Lost Civilization
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents The Island of Crete.
克里特岛目录.
4 The First People in Crete.
4克来特第一人.
6 The Minoan Culture.
6"米诺安文化".
8 The Explosion of Thera.
8"Thera爆炸".
11 Did Thera Destroy the Minoans?
11号是塞拉摧毁了米诺安人吗?
14 The Greek Invasion.
14 希腊入侵。
15 Was Crete Atlantis?
15是克里特亚特兰蒂斯?
17 Glossary.
17 词汇表。
19 Index.
19 指数。
20 The Island of Crete South of Greece there is a large island called Crete.
20 希腊克列特南岛有一个叫克列特的大岛.
The island has many mountains.
岛上多有山.
It is in a beautiful part of the Mediterranean Sea called the Aegean (ih-JEE-uhn) Sea.
它位于地中海美丽的一带,被称作爱琴海(ih-JEE-uhn).
Today, Crete is a part of the country of Greece, but long ago, Crete was its own nation.
今天克来特是希腊国家的一部分,但很久以前克来特是它自己的国家.
It was home to a great group of people and culture known as the Minoan civilization.
它是被称为"米诺安文明"的一大批人和文化的家园.
Between the years of about 2600 bc and 1450 bc, the Minoan civilization prospered on Crete.
在大约2600 bc到1450 bc的年间,米诺安文明在克里特上繁荣.
Hundreds of years of trading with other countries around the Mediterranean Sea had made the Minoans rich.
与地中海周边其他国家的数百年贸易使米诺安人变得富有.
Then it seemed as though the Minoan civilization disappeared overnight.
似乎米诺安文明一夜之间消失了
A mystery was born.
一个谜团诞生了。
How could a rich nation that was a leader among other nations suddenly disappear?
一个在其他国家中担任领袖的富国怎么会突然消失?
The First People in Crete The first people on Crete probably settled on the island about 8,000 years ago.
克里特省的第一人 克里特岛上最早的人大概是在大约8000年前就定居在岛上了.
Researchers believe they came from the area known today as Turkey.
研究者相信他们来自今天被称为"土耳其"的地区.
Since Crete is an island, people had to use ships to settle there.
由于克里特岛是一个岛屿,人们不得不用船只去那里定居.
These people would have brought their knowledge of farming and of the sea.
这些人本可以带给他们关于农业和海洋的知识。
Someone You Should Know In Greek mythology, Minos was the son of the Greek god Zeus and ruled the island of Crete from his palace at Knossos.
你该认识的人 在希腊神话中,米诺斯是希腊神宙斯之子,从克诺索斯的王宫统治克勒特岛.
The word Minoan means “of Minos.”
Minoan一词的意思是“Minos。 “
One of the first people to study the ancient civilization on Crete named it “Minoan” after King Minos.
最早研究克里特岛古文明的人之一以米诺斯王命名为"米诺安".
Some research suggests there might be some truth in stories from Greek mythology.
一些研究表明,希腊神话故事中可能有一些真理.
Some researchers think Minos was a title given to all rulers of Crete during the time period from about 3000 bc to 1000 bc known as the Bronze Age.
一些研究者认为米诺斯是克勒特所有统治者在从大约3000 bc到1000 bc这段时期获得的头衔,被称为"青铜时代".
Minoan art shows what kind of ships the people of Crete used.
米诺安的艺术展现出克里特人使用的船型.
Researchers have learned that the soil on Crete was good for growing food.
研究人员得知克里特岛上的土壤有利于种植食物.
The Minoans raised sheep and grew olives and grapes.
米诺人养羊并种出橄榄和葡萄.
As the people’s ability to create goods (such as olive oil, wine, and wool) grew, so did their civilization.
随着人们创造商品的能力(如橄榄油、葡萄酒和羊毛)的增强,他们的文明也随之增长。
The island’s forests were full of trees that were cut down for wood.
