LEVELED BOOK • TA New Skyline
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Growing the Big Apple.
4"种植大苹果".
5 Building an Empire.
5 建设帝国.
8 Twin Giants Rise, Then Fall.
8个双子巨人崛起,后被倒下.
10 A New Tower Rises from the Ashes.
10 从灰地起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
16 Introduction What would Paris be without the Eiffel Tower, or London without its clock tower, Big Ben?
导言 没有埃菲尔铁塔,或者没有钟楼的伦敦,巴黎会是什么,大本?
Famous structures such as these, along with surrounding buildings, create an outline against the sky, called a skyline.
这样的出名建筑,同周围建筑一起,形成了一个反天的轮廓,被称作"天际线".
Skylines identify places, just as your fingerprints identify you.
天线识别地点 就像你的指纹识别你一样
Unlike fingerprints, however, skylines don’t stay the same forever.
但与指纹不同, 天际线并非永远不变。
They change, sometimes slowly and sometimes suddenly.
它们变了,有时缓慢,有时突然.
New York City is a great example of a place whose skyline has seen both slow and rapid change.
纽约市是一个伟大的例子,表明一个其天际线既缓慢又迅速变化的地方。
In recent years, New York’s skyline has changed dramatically.
近年来,纽约的天线发生了巨大的变化.
Buildings and structures have risen, fallen, and risen again.
建筑物和结构上升、倒塌、再起。
Growing the Big Apple New York City was first settled in the seventeenth century.
种植大苹果纽约市最早于17世纪定居.
During the nineteenth century, its population exploded.
19世纪期间,其人口爆炸.
The end of the Civil War brought freed slaves from the South in search of work.
内战的结束使南方解放出奴隶来寻找工作.
Later, waves of Europeans immigrated to the United States through the port of New York.
后来,一波又一波由纽约港移民到美国.
Many of them stayed on New York’s Manhattan Island.
许多人留在纽约曼哈顿岛。
By the late 1800s, New York was the most densely populated city in the country.
到1800年代末,纽约是该国人口最稠密的城市.
By 1925, it was the most densely populated city in the world.
到1925年,它是世界上人口最稠密的城市.
People needed places to live, work, and shop.
人们需要生活、工作和购物的地方。
The city grew northward as more stores, factories, and homes were built.
随着更多的商店,工厂,和住宅的建造,城市向北发展.
However, Manhattan Island is only about 23 square miles (59.
不过,曼哈顿 岛屿仅约23平方英里(59.
6 sq km) in area.
面积6平方公里)。
Soon there was nowhere left to build.
不久,无地可建.
The only place to grow was up.
唯一能成长的地方是上.
To do that, different building methods had to be used.
为此,必须采用不同的建筑方法。
Old methods had always used walls to support a building’s weight.
旧的方法总是用墙来支撑建筑物的重量。
The walls on the ground floor had to be strong enough to support the floors and roof above them.
地上层的墙壁必须足够坚固,可以支撑地上层和屋顶.
This requirement limited a building’s height.
这一要求限制了建筑物的高度。
There was no practical way to make walls thick and strong enough to support a building with many floors.
没有实际的办法使墙壁厚而坚固,足以支撑一栋多层楼的建筑.
A new method involved using a steel frame instead of walls to support the structure.
一种新方法涉及使用钢架而不是墙来支撑结构。
Huge steel beams were connected to form the building’s skeleton.
巨大的钢梁连接起来,形成大楼的骨架。
Then the walls were hung from the beams and attached at the bottom to the floor.
后来墙被从梁上吊起并被接入地底.
The walls of the building’s upper floors did not weigh heavily on the lower floors’ walls.
大楼上层的墙壁在下层的墙上没有被重压.
The steel frame beams held them up.
钢框梁挡住他们了
Steel frame construction made it possible for buildings to reach new heights.
钢架施工使得建筑能够达到新的高度.
By the turn of the twentieth century, New York City was home to many huge structures called skyscrapers.
到20世纪之交,纽约市是许多被称作"摩天大楼"的巨大建筑的所在地.
Soon skyscrapers were going up one after another as builders and architects competed to make the world’s tallest building.
