Russia
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Where Is It?
内容表在哪里?
4 People.
4个人。
6 Land.
6地.
8 History.
8 历史.
10 Celebrations.
10个庆典.
12 Food.
12 粮.
13 Conclusion.
13 结论。
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
16 ARCTIC OCEAN SEA OF JAPAN RUSSIA CHINA MONGOLIA KAZAKHSTAN ESTONIA LATVIA BELARUS UKRAINE Moscow H BERING SEA SEA OF OKHOTSK ASIA EUROPE Where Is It?
16 日本中亚海洋 中国蒙古 加扎克斯坦 埃斯通亚 拉脱维亚 英国 莫斯科HBERING东南亚OKHOTSK ASIA EUROPE在哪里?
Russia is a huge country that covers 16,377,742 square kilometers (6,323,500 sq.
俄罗斯是一个巨大的国家,面积为16,377,742平方千米(6,323,500平方公克).
mi.)
(中文(简体) ).
almost twice the size of the United States.
几乎是美国的两倍。
The countries that share a border with Russia include Finland and Ukraine in Europe, and Mongolia, China, and Japan in Asia.
与俄罗斯接壤的国家包括欧洲的芬兰和乌克兰,以及亚洲的蒙古,中国和日本.
The United States is a neighbor to Russia as well, since Russia’s far eastern tip is only 88.
美国也是俄罗斯的邻国,因为俄罗斯远东尖端只有88个.
5 kilometers (55 mi.)
5公里(55海里)
away from Alaska’s western coast.
远离阿拉斯加西部海岸。
The Arctic Ocean to the north and three seas to the east also border Russia.
北接北冰洋,东接三海也与俄罗斯接壤.
Moscow is Russia’s capital city, and it is home to more than twelve million people.
莫斯科是俄罗斯的首都,拥有1200多万人。
One of the most famous places in Moscow is the Kremlin.
莫斯科最出名的地方之一是克里姆林宫.
The Kremlin is a group of buildings including palaces and government offices where the Russian president lives.
克里姆林宫是俄罗斯总统所居住的包括宫殿和政府办公室在内的一组建筑.
Just outside the Kremlin is a plaza called Red Square.
就在克里姆林宫外有个广场叫"红色广场".
Together, the Kremlin and Red Square are famous places to visit.
克里姆林宫和红广场共同成为出名的参观地.
Near the Kremlin, St.
在圣克林姆林宫附近
Basil’s Cathedral is one of the most famous sights in Russia.
巴西尔大教堂是俄罗斯最出名的景点之一.
The Cyrillic Alphabet People About 142 million people live in Russia, making it the tenth largest population in the world.
西里尔字母人(Cyrilic alphabet People)约1.42亿人生活在俄罗斯,成为世界第十大人口.
About three-fourths of the people live in cities such as Moscow and St.
约四分之三的人口居住在莫斯科和圣德等城市.
Petersburg.
彼得堡报.
However, there are many jobs in the country that are connected to the land’s natural resources.
然而,该国有许多与土地自然资源相关的工作。
Russia has large amounts of coal, oil, and natural gas, so it is a big part of the energy industry.
俄罗斯拥有大量的煤炭,石油,天然气,因此是能源工业的一大部分.
It produces much of the world’s oil and natural gas.
它生产出世界上大部分的石油和天然气。
The fishing industry is also very important in Russia, and Russia sells fish to many countries around the world.
捕鱼业在俄罗斯也非常重要,俄罗斯将鱼卖给了世界上许多国家.
Many of the Earth’s forests are located in Russia as well.
许多地球森林也位于俄罗斯.
Wood from trees is turned into lumber.
从树上取出木被作木材.
Russia is one of the world’s biggest lumber countries.
俄罗斯是世界上最大的木材生产国之一。
The Cyrillic alphabet has thirty-three letters, seven more than the alphabet used in English.
西里尔字母有三十三个字母,比英语使用的字母多出七个.
Russian is the main language in Russia.
俄语是俄罗斯的主要语言.
People use the Cyrillic alphabet to write Russian.
