Saladin
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
The Middle East in Saladin’s Time, 1137–1193 PERSIAN GULF CASPIAN SEA MEDITERRANEAN SEA RED SEA EGYPT Tikrit Baghdad Jaffa Jerusalem Cairo Baalbek Aleppo Damascus Euphrates River Tigris River Hattin Syrian Desert Arabian Desert MESOPOTAM IA AFRICA ASIA EUROPE Table of Contents The Holy City of Jerusalem.
萨拉丁时代的中东,1137–1193 佩斯南高地 塞斯南高地 地中海高地 《耶路撒冷圣城目录》。
4 Early Years.
早年4岁.
5 Becoming a Leader.
5成为领袖。
7 Going to War.
7去战争。
9 Europe Fights Back.
9"欧洲反击".
11 After the Truce.
11 休战后.
13 Remembering Saladin.
13 忆萨拉丁.
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
16 The Holy City of Jerusalem Almost nine hundred years ago, a Muslim boy named Saladin lived in the Middle East.
16 耶路撒冷圣城近九百年前,一个名叫萨拉丁的穆斯林男孩生活在中东.
As a Muslim, he studied and practiced his faith daily.
作为穆斯林,他每天学习并实践自己的信仰.
When he grew up, he became one of the most famous Muslim leaders in history.
他长大后成为了历史上最有名的穆斯林领袖之一.
Jerusalem, in the Middle East, is holy to three religions.
中东的耶路撒冷是三个宗教的圣地。
The city has many special places that Christians, Muslims, and Jews visit.
该市有许多基督教徒,穆斯林和犹太人访问的特殊地段.
Jerusalem belonged to Muslims long ago.
耶路撒冷早就属于穆斯林了.
People of all three religions lived there.
所有三种宗教的人都在那里生活。
In 1099, Western European Christians came to Jerusalem and took control.
1099年,西欧基督徒来到耶路撒冷并控制了这里.
They promised safety to everyone in the city but instead killed many people.
他们向城里的每一个人保证过安全 但反而杀了很多人
Saladin was born into this world.
萨拉丁出生于这个世界.
One day, he would take the city back.
有一天,他会夺回城市。
Jerusalem is one of the world’s oldest cities.
耶路撒冷是世界上最古老的城市之一。
Saladin’s Muslim name is Salah al-Din (Saladin), which means “he who honors the faith.”
萨拉丁的穆斯林名是萨拉赫·丁(Salah al-Din (Saladin)),意为"尊重信仰的人". “
Early Years Saladin was born in 1137 or 1138 to a family in Tikrit, in modern-day Iraq, far from Jerusalem.
早年的萨拉丁生于1137年或1138年,出生于离耶路撒冷很远的现代伊拉克蒂克里特的一个家庭.
He was the son of a wealthy chief.
他是一位富有的酋长之子.
The family moved to northern Syria when Saladin was a baby.
萨拉丁是婴儿时全家搬到了叙利亚北部.
The area was part of the Turkish Empire.
该地区是土耳其帝国的一部分.
Saladin’s father started working for the ruler, Sultan Zengi, when Saladin was six.
萨拉丁的父亲开始为统治者苏丹禅吉工作,当时萨拉丁才六岁.
The family later moved to the city of Damascus.
这家人后来搬到了大马士革市.
Saladin started school there at age seven.
萨拉丁7岁开始在那里上学.
He learned about the religion of Islam.
他学习了伊斯兰教。
He also studied science, math, poetry, and the history of his people.
他还研究了科学,数学,诗歌,并研究了自己人的历史.
He was more interested in learning than in being a soldier.
他更想学习,而不是当个士兵.
Sultan Zengi died in 1146.
苏丹曾吉于1146年去世.
His second son, Nur al-Din, took control of part of his father’s kingdom.
他的第二个儿子, Nur al-Din控制了父亲的部分王国。
Saladin’s father became governor of Damascus, and Saladin’s uncle Shirkuh became a leader of the army.
萨拉丁的父亲出任大马士革总督,而萨拉丁的叔叔希尔库也出任军队领袖.