很快,摩天大楼随着建筑师和建筑师的争夺而相继升起,成为了世界上最高的建筑.
An 1884 illustration of Lower Manhattan Island shows how little of the city’s skyline had grown at that time.
1884年下曼哈顿岛的一幅插图显示,当时该市的天线发展得很少.
Building an Empire In 1928, the builder of the seventy-seven-story Chrysler Building wanted to make it the world’s tallest.
建立一个帝国 1928年,七十七层克赖斯勒建筑的建造者想使它成为世界最高.
The builder attached a tall spire onto the top of his structure.
建筑工在他的结构上方加了个高高的花圈.
In 1930, the Chrysler Building became the world’s tallest structure.
1930年,克莱斯勒大楼成为了世界最高建筑.
It also became the only building to stand taller than 1,000 feet (305 m).
它也成为了唯一高过1000英尺(305米)的建筑.
The Chrysler Building’s reign would not last.
克莱斯勒大楼的统治不会持久。
Just blocks away, a giant was rising.
就在街外,一个巨人正在崛起
The Empire State Building was soon the world’s tallest, and would also become a famous New York City landmark.
帝国大厦很快成为了世界最高的建筑,同时也将成为著名的纽约市地标.
The Chrysler Building was funded by businessman Walter Chrysler.
克莱斯勒大楼由商人沃尔特·克莱斯勒出资.
Workers began construction on the Empire State Building in January 1930.
1930年1月,工人开始在帝国大厦上施工.
More than 3,000 workers finished construction just 410 days later.
超过3000名工人在410天后才完成施工.
The steel and granite building had 103 floors and stood over 1,400 feet (427 m) tall.
钢和花岗岩建筑有103层,高1400多英尺(427米).
The building had 64 working elevators.
该建筑有64个工作电梯.
It took less than one minute to get to the 80th floor.
到达80层不到一分钟.
People could visit an outside observation deck on the 86th floor or an inside deck on the 102nd floor.
人们可以参观86层外观甲板或102层内观甲板.
The Empire State Building was a symbol of New York City and was featured in many books and movies.
"帝国大厦"是纽约市的标志,在许多书籍和电影中被取景.
It was the world’s tallest building for nearly forty years, until twin giants rose from Lower Manhattan.
在曼哈顿下城的双胞胎巨人崛起之前,这是近40年来全球最高的建筑。
Twin Giants Rise, Then Fall After the Empire State Building was completed, skyscraper construction slowed down.
双子巨人崛起后,在帝国大厦完工后,摩天大楼的建设放缓.
Giant structures cost a lot to build, and the American economy was not doing well.
巨型结构造价高,而美国经济表现不佳.
It was not until 1970 that the city’s skyline would grow even higher.
直到1970年,该市的天际线才会增长得更高.
In the 1960s, city officials decided to build a center for international commerce in Lower Manhattan.
20世纪60年代,城市官员决定在下曼哈顿建立一个国际商务中心.
The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was in charge of this new “world trade center.”
纽约和新泽西港务局负责这个新的“世界贸易中心”。 “
Architect Minoru Yamasaki designed the buildings.
建筑师山崎实一设计了这些建筑.
He proposed twin towers as part of a multibuilding complex.
他提出双塔作为多建筑建筑群的一部分.
The Port Authority The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey is an organization formed in 1921.
纽约和新泽西港务局是一个成立于1921年的组织.
Its purpose was to develop and operate trade and transportation facilities in both New Jersey and New York City.
其目的是在新泽西和纽约市发展和经营贸易和运输设施。
The Port Authority still owns and manages much of the 16-acre (64,750 sq m) World Trade Center complex.
港务局仍然拥有并管理着大部分16英亩(64,750平方公尺)的世界贸易中心建筑群.
The Port Authority was in charge of building the George Washington Bridge, which connects Manhattan and New Jersey.
港务局负责建造连接曼哈顿和新泽西的乔治·华盛顿大桥.
The Empire State Building during construction (above) and completed (below).
帝国大厦建设期间(上)并完工(下).
Four-and-a-half stories were added per week.
每周会增加四个半的故事.