岛上的森林里全是被砍伐为木材的树木。
The Minoans used the wood to build ships.
米诺人用木来造船.
They used the ships to carry goods to trade with other nations.
他们利用船只运送货物与其他国家进行贸易.
The Minoan Culture By about 3000 bc, the Minoans had become great traders.
米诺安文化 到3000bc左右,米诺人已经成为了伟大的商人.
The Minoans traded their goods with their Mediterranean neighbors for gemstones, ivory, silver, gold, and copper.
米诺安人与地中海邻国以宝石,象牙,白银,黄金和铜等商品进行交易.
These things were not found on Crete so the people valued them.
克里特岛上没有这些东西 所以人们重视它们
The Minoans grew rich through trade.
米诺人通过贸易致富.
The Minoan civilization became more advanced over time.
米诺安文明随着时间推移变得更加先进.
They had a system of writing and created many fine works of art, such as frescoes, pottery, and jewelry.
他们有一个写作系统,并创作出许多精美的艺术品,如壁画,陶器和珠宝等.
They built more towns and connected the towns with paved roads.
他们建造了更多的城镇,并以铺设的道路连接了城镇.
They built storehouses to keep the goods to be traded.
他们建造了仓库,以保存交易货物。
They built fine houses and large palaces.
他们建造了精美的房屋和大型的宫殿.
The palaces became the centers of society.
宫殿成为了社会的中心.
Much of what we know about the Minoan civilization is a theory.
关于米诺安文明,我们所了解的大多是一个理论.
A theory is an idea or a group of ideas based on evidence.
一个理论是一种基于证据的思想或一组思想.
Examples of evidence are objects such as buildings or art that can be studied by researchers.
证据的例子是指研究者可以研究的建筑物或艺术等物体.
Crete’s farmland is still great for growing food.
克里特的农田对于种植粮食来说仍然很大。
Researchers looked at the type of gems used in Minoan jewelry and then found the mountains from which the gems were mined.
研究人员研究了米诺安珠宝中使用的宝石类型,然后发现了从中开采出宝石的山.
Researchers also studied the type of clay used in the pottery.
研究人员还研究了陶器中使用的粘土类型.
Frescoes and pottery are important pieces of evidence that often show how people lived.
弗雷斯科斯和陶器是重要证据,经常显示人们是如何生活的.
Many Minoan works of art show scenes of daily life.
许多米诺安的艺术作品展现出日常生活的场景.
Minoan frescoes and pottery show the people farming, sailing, and celebrating.
米诺安壁画和陶器向人们展示农活,出航,并庆祝.
They show how Minoans dressed and wore their hair.
他们展示了米诺安人如何穿戴发型.
Another important piece to understanding the Minoans is that their frescoes and pottery show few scenes of battles.
了解米诺安人的另一个重要作品是他们的壁画和陶器很少显示战斗的场景.
This tells researchers that the Minoan people were mostly peaceful and had few enemies who challenged their power.
这告诉研究人员,米诺安人大多是和平的,很少有敌人挑战他们的力量.
The Minoan civilization reached its peak in the years after about 1700 bc.
米诺安文明在大约1700 bc后的几年里达到了顶峰.
Then, beginning in about 1450 bc, the civilization collapsed.
随后从大约1450 bc起,文明崩溃.
There is evidence that many of its cities and palaces burned.
有证据表明它的许多城市和宫殿被烧毁.
By about 1100 bc, the Minoan civilization no longer existed.
到约1100 bc,米诺安文明已不存在.
Researchers have tried to solve the mystery of what happened to the Minoans by studying the evidence.
研究人员试图通过研究证据来解开米诺安人遭遇的谜团.
For a long time, many historians thought a volcano was the cause.
长期以来,许多历史学家认为火山是原因.
Researchers have studied the palace ruins at Malia to learn about Minoan culture.
研究人员研究了马利亚的宫殿废墟,以了解米诺安文化.