人们使用西里尔字母来书写俄语.
The Cyrillic alphabet is based on the Greek alphabet, but there are some differences due to Russian having some sounds that Greek does not have.
西里尔字母以希腊字母为主,但是由于俄语有一些希腊语没有的音调,所以有一些差异.
Russian people have excelled in literature, the arts, and sports.
俄罗斯人民在文学、艺术和体育方面都表现突出。
They are particularly known for their world-famous Moscow Ballet and classical musicians.
他们以出名于世界的莫斯科芭蕾舞团和古典音乐家而出名。
Russians stand out in all kinds of sports, including ice hockey, soccer, gymnastics, and figure skating.
俄罗斯人在包括冰球,足球,体操,和花样花样花样滑冰等各种运动中出名.
The Moscow Ballet practices Swan Lake before a performance in Madrid, Spain.
莫斯科芭蕾舞团在西班牙马德里演出前练习"天鹅湖".
Russia’s Landforms Russian Plain West Siberian Plain Central Siberian Plateau Kulunda Steppe Kamchatka Peninsula ARCTIC OCEAN BERING SEA Ural Mountains SEA OF OKHOTSK SEA OF JAPAN Moscow H Oymyakon St.
俄罗斯的地貌 俄罗斯平原 西伯利亚平原 中西伯利亚高原 库伦达斯德佩 堪察加半岛 (原始内容存档于2017-10-22). ARCTIC OCBERING Sea Ural Mounties Sea of OKHOTSK Sea of Japan Moscow H Oymyakon St.
Petersburg Sayan Mountains LAKE BAIKAL Land The Russian countryside has plains and mountains.
彼得堡萨扬山脉 洛杉矶 土地 俄罗斯农村有平地和山地.
The West Siberian Plain in central Russia is huge.
俄罗斯中部的西伯利亚平原面积巨大.
It covers over 2.
它覆盖2以上。
6 million square kilometers (1 million sq.
面积600万平方千米(1百万平方千米.
mi.)
(中文(简体) ).
The Ural Mountains are located in the western part of the country and there are several other mountain ranges in the south and east.
乌拉尔山脉地处该国西部,南部和东部还有多座山脉.
Lake Baikal, located near the Mongolian border, is the oldest and deepest lake in the world.
贝加尔湖位于蒙古边境附近,是世界上最古老最深的湖泊.
Lake Baikal also holds about 20 percent of the world’s unfrozen fresh water.
贝加尔湖还保有全球20%的未冻淡水。
There are several very different types of landscapes in Russia.
俄罗斯有几种截然不同的地貌.
The northern areas are large, flat, frozen areas called tundra.
北部为地势大,平坦,冰冻的地区被称作苔原.
South of the tundra are the taiga, which are green forests of mainly spruce and pine trees.
苔原以南为泰加地,是以生芽和松树为主的常绿林.
In the warmer areas, there are other forests of oak, maple, and birch trees.
在更温暖的地区,还有其它的橡树,枫树和柏克树等森林.
Wide grasslands are located in the southern areas of Russia.
宽地草地位于俄罗斯南部.
Russia is a cold country.
俄罗斯是一个寒冷的国家。
Most of the country is as far north as Canada.
境内大部分地势最北至加拿大.
Russia is home to the coldest settlement in the world, where it can get as cold as –71˚C (–96˚F) in winter.
俄罗斯是世界上最寒冷的定居点所在地,在冬季,俄罗斯的寒冷程度可达-71-C(-96-F)。
Russia has a summer season, but in some places there are only two months of warmer weather each year.
俄罗斯有一个夏季的季节,但有些地方每年只有两个月的更温暖的天气.
At its deepest point, Lake Baikal is 1,620 meters (5,315 ft.)
在最深处,贝加尔湖有1,620米(5,315英尺).
deep.
深处.
History Czars, or emperors, ruled Russia for hundreds of years.
历史上的沙皇或皇帝统治了俄国数百年.
Two of the most famous were Peter the Great and Catherine the Great—strong leaders who helped Russia grow to become a modern power.