The 110-story towers would include some structural innovations.
110层的塔楼将包括一些结构革新。
One was the use of tube-frame construction.
一是使用管框结构。
Each tower was similar to a hollow square pipe.
每个塔都类似于空心平方管.
Along the outside walls of the building were columns spaced close together.
沿着大楼外墙,柱子相距相近。
This reduced the need for inside support columns and created more usable floor space inside.
这减少了对内部支持柱的需求,并在内部创造了更多可用的地板空间.
Another innovation was the use of sky lobbies.
另一项创新是使用天空游说。
Skyscrapers need many elevators.
Skyscrapers需要许多电梯.
Yamasaki proposed an elevator system modeled after the city’s subway system.
山崎提出以城市地铁系统为模式的电梯系统.
The towers had both express and local elevators, just as the subway had express and local trains.
正如地铁有快铁和当地的列车一样,这些塔楼有快铁和当地的电梯。
People could take an express elevator straight to a sky lobby on the forty-fourth floor.
人们可以搭乘特快电梯直达44层的天上大厅.
Then they’ d transfer to a local elevator that would stop at every floor above to get to their offices.
然后他们转到当地电梯,
This system was an efficient way to transport people vertically.
该系统是垂直运送人员的有效方式。
It reduced the number of elevator shafts needed.
它减少了需要的电梯轴.
Construction began in 1966 and took four years.
1966年开工建设,历时四年.
The North Tower was completed in December 1970.
北塔于1970年12月完工.
It stood 1,727 feet (526 m) tall at the tip of its spire.
它的尖端有1,727英尺(526米)高.
A restaurant atop the building called Windows on the World offered diners a breathtaking view.
一个叫Windows的餐厅 给餐厅提供了令人惊叹的景色
The South Tower, reaching 1,362 feet (415 m) high, was finished seven months later.
南塔高至1,362英尺(415米),7个月后完工.
Beneath both buildings was a parking garage; below that were railroad and subway stations.
两座建筑下面都是停车场;下面是火车站和地铁站。
Who Was Elisha Otis?
伊莉莎·奥蒂斯是谁?
How were people supposed to reach the top floors of a skyscraper?
人们怎么到达摩天大楼的顶层?
Climbing hundreds of stairs wasn’t a good option—elevators were needed.
爬上数百个楼梯并不是个好办法,
Early elevators, however, weren’t as safe as they should have been.
早期的电梯并不像他们本该安全。
Thanks to Elisha Otis, this problem was fixed.
多亏了艾莉莎 奥蒂斯,这个问题已经解决了。
Otis designed the first safety elevator in 1854.
奥蒂斯于1854年设计了第一台安全电梯.
The elevator’s platform would fall only a few inches if the cable holding it broke.
电梯的站台只有几英寸,
He also designed engines to power the elevator.
他还设计了为电梯提供动力的发动机.
Without a doubt, Otis’s invention was necessary to the development of tall buildings.
毫无疑问,奥蒂斯的发明对于高楼的发展是必要的.
The next time you’re in an elevator, there’s a good chance you’ll see the name “Otis” somewhere inside!
下次你乘坐电梯时,
Otis Over 3,500 workers helped build the World Trade Center’s twin towers during their peak of construction.
Otis公司超过3500名工人在建造高峰期间帮助建造了世界贸易中心的双塔.
The Twin Towers were a striking addition to the city’s skyline.
双塔是该市天际线上令人瞩目的新增.
For thirty years, the World Trade Center towers were the tallest buildings in New York.
30年来,世界贸易中心塔楼是纽约最高的建筑.
Then disaster struck.
然后灾难降临
On the morning of September 11, 2001, hijackers flew two passenger jets into the towers.
2001年9月11日上午,劫机者出动了两架客机入塔.
Within an hour after the attack, the South Tower began to fall and crumble to the ground.
进攻后一小时内,南塔开始倒塌并倒塌倒地.
The North Tower soon followed.
北塔不久也随之而来.
New Yorkers watched in disbelief as these enormous structures were reduced to heaps of burning rubble.
纽约人难以置信地看到,这些巨大的结构被缩小成一团被烧毁的瓦砾。
Nearly three thousand people died as a result of the attack.
