The Nobel Prize
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
The Most Famous Prize The Nobel Prize is the most famous honor in the world.
最出名奖 诺贝尔奖是世界上最出名的荣誉.
The prizes were first awarded on December 10, 1901.
1901年12月10日首次获奖.
That was five years after the death of Alfred Nobel, the creator of the prizes.
那是奖项的创造者阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔去世后五年。
Between 1901 and 2015, 874 special individuals and 26 groups have been awarded Nobel Prizes.
1901年至2015年间,874名特级个人和26个团体被授予诺贝尔奖.
For many years, prizes were awarded in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.
多年来,在物理,化学,生理学或医学,文学,和平方面都获奖.
A sixth award, for economics, started in 1968.
1968年开始颁发第六次经济学奖.
Alfred Nobel’s Life Alfred Nobel was born on October 21, 1833, in Sweden.
阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔生于1833年10月21日,生于瑞典.
His father was an engineer and businessman.
他的父亲是一名工程师和商人.
Alfred was interested in finding ways to blast through rocks.
阿尔弗雷德有兴趣寻找方法来从岩石中爆炸.
The purpose was to make it easier to build bridges and tunnels.
目的是让桥梁和地道的建设更加容易.
By 1842, Alfred’s family had moved from Sweden to Russia.
到1842年,阿尔弗雷德的家人已经从瑞典移居到俄罗斯.
There his father made explosives for the Russian navy.
他父亲在那里为俄国海军制造了炸药.
Alfred received an excellent education in Russia.
阿尔弗雷德在俄罗斯接受了一流的教育.
He learned to speak Swedish, Russian, French, German, and English.
他学会了瑞典语,俄语,法语,德语和英语.
He was also interested in chemistry.
他也对化学感兴趣.
In 1850, Alfred was sent to Paris to study chemical engineering.
1850年,阿尔弗雷德被派往巴黎学习化学工程.
He worked with a very explosive liquid that had recently been invented.
他与最近发明的极易爆炸的液体合作.
At that time, it was still considered too dangerous for commercial use.
当时,它仍然被认为太危险,不适合商业用途.
When Alfred returned to St.
当阿尔弗雷德回到圣所时.
Petersburg, he worked with his father to try to create a commercial explosive.
彼得堡,他与他的父亲合作,试图制造出商业炸药.
In 1859, the family returned to Sweden, where Alfred continued to do experiments.
1859年,全家回到了瑞典,阿尔弗雷德继续在那里做实验.
His brother, Emil, who also experimented with explosives, was killed in a tragic accident in 1864.
他的兄弟埃米尔也曾实验过炸药,于1864年在一次悲剧性事故中被炸死.
However, Alfred did not give up.
然而,阿尔弗雷德并没有放弃.
In 1866, he invented an explosive he named dynamite.
1866年他发明了一种被他命名为"炸药"的炸药.
His invention made him rich and famous.
他的发明使他富有并出名.
After Alfred died in 1896, all of his money went to the prizes.
1896年阿尔弗雷德去世后,他的所有钱都去参加大奖.
The Nobel Prize Process Nobel prizewinners are chosen very carefully.
诺贝尔奖进程诺贝尔奖得主选取非常谨慎.
The prize committees are made up of famous scholars and scientists.
奖金委员会由著名学者和科学家组成.
The voting is top secret.
投票是绝密的。
Prizes are presented to the winners every year on December 10.
每年12月10日向获奖者颁奖。
The prizewinners are some of the most important people in the world.
获奖者是世界上一些最重要的人物.
Winning the award helps them continue their work.
获奖有助于他们继续工作.
Famous Prizewinners The Sciences Marie Curie was the first woman to receive the award, in 1903 in physics.
著名获奖者 科学会玛丽·居里是第一位获此奖的女性,1903年获物理学奖.
She shared the award with her husband and another scientist.
她与她的丈夫和另一位科学家分享了该奖项.
In 1911, she was awarded the prize in chemistry.
1911年被授予化学奖.
Curie is one of only two people ever to win Nobel Prizes in different areas.
居里是历史上唯一两个在不同领域获得诺贝尔奖的人之一.
Her daughter Irène (ee-REN) also won the Nobel Prize in chemistry.
她的女儿Irène (ee-REN)也获得了诺贝尔化学奖.
They were the only mother-daughter pair to have won the prize.
他们是唯一的母女配对 赢得了奖项。
Have you heard of the famous formula E = mc²?
你听说过著名的配方吗? E=mc2吗?
That is Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity.
这就是阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的相对论。
Einstein was awarded the prize in 1921 in physics.
1921年爱因斯坦被授予物理学奖.
Winning the prize allowed him to continue his brilliant career.
获奖使他得以继续辉煌的职业生涯.
Einstein influenced many of the greatest scientists of the twentieth century.
爱因斯坦影响了二十世纪许多最伟大的科学家.
Niels Bohr (NEELS BOR) was a Danish physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics the year after Einstein won.
尼尔斯·博尔(丹麦语:NeELS BOR)是丹麦物理学家,在爱因斯坦取胜后一年内获得诺贝尔物理学奖.
Then his son Aage Bohr (OH-uh BOR) was awarded the physics prize in 1975.
随后他的儿子Aage Bohr (OH-uh BOR)于1975年被授予物理学奖.
That made them one of six pairs of fathers and sons who have won Nobel Prizes.
这使他们成为获得诺贝尔奖的六对父子之一。
In 1945, Sir Alexander Fleming of Scotland was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his discovery of penicillin.
1945年,苏格兰的亚历山大·弗莱明爵士因发现青霉素被授予诺贝尔医学奖.
His discovery saved many lives and changed medicine forever.
他的发现拯救了多人的生命并永远地改变了药物.