Saladin joined Nur al-Din’s army at age fourteen.
萨拉丁14岁加入努尔丁的军队.
He became Nur al-Din’s main helper a few years later.
几年后他成为努尔丁的主要帮手.
The new sultan was rich and powerful, but he led a simple life and ruled fairly.
新的苏丹富有而有权势,但他过着简单的生活,并公平统治.
Saladin wanted to become the same kind of man.
萨拉丁想成为同一类人.
These are the duties of Islam, the religion of Muslims.
这些是穆斯林宗教伊斯兰教的义务。
Crusades, or wars, were ordered by Popes who called for Christians to fight in the Middle East.
十字军,或称战争,是教宗下令要求基督徒去中东作战.
Their purpose was to stop Muslim control and reclaim Jerusalem and other areas.
其目的是停止穆斯林的控制并收复耶路撒冷和其他地区。
Pope Urban II ordered the First Crusade in 1095.
1095年教宗乌尔班二世下令进行第一次十字军东征.
The Crusades Pope Urban II Becoming a Leader Years later, when Saladin was in his late twenties, he traveled to Egypt several times with his uncle Shirkuh.
十字军教宗乌尔班二世在多年后成为了领袖,当萨拉丁已经20多岁了,他与叔叔希尔库赫多次去埃及旅行.
The purpose was to keep Egypt from falling under Christian control.
其目的是使埃及不受基督教的控制.
His uncle ended up becoming Egypt’s ruler but died nine weeks later.
他的叔叔最终成为了埃及的统治者,但在9周后去世.
Saladin, age thirty-one, became the new ruler in 1169.
31岁的萨拉丁于1169年成为了新的统治者.
He was also in charge of Egypt’s Syrian army.
他还负责埃及的叙利亚军队.
Saladin announced that he planned to free Jerusalem from Christian control.
萨拉丁宣布他计划使耶路撒冷摆脱基督教的控制.
He built many schools in Egypt, which drew educated people from Europe and Asia.
他在埃及建造了多所学校,吸引了来自欧洲和亚洲的受过教育的人.
Saladin could have lived in a huge palace.
萨拉丁本可以活在一个巨大的宫殿里.
However, he lived in a small, simple house, and he gave away most of his riches.
然而,他住在一个小而简陋的房子里,他把大部分的财富捐出.
He gained followers because he was firm, gentle, and generous.
他之所以获得追随者,是因为他坚定,温和,慷慨.
Saladin ordered the Citadel of Saladin, in Cairo, Egypt, to be built between 1176 and 1184.
萨拉丁下令在1176至1184年间建造位于埃及开罗的萨拉丁城.
It was built for protection from the Crusaders.
它是为躲避十字军而建造的.
Nur al-Din died in 1174.
努尔丁于1174年去世.
Saladin believed he was the best choice to rule.
萨拉丁认为他是最好的统治选择.
He took an army into Syria and fought with Nur al-Din’s brothers for nine years.
他带了一支军队进入叙利亚,并和努尔·丁的兄弟战斗了九年.
During that time, he ordered his soldiers to treat their enemies with respect.
在此期间,他命令他的士兵尊重他们的敌人.
Saladin’s men never burned or stole from villages, and they never treated captured soldiers without mercy.
萨拉丁的手下从未从村庄中被烧死或被偷走,他们也从未对被俘士兵施以仁慈的对待.
The fighting finally ended in 1185.
战斗最终于1185年结束.
The area between the Nile and Tigris Rivers was under Saladin’s control.
尼罗河和底格里斯河之间的地区由萨拉丁控制.
The Muslim victory at the Battle of Hattin was a difficult defeat for the Franks.
哈廷战役中穆斯林的胜利对法兰克人来说是艰难的失败.
Going to War In 1187, Saladin started a war against the Christians to take back Jerusalem.
1187年,萨拉丁发动了对基督徒的战争以夺回耶路撒冷.
In the years before, the Christians had been fighting among themselves over who should rule Jerusalem.