最出名的两位是彼得大帝和凯瑟琳大帝,他们帮助俄罗斯成长成为一个现代强国.
As in many other Eastern European countries during this time, many Russian farmers were serfs— farmers who had to work on land owned by someone else.
与当时其他许多东欧国家一样,许多俄罗斯农民是农奴——农民不得不在他人拥有的土地上工作。
They could not move away or get married without the landowner’s permission, and they had to give the owner most of their crops.
未经地主许可,他们不能离开或结婚,他们不得不把大部分作物交给地主。
Even after the serfs were freed by order of Alexander II, the government treated them poorly.
即使在被亚历山大二世下令放出农奴后,政府也对他们的待遇也很差.
In the early 1900s, many Russians were angry about this kind of unfairness, and a revolution in 1917 ended the rule of the czars.
1900年代初,许多俄国人对这种不公平行为感到愤怒,1917年的一场革命结束了沙皇的统治.
Peter the Great was the czar of Russia from 1682 to 1725.
彼得大帝从1682年到1725年是俄罗斯的沙皇.
Catherine the Great led Russia from 1762 to 1798.
凯瑟琳大帝从1762年到1798年领导了俄国.
After the revolution, Russia and other Eastern European countries formed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1922.
革命后,俄罗斯等东欧国家于1922年组成了苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟(USSR).
The goal of the USSR was to have the government help make people more equal and solve the problems that had led to the revolution.
苏联的目标是让政府帮助人民更加平等,并解决导致革命的问题.
But the government was too powerful, and economic and political problems left many people in the USSR in poverty.
但政府过于强大,经济和政治问题使苏联许多人陷入了贫困.
It ended on December 31, 1991.
1991年12月31日结束.
Today, an elected president and other leaders rule Russia, and many Russians’ lives have improved.
今天,一位当选的总统和其他领导人统治了俄罗斯,许多俄罗斯人的生活有了改善.
The flag of the USSR Poor families wait in line for loaves of bread in the Soviet Union in the 1920s.
苏联贫苦家庭的旗帜在20世纪20年代在苏联排队等待吃面包.
Celebrations Many Russians celebrate Christian holidays, such as Christmas.
许多俄罗斯人庆祝基督教节日,例如圣诞节.
However, some Russians celebrate Christmas Day on January 7 rather than December 25.
然而,有的俄罗斯人在1月7日而不是12月25日庆祝圣诞节.
At Easter celebrations in Russia, people share baked goods and paint hard-boiled eggs.
在俄罗斯的复活节庆祝活动上,人们分享烘焙出品并涂上被硬煮过的鸡蛋.
There are also Muslim people in Russia, so Ramadan is another big holiday there.
俄罗斯也有穆斯林,所以斋月是那里又一个大节日.
During Ramadan, most Muslims fast—do not eat or drink anything— in the hours between sunrise and sunset every day for a month.
在斋月期间,大多数穆斯林在每天出日出到日出之间的时间里,在一个月内,都会斋戒,不吃不喝任何东西。
Other Russian holidays include Independence Day on June 12 and Victory Day on May 9.
其他俄罗斯节日包括6月12日独立日和5月9日胜利日.
Victory Day celebrates the end of World War II.
胜利日庆祝二战结束.
A Russian holiday called Maslenitsa (MOSS-leen-yit-sah) celebrates the end of winter.
俄罗斯名为"Maslenitsa"的节日庆祝冬季结束.
To celebrate Maslenitsa, people eat pancakes called blinis (BLEE-nees) with butter.
为了庆祝马斯莱尼察,人们用黄油来吃被称作blinis(BLE-nees)的煎饼.
People also take sleigh rides and have snowball fights as part of the fun.
人也乘雪橇出行并有雪球出战作为乐趣的一部分.
Children take part in a sack race to celebrate the end of winter.
儿童参加麻袋赛来庆祝冬至.
Food Perhaps one of the most popular foods in Russia is a soup called borscht.
食物或许是俄罗斯最受欢迎的食物之一,是一种叫"波克特"的汤.
Borscht is made with beets, cabbage, and other vegetables such as onions and carrots.