近3000人被袭击而死.
A New Tower Rises from the Ashes The World Trade Center tragedy was devastating.
世界贸易中心的悲剧是毁灭性的。
New Yorkers mourned the loss of their neighbors and their landmark.
纽约人哀悼邻居和地标上的失联.
They vowed to rebuild the World Trade Center.
他们发誓要重建世贸中心.
Excavating the ruins of the old towers took time.
挖掘出旧塔的废墟需要时间.
Plans for the site took years to develop.
该地的计划历时数年才制定.
There were many construction ideas and strong opinions about what should be built on the site.
对于该地应当建设什么,有许多建筑理念和强烈意见.
Finally, the Port Authority unveiled the design for the new World Trade Center complex.
最后,港务局公布了新的世界贸易中心建筑群的设计。
One area was set aside as a memorial park for those who had lost their lives that day.
其中一个地区被划为纪念当天丧生者的纪念公园.
The sites of the original buildings are now pools with cascading waterfalls.
原建筑遗址现为有相接瀑布的水池.
A memorial museum contains items from the old towers.
一座纪念博物馆内有旧塔所出的物品.
On September 11, 2001, terrorists flew two planes into the Twin Towers.
2001年9月11日,恐怖分子飞出两架飞机进入"双塔".
One of the two reflecting pools at the World Trade Center Memorial.
世界贸易中心纪念馆的两个反射池之一.
Both feature the largest human-made waterfalls in the United States.
两者均是美国最大的人造瀑布.
Nearby, a new 104-story tower has been constructed.
附近新建了104层的塔楼.
Nicknamed the Freedom Tower, the structure rises an astonishing 1,776 feet (541 m).
尼克取名"自由塔",该建筑起立了惊人的1,776英尺(541米).
The building’s height symbolizes the year of the United States’ independence.
该建筑的高度象征着美国独立的一年.
At the top is a lighted spire that is visible for miles.
顶部是一个灯光的花状花序,可以看见几英里.
Several other high-rise buildings are being constructed at the site as well.
另有几所高层建筑也在现场建造。
By the year 2020, the new World Trade Center complex should be complete.
到2020年,新的"世界贸易中心"建筑群应当完成.
New York’s ever-changing skyline will reflect the spirit of a city that continues to adapt and grow.
纽约不断变化的天际线将反映一个继续适应和发展的城市的精神。
Glossary architects (n.)
词汇设计师(不详)
people who design buildings (p.
设计建筑的人(p.
6) commerce (n.)
6) 通商 (n.
the buying and selling of goods; business or trade (p.
(一) 买卖货物;
10) complex (n.)
10) 复杂(n.
a group of buildings close to one another used for a common purpose (p.
用于共同目的的一组相近建筑物(p.
10) efficient (adj.)
10) 效率(adj.)
making good use of time or resources (p.
充分利用时间或资源(p.
12) excavating (v.)
12)出土(五.
uncovering or digging out (p.
发现或挖掘(p.
14) innovations (n.)
14) 创新(n.)
new ideas, products, or ways of doing something (p.
新的思想,产品,或做某事的方法(p.
11) landmark (n.)
11)地标(n.
an important historical building or site; an object on land that marks a place (p.
重要历史建筑或遗址; 地上标有地标的物体(p.
8) populated (adj.)
8) 人口稠密(adj.
inhabited by living things (p.
居住着活物(p.
5) skeleton (n.)
5) 骨架 (n.
a framework that supports a structure, such as a building (p.
一个支持建筑物等结构的框架(p.
6) spire (n.)
6）尖塔（名词）
the pointed top of a tower or other building (p.
塔或其他建筑的尖顶(p.
8) unveiled (v.)
8)揭幕(五.
uncovered or revealed (p.
发现或披露(p.
14) vertically (adv.)
14)垂直(adv.
in a way that is straight up and down (p.
直上而下(p.
12) One World Trade Center, completed in 2014, is over 400 feet (122 m) taller than the original Twin Towers.
12) 1个世界贸易中心于2014年完工,比原双塔高400多英尺(122米).