在前些年,基督教徒一直在争夺谁应该统治耶路撒冷。
Raynald, a man who did not like Muslims, gained power of trade routes, and Guy, a French knight, became king.
Raynald),一个不喜欢穆斯林的人,获得了贸易路线的权力,而Guy是一位法国骑士,成为了国王.
Before then, Arab and Christian traders had passed through each other’s lands peacefully.
在此之前,阿拉伯和基督教商人曾和平地穿过对方的土地。
When Raynald took charge, he broke treaties with Saladin and attacked Muslim towns and traders.
雷纳尔德掌权后,他与萨拉丁断绝了条约并袭击了穆斯林城镇和商人.
Saladin decided it was time to go to war.
萨拉丁决定是时候去打仗了
In July 1187, Saladin’s army trapped Guy’s soldiers on two hills called the Horns of Hattin.
1187年7月,萨拉丁的军队将盖伊的士兵困入了两座叫"哈廷角"的山上.
Saladin’s army beat the Christians badly.
萨拉丁的军队对基督徒的打得很惨.
Saladin’s Battles Against the Franks, 1187–1192 DEAD SEA SEA OF GALILEE Jerusalem Hattin Acre Tyre Tiberias MEDITERRANEAN SEA Syrian Desert Arabian Desert King Guy was captured, but Saladin later let him go free.
萨拉丁对法兰克人的战斗,1187–1192 DeEAD SEA OF GALILEE Jerusalem Hattin Acre Tyre Tiberias MEDITRANEAN SEA 叙利亚沙漠 阿拉伯沙漠 盖伊被俘,但萨拉丁后来放他走.
However, Saladin killed Raynald, who had destroyed the peace between Saladin and the Christians.
然而,萨拉丁杀死了雷纳尔德,雷纳尔德摧毁了萨拉丁和基督徒之间的和平.
In September, Saladin’s army surrounded Jerusalem and took the holy city two weeks later, on October 2, 1187.
9月,萨拉丁的军队包围了耶路撒冷并占领了两周后,即1187年10月2日.
Unlike the Christian takeover of Jerusalem in 1099, Saladin did not kill thousands of people.
与1099年基督教对耶路撒冷的接管不同,萨拉丁没有杀害上千人.
No Christian holy places were destroyed, and even Christians reported that no one was treated badly.
没有基督教圣地被摧毁,甚至基督教徒都报告说没有人受到虐待.
Afterward, Saladin still let Christians visit their holy places in the city.
之后,萨拉丁仍然让基督徒参观了他们在城市的圣地.
Saladin had finally reached his goal of returning Jerusalem to Muslim control.
萨拉丁最终实现了将耶路撒冷恢复回回教控制的目标.
Europe Fights Back Europe was shocked to learn that the Muslims had taken Jerusalem.
欧洲反击后欧洲震惊地得知穆斯林已经占领了耶路撒冷.
Leaders called for another war.
领导人呼吁再次开战。
King Richard I of England (Richard the Lionheart) was one of several European kings who raised armies.
理查德国王 英格兰一世(英語:Richard the Lionheart)是几个欧洲国王之一,他们举起军队.
They wanted to take back the holy city.
他们想夺回圣城
In the end, Richard led the armies.
最后由理查领导了军队.
Saladin tried without success to capture Tyre, the strongest Christian fortress that remained.
萨拉丁试图夺取提尔,没有成功,提尔是现存最坚固的基督教要塞.
He freed King Guy at about the same time.
他同时释放了盖伊国王
Guy and his supporters went to the city of Acre, which was under Muslim control.
盖伊和他的支持者去到了由穆斯林控制的阿克里市.
They surrounded it, and Crusaders from Europe arrived to help.
他们包围了它,来自欧洲的十字军来到了帮助.
For 638 days, Christians surrounded the Muslims at Acre, and Saladin’s army surrounded the Christians.
在638天的时间里,基督徒包围了阿克里的穆斯林,萨拉丁的军队包围了基督徒.
In the spring of 1191, Christian leaders from Western Europe and their armies arrived.