Borscht用甜菜,白菜等蔬菜和洋葱和胡萝卜等来制作.
The soup gets its red color from the beets.
汤从甜菜得到其红色.
People also make a traditional drink called kvass.
人们也制作一种叫克瓦斯的传统饮料.
Kvass is a sour drink that is made from stale bread.
Kvass是一种酸性饮料,由口味的面包制成.
Some people make a soup called okroshka with kvass.
有人用克瓦斯做一汤叫"okroshka".
They add cucumbers, sausages, salami, and boiled eggs.
它们会加入黄瓜,香肠,香肠,和煮蛋.
People eat okroshka in the summer and serve it cold.
人们在夏天吃克罗什卡并服侍它.
Today, there are many foods from other countries in Russian cities, but traditional foods are still popular.
今天,俄罗斯城市中有许多来自其他国家的食品,但传统食品仍然很受欢迎.
Borscht is a popular soup made from beets that can be served hot or cold.
Borscht是一款由甜菜制成的通俗汤,可以供热或取冷.
Kvass is a drink that takes about two to three days to make.
克瓦斯酒是一种需要2到3天才能制得的饮料.
Conclusion Russia is a vast and beautiful country that is rich with natural resources.
俄罗斯是一个广阔而美丽的国家,自然资源丰富。
Its huge forests and fish-filled oceans, in addition to the resources beneath the earth such as oil and coal, are a big part of the Russian way of life.
其巨大的森林和充满鱼的海洋,除了地下的资源如石油和煤外,也是俄罗斯生活方式的一大部分.
But Russia has much more to offer in addition to beautiful landscapes and resources.
但是,除了美丽的地貌和资源外,俄罗斯还有更多的东西可以提供.
From ballet to its holiday celebrations to delicious foods, Russia is a land that is rich in tradition.
从芭蕾舞到它的节日庆祝活动到美味的食物,俄罗斯是一个有丰富传统的土地.
Buildings glow at night in Moscow.
莫斯科的建筑物晚上会发光
Source: CIA World Factbook (2016) Population: 142,423,773 Land: 16,377,742 sq km (6,323,500 sq.
资料来源:中央情报局《世界概况》(2016年),人口:142 423 773人,土地:16 377 742平方公里(6 323 500平方公里)。
mi.)
(中文(简体) ).
Capital City: Moscow Primary Language: Russian Primary Religions: Russian Orthodox and Muslim Name of Currency: ruble Glossary Christian (adj.)
首都:莫斯科 初级语言:俄罗斯 第一级宗教:俄罗斯正统和穆斯林货币名称:卢布词汇 基督教 (adj.
of or relating to Christianity, a religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ (p.
或与基督教有关,一种以耶稣基督的生命和教义为基础的宗教(p.
12) czars (n.)
12) 沙皇 (n.
male Russian rulers before the Russian Revolution in 1917 (p.
1917年俄国革命前的俄罗斯男性统治者(p.
10) industry (n.)
10) 工业(n.
a group of businesses that sell or create the same product or services (p.
销售或创造相同产品或服务的一组企业(p.
6) landscapes (n.)
6) 地貌 (n.
visible features of areas of land, seen as a whole (p.
土地的明显特征,整体来看(p.
9) Muslim (adj.)
9) 穆斯林(adj.
of or relating to people who follow the religion of Islam (p.
信奉伊斯兰教的人或与其有关的人(p.
12) natural things found in nature that are valuable to humans or can be used to make a product, such as minerals and forests (p.
12) 自然界中发现的对人有价值或可以用来制造出出出产物的自然物,如矿物和森林(p.
6) revolution (n.)
6)革命 (n.
he removal of a government from power by force and its replacement with another (p.
他通过武力解除政府权力,并以另一权力取而代之(p.
10) settlement (n.)
10) 结算(n.)
a new place where people live; a place where a community has been established (p.
(一) 人民生活的新地;
9) traditional (adj.)
9) 传统(adj.
of or relating to a long- established custom (p.
或与早已确立的习惯有关(第3页)
13) resources (n.)
资源(不详)