This drinking vessel shows scenes of boxing, bull-leaping, and wrestling.
这艘酒船展示了拳击,放牛和摔跤的场景.
The Explosion of Thera The Minoans lived near an island called Thera (now called Santorini).
塞拉的爆炸 米诺安人居住在一个叫特拉岛(现在叫"圣托里尼")附近.
The island was about 70 miles (40 km) north of Crete.
该岛在克里特岛以北约70英里(40公里).
The island of Thera had been an active volcano off and on for many thousands of years.
塞拉岛是一座活跃的火山 数千年来
But then the volcano became quiet long enough for people to think the island was safe, so people built cities there.
但后来火山变得安静了足够长的时间,人们以为该岛是安全的,所以人们在那里建造了城市.
However, a large amount of magma was building deep beneath the island.
然而,大量岩浆正在岛上深处建造。
(Magma is melted rock mixed with hot gases.)
(玛格玛被熔化的岩石和热气体混合.
The build-up of magma caused great pressure within the mountain island.
岩浆的积聚给山地岛内部造成了巨大的压力.
The pressure caused the land to shake, causing earthquakes.
压力使地势起摇,引发了地震.
Then one day, after several earthquakes, Thera blew its top!
然后有一天,经过几次地震, 塞拉炸了它的顶!
The eruption of Thera was one of the most powerful eruptions in history.
塞拉的喷发是历史上最强大的喷发之一.
You may have seen pictures of Mount Saint Helens, the volcano that erupted in Washington State in 1980.
你可能见过圣海伦斯山的照片 1980年华盛顿州爆发的火山
That was a big eruption, but it was tiny compared to Thera.
那是个大爆发,但比起塞拉,它很小。
The eruption of Thera was about twelve times bigger than the eruption of Mount Saint Helens.
特拉的喷发比圣海伦斯山的喷发大了约12倍.
Large amounts of rock, hot gases, and ashes were blown from inside the volcano into the skies above it.
大量的岩石,热气和灰烬从火山内部被吹入上方的天空.
Rocks and ash fell onto the islands throughout the Aegean Sea.
整个爱琴海的岩石和灰烬都倒入了群岛上.
Small rocks, gases, and ash formed a gigantic dark cloud.
小的岩石,气体和灰烬 形成了巨大的黑云
Thera’s eruption was so large it caused a large sea wave called a tsunami (tsoo-NOM-ee).
塞拉的喷发如此之大,
The wave may have been 100 feet high, or even higher.
波浪可能高达100英尺,甚至更高.
The tsunami crashed into shores around the Mediterranean.
海啸坠入地中海沿岸
The land on many islands was covered with water.
许多岛屿上的土地被水覆盖.
Farms and even whole cities were lost.
农场,甚至整个城市都失去了。
After the eruption, all that was left of the middle of the island of Thera was a large hole.
喷发后,塞拉岛中部所剩的都是个大洞.
A large hole caused by the collapse of a volcano is called a caldera (call-DARE-uh).
由火山倒塌所生出的一个大洞被称作"火山口"(call-DARE-uh).
The caldera filled up with water from the sea.
由出出海出取出出出入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入出出出出出出出入入入出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出入出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出
The island of Thera became the shape of a crescent.
塞拉岛成为了月亮的形状.
Did Thera Destroy the Minoans?
塞拉摧毁了米诺安人吗?
For a long time, researchers thought that the eruption of Thera caused the disappearance of the Minoans on Crete.
在很长一段时间里,研究人员认为特拉的喷发导致了克列特岛上的米诺安人失踪.
They believed the two events happened at the same time.
他们相信这两起事件同时发生.
However, later evidence showed that the volcano on Thera erupted about 180 years before the Minoans disappeared.
然而,后期有证据表明,在米诺安人消失约180年前,特拉岛上的火山就已经爆发了.
So did that make researchers think the volcano theory was wrong?
