.
一个女孩展示如何使用绿色屏幕做天气报告.
Animators study the movements of real animals and people and try to copy the movements electronically.
动画师研究活生生的动物和人的运动,并尝试电子复制动作.
Because animatronic creatures appear to move like living creatures, they can be filmed interacting with the actors and real animals.
由于动画生物看起来像活生生的生物一样移动,因此可以拍摄出它们与演员和活生生的动物的互动.
The dinosaurs in Jurassic Park were just as scary as E.
侏罗纪公园的恐龙和E一样可怕.
T.
（字母T）
was endearing, due in large part to the capabilities of animatronics.
很大程度上是由于动天文学的能力
An example of a mechanical dinosaur model Animatronics The huge shark crunching Quint’s boat in Jaws or the endearing creepiness of E.
一个机械恐龙模型Animatronics的例子,
T.
（字母T）
are unforgettable images.
是不可忘记的图像。
The process known as animatronics was used to create E.
被称作"动画"(animatronics)的过程被用来创建E.
T.
（字母T）
as well as the shark in Jaws.
还有大口的鲨鱼
Animatronics is a type of special effect that creates characters using electronic robots.
Animatronics是一类使用电子机器人来创造人物的特殊效果.
A special-effects crew controls the robots’ movements through remote control.
特效机组通过遥控控制机器人的运动.
The blockbuster film Jaws ( 1 975) used a mechanical shark model.
布洛克斯特电影"Jaws"(1975年)采用了机械鲨鱼模型.
Miniature Models Rather than filming a real building, or other object, miniature models are often used as special effects.
微型模型 微型模型与其拍摄出真正的建筑,还不如拍摄出其他物体,反而经常被用作特效.
On film, the models look life-size.
在电影中,模型看起来是生命大小.
Sets and props can be made extra large or small to make people seem tiny, or large.
装置和道具可以做出额外的大小来使人看起来很小,或者很大.
Sets include such things as houses, cities, or jungles—anywhere the acting takes place.
包括房屋、城市或丛林,
Props are objects like chairs or swords that actors use.
道具是演员使用的椅子或剑等物品.
Oversized props make actors seem tiny in The Borrowers (1997).
过多的道具使得《借款人》(1997年)中的行为者显得很小。
Weather Special Effects Special effects are often used in movies to create weather conditions and natural disasters.
特效常被用在电影中来创造天气条件和自然灾害.
For example, to film a violent storm at sea, actors do not need to go out in a real storm— that would be very dangerous.
例如,为了拍摄海上的暴力风暴,演员们不需要在真正的风暴中出场——这将是非常危险的.
Instead, they can sit safely in a boat in a large pool or pond.
相反,他们可以安全地坐在大池子或池塘的船上.
A machine creates crashing waves in the water, huge fans produce powerful winds, and giant overhead sprinklers send down pouring rain.
一台机器在水中产生相撞的波浪,巨大的风扇产生出强大的风能,巨大的上行喷洒器会降下倒下雨水.
The scene is filmed in front of a blue screen, which can later be replaced with film of an actual storm.
场景取景于蓝幕前取景拍摄,后可取而代之的是一出真实风暴的相片.
When snowstorms are needed in a movie, snowflakes can be made from bleached potato flakes, plastic flakes, or powdered laundry detergent.
当电影需要暴雪时,雪花可以用漂白的土豆片,塑料片来制成,或者用粉末来洗涤.
Filmmakers used computers to add a wild tornado to this shot from The Day After Tomorrow (2004).
电影制作人利用计算机为这出从"后天"(2004年)拍摄的镜头添加了一场狂风.
Computer-Generated Images (CGI) Computer-generated images can be used to create almost any imaginable effect in a movie—blazing fires, giant waves, or talking dinosaurs.
计算机化图像( CGI) 计算机生成的图像可以用来在电影中产生几乎任何可想象的效果——大火,巨浪,或会说话的恐龙.
Once the images are created on the computer, they can be changed, moved, copied, and combined with other images for the movie.
一旦在计算机上创建出图像,就可以被修改,移动,复制,并与其他图像结合用于电影.
Computers helped revolutionize the world of special effects in movies.
计算机帮助电影中特效世界革命.
With computers, special-effects artists can create movie scenes never thought possible.
有了计算机,特效艺术家可以创造出从未认为可能的电影场景.
Now, computer- generated images can actually be used to create an entire movie like The Polar Express.
现在,计算机生成的图像实际上可以用来制作一整部电影,如"极地快车".
Everyone’s favorite ogre from the CGI animated film Shrek (2001).
CGI动画电影"史莱克"(2001年)中人人喜爱的食人怪.
Conclusion Audiences seventy-five years ago were awestruck by the special effects used in King Kong.
七十五年前的观众们 被金刚时代的特效所吸引
And audiences of today are equally awestruck as they watch volcanoes erupt in cities, spaceships engage in dogfights, and huge ocean liners crack in half and sink to the bottom of the ocean.
今天的观众同样是西行者, 他们看着火山在城市中喷发, 宇宙飞船进行斗狗, 和巨大的洋行船裂开一半并沉入海底。
But today’s audiences know a little more about special effects than audiences of years ago.
但今天的观众比几年前的观众更了解特效。
Does this mean that today’s audiences are bored with today’s movies?
这是否意味着今天的观众对今天的电影感到厌倦?
Not a chance!
没门!
They still enjoy the “magic” they see on the screen.
他们仍然享受他们在屏幕上看到的"魔力".
They love being frightened, amazed, and entertained.
他们喜欢被吓倒 惊奇和娱乐
So, what’s left for movie special effects?
电影特效还剩下什么?
Computer special-effects artists want to perfect a way to make a computer-generated human being look completely real.
计算机特效艺术家想完善一种方法,让计算机产生的人看起来完全真实.
Will they achieve their goal?
他们能实现目标吗?
They probably will, because with special effects anything can happen, right?
他们很可能会的,因为有特效 任何事情都可以发生,对不对?
Glossary animatronics (n.)
词汇学(n.)
the electronics that make models of creatures move as if they were alive (p.
使生物模型如活生生地运动的电子(p.
13) backdrop (n.)
13) 背景(n.
the scenery behind characters during a certain part of the movie (p.
电影某一部分(p.
8) color- photography erasing a replacement color from the front picture photography (n.)
8) 色彩-相片从前相片相片中去除取出替换颜色(n.
so that a background picture shows through (p.
以便背景图片通过显示(p.
11) computer- images made by using generated a computer (p.
11) 通过使用生成的计算机制作的计算机图像(p.
17) images (n.)
17) 图像 (n.