1191年春,来自西欧的基督教领袖和他们的军队抵达.
First came Philip Augustus of France, followed by Richard the Lionheart a few weeks later.
第一位是法国的菲利普·奥古斯都(英语:Philip Augustus (film)),几周后由狮心人理查(英语:Richard the Lionheart)接任.
Richard was a brilliant commander who forced the Muslims to give up Acre only a month after he got there.
理查是一个辉煌的指挥官,他在到达阿克里后一个月才迫使穆斯林放弃了阿克里.
Richard the Lionheart In August of the same year, Richard marched Christian soldiers toward the coast and captured coastal cities.
狮子心理查 同年8月,理查将基督教士兵向海岸行进并夺取了沿海城市.
Again, Saladin couldn’t stop them.
沙拉丁无法阻止他们。
Instead, he took his army to Jerusalem to strengthen it against Christian soldiers.
相反地,他带着他的军队去耶路撒冷加强它来对付基督教士兵.
However, the Christians never attacked.
然而,基督教徒从未发动过攻击.
Richard realized his army wasn’t strong enough to take and hold the holy city.
理查德意识到他的军队不够强大,
On September 2, 1192, Saladin’s brother and Richard agreed to a truce.
1192年9月2日,萨拉丁的弟弟和理查同意停战.
Saladin let the Christians keep parts of the coast.
萨拉丁让基督徒保留了部分海岸.
The rest of the land, including Jerusalem, would be Muslim land.
其余土地,包括耶路撒冷,将是穆斯林土地。
Christians would still be able to visit holy places.
基督徒仍然可以访问圣地。
The battles were over.
战斗结束了
Saladin won lasting respect from the Christian world for his fair conduct.
萨拉丁因其公平的行为而赢得了基督教世界的持久尊重.
The building that houses Saladin’s tomb was built in 1193 and restored in 1898.
萨拉丁墓的建筑建于1193年,于1898年被修复.
Saladin’s tomb After the Truce Saladin went home to Damascus after the truce was signed.
萨拉丁的坟墓 停战协议签订后,萨拉丁回到了大马士革.
He died only six months later, on March 4, 1193, at age fifty-five.
仅6个月后即1193年3月4日去世,享年55岁.
Because he never cared much for money, he had given everything away.
因为他从不关心钱 他把所有东西都给了别人
There was no money to bury his body.
没有钱埋葬他的尸体。
He was later buried in a building constructed by his son in Damascus.
他后来被埋葬在由他儿子在大马士革建造的一栋建筑中.
After Saladin’s death, his family continued to rule over Egypt and nearby lands until 1250.
萨拉丁死后,他的家人继续统治埃及和附近的土地,直到1250年.
At that point, another group gained power.
这时,另一个集团获得了权力.
A statue of Saladin on horseback stands today in Damascus, South Syria.
今天,在叙利亚南部大马士革有一座骑马的萨拉丁雕像。
Remembering Saladin Saladin was a great leader who was kind to his enemies.
记得萨拉丁·萨拉丁是一位伟大的领袖,对敌人很友善.
After he took back Jerusalem from the Crusaders, he let Christians continue to visit the holy city.
在他从十字军手中夺回耶路撒冷后,他让基督徒继续访问圣城.
He also let the Christians keep some of the land they took.
他还让基督徒保留了他们夺取的一些土地.
The time in history when Saladin lived was known for fierce battles.
历史上萨拉丁所活的时间以激烈的战斗而出名.
Still, one of its most respected leaders is remembered for being fair.
然而,人们仍记得,它最受人尊敬的领导人之一是公正的。
Just before Saladin died, he spoke with his oldest son.
就在萨拉丁去世前,他和他长子说话.
He said, “I have become as great as I am because I have won men’s hearts by gentleness and kindness.”
他说:我变得像我一样伟大,因为我以温和和善的态度赢得了人的心。 “
Many people think Saladin set an example of a fair and good leader.
许多人认为萨拉丁树立了公正而优秀的领导人的榜样.
He continues to set an example today.
他今天继续树立榜样。