Economics In 2003, Clive Granger and Robert Engle won the Nobel Prize in Economics.
2003年克列夫·格兰杰和罗伯特·恩格尔获得诺贝尔经济学奖.
Their work showed how the world can avoid serious financial problems.
他们的工作表明,世界如何能够避免严重的财政问题。
Literature Ernest Hemingway, an American writer, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.
文学家欧内斯特·海明威是一位美国作家,1954年被授予诺贝尔文学奖.
He won for “his mastery of the art of narrative . . .
他赢得了“对叙事艺术的掌握......。
and for the influence . . .
并为了影响.
on contemporary style.”
当代风格。 “
Colombian-born Gabriel García Márquez, a very different type of writer, received the prize in 1982.
哥伦比亚出生的加布里埃尔·加西亚 马尔克斯是一个非常不同的作家类型,于1982年获得该奖.
The committee praised his novels, where fantasy and reality “are combined in a richly composed world of imagination.”
委员会赞扬他所写的小说,其中幻想和现实“在一个充满想象力的世界中结合在一起。 “
These are just two examples of award winners in literature who have influenced writers for years to come.
这些只是文学中影响作家多年的获奖者的两个例子.
Peace Three very famous Nobel Peace prizewinners were Dr.
三位著名的诺贝尔和平奖得主是博士。
Martin Luther King Jr., Mother Teresa, and Nelson Mandela.
小马丁·路德·金,母亲特蕾莎和纳尔逊·曼德拉.
All three worked to improve the lives of people suffering as a result of injustice.
这三个组织都致力于改善因不公正而受苦受难者的生活。
In 1964, the Nobel Peace Prize honored Dr.
1964年,诺贝尔和平奖授予了"博士".
King’s fight for civil rights in the United States.
国王在美国争取民权.
Mother Teresa received the prize in 1979 for caring for poor people in India.
特蕾莎修女于1979年因照顾印度的穷人而获奖.
Nelson Mandela was awarded the prize in 1993 for his struggle against South Africa’s unfair political system.
纳尔逊·曼德拉因与南非不公平政治制度的斗争而于1993年被授予该奖.
The youngest person to win a Nobel Prize is Malala Yousafzai (muh-LAH-lah YOO-suf-zy).
获得诺贝尔奖的最年轻的是马拉拉·优素福扎伊(muh-LAH-lah YOO-suf-zy).
She received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 at age seventeen.
她17岁时获得2014年诺贝尔和平奖.
In some parts of her home country of Pakistan, a political group banned education for girls.
在她的祖国巴基斯坦的一些地区,一个政治团体禁止女孩接受教育。
Malala fought to change that and, in 2012, was attacked and nearly killed.
马拉拉为改变这种状况而战,2012年被袭击并差点被杀死.
She recovered and bravely continues her fight today.
她康复后勇敢地继续了今天的战斗.
Nobel Controversies When Yasser Arafat (YAH-sur AIR-uh-fat), head of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), won the Peace Prize in 1994, many were upset.
当1994年巴勒斯坦解放组织(巴解组织)领导人亚西尔·阿拉法特(YAH-sur AIR-uh-fat)获得和平奖时,许多人感到不快。
Along with Israeli leaders Yitzhak Rabin (yits-HAHK ruh-BEEN) and Shimon Peres (shee-MOHN PAIR-iss), Arafat won for his work for peace in the Middle East.
阿拉法特与以色列领导人伊扎克·拉宾(yits-HAHK ruh-BENE)和西蒙·佩雷斯(shee-MOHN PAIR-iss)一道,赢得了中东和平工作的胜利。
The PLO was considered by some to be terrorists, but the Nobel Committee wouldn’t change their minds.
但诺贝尔委员会不会改变主意。
Others were angry when American Secretary of State Henry Kissinger won the prize in 1973.
1973年美国国务卿亨利·基辛格获奖后,其他人也感到愤怒.
Kissinger worked to end the Vietnam War.
基辛格致力于结束越南战争.
However, he had also been involved in attacks on Vietnam and nearby countries that killed many people.
然而,他也参与了对越南和附近国家的袭击,造成多人死亡.
Even President Obama’s Nobel Peace Prize in 2009 was questioned.
甚至奥巴马总统2009年的诺贝尔和平奖也受到质疑.
The election of an African American president filled many with hope.
一位非裔美国总统的选举给许多人带来了希望。
Yet in 2009, he had just been elected, so it was not clear what he had done to earn the prize.
然而在2009年,他刚刚当选,因此不清楚他为赢得奖项做了什么。
The award even surprised the president himself.
该奖项甚至让总统本人感到惊讶.
The Reward The Nobel Foundation awards cash, a diploma, and a gold medal to each prizewinner.
奖励 诺贝尔基金会向每个获奖者颁发现金,文凭和金牌.
The cash amount changes based on whether it is given to one individual or shared among a group of people.
现金数额根据是给一个人还是由一组人分享而变化。
In 2015, the amount of an individual prize was just under one million U.S.
2015年,个人奖金数额刚刚低于一百万美国.
dollars.
钱
Then a big party is thrown in the Stockholm City Hall in Sweden.
然后在瑞典斯德哥尔摩市政厅举行盛会.
There are speeches, music, dancing, and a fancy dinner.
里面有演讲,音乐,舞蹈,还有一场豪华的晚餐.
Conclusion The Nobel Prize has had a very positive influence on the entire world.
结论 诺贝尔奖对全世界产生了非常积极的影响.
The awards show the work and dreams of great minds from around the globe.
这些奖项展示了来自全球各地的伟大人才的作品和梦想.
The money and fame allow these amazing people to keep working.
金钱和名声让这些神奇的人继续工作.
The prizes honor freedom, peace, and the goal of improving life for everyone.
奖项纪念自由,和平,以及改善每个人生活的目标.