研究者认为火山理论是错误的吗?
Well, not exactly.
不尽然
Some researchers now think that the eruption of Thera may have played a part in the Minoans’ disappearance.
有些研究者现在认为,Thera的喷发可能对米诺安人失踪起了一定作用.
Thera’s eruption may have weakened the Minoans.
塞拉的喷发可能削弱了米诺安人.
The tsunami would have destroyed many of the Minoan ships and ports along Crete’s shores and ruined crops as well.
海啸会摧毁克里特沿岸的米诺安船只和港口,
This would have left the Minoans with few goods to trade and few trading ships.
这将使米诺安人没有多少货物进行贸易,也没有多少贸易船。
The earthquakes before the eruption could have destroyed Crete’s cities as well.
火山爆发前的地震也可能摧毁克里特的城市。
All these losses would have made the people who survived very sad.
所有这些损失都会使幸存下来的人们感到非常悲伤.
They would have had to find lots of money and energy to rebuild Crete.
他们得找很多钱和精力来重建克里特.
These losses made Crete open to enemies as it had never been before.
这些损失 克里特向敌人敞开大门,这是以前从未有过的
Thera’s volcano collapsed, leaving a huge hole in the center of the island.
塞拉火山倒塌,在岛中心留下了巨大的洞.
It divided the large island into two smaller islands.
它将大岛分为两个较小的岛屿.
The Greek Invasion Beginning in about 1450 bc, Crete was invaded by people from Greece.
希腊入侵从大约1450年bc开始,克里特被希腊人入侵.
They were called the Mycenaeans (my-suh-NEE-unz).
他们被称为"妙能"(My-shuh-NEE-unz).
It was probably the Mycenaeans who struck the final blow that ended the Minoan civilization.
可能是密克纳人发动了最后一击,结束了米诺安文明.
The Minoans were weakened by the eruption of Thera.
米诺安人被特拉的爆发所削弱.
They could not gather the strength they needed to keep themselves safe from the Mycenaeans.
他们无法集聚必要的力量来保护自己远离密克纳人.
The Mycenaeans were fighters.
密克纳人曾是战士.
They took over cities.
他们接管了城市。
Researchers know this because tales of their fights were written down.
研究人员之所以知道这一点,是因为他们的战斗故事被记下来了.
These writings can be read today.
这些著作今天可以读取.
Many people know about the Mycenaeans through a tale written by a man named Homer.
许多人通过一个叫荷马的人所写的一则故事来了解"妙花".
Some researchers think that Homer lived around 1200 bc.
一些研究者认为霍默活了大约1200 bc.
Homer wrote about a city named Troy and the Mycenaeans’ fight to win back a woman named Helen.
荷马写到一个叫特洛伊的城市和密克纳人为取回一个叫海伦的女人而战.
Homer’s tale was believed to be fictional until researchers discovered a very old city in Turkey that seemed to match the city of Troy that Homer described.
荷马的故事被认为是虚构的,直到研究人员在土耳其发现了一个似乎与荷马描述的特洛伊市相匹配的非常古老的城市.
Ruins in Turkey, above, helped suggest Homer’s writings about Troy were true.
土耳其的Ruins在上文帮助说明荷马关于特洛伊的著作是真实的.
This Mycenaean vase decorated with warriors shows spears and an early kind of armor.
这种由勇士所装饰的密克纳花瓶,展示了长矛和早期的盔甲.
Because of the greatness of Minoan Crete and the fact that it seemed to disappear, some people think it may be Plato’s Atlantis.
由于米诺安·克来特的伟大和似乎消失的事实,有些人认为可能是柏拉图的"亚特兰蒂斯".
Some people think that by studying Plato’s stories about Atlantis, they can learn more about the collapse of the Minoan civilization.
有些人认为,通过研究柏拉图关于亚特兰蒂斯的故事,他们可以更多地了解米诺安文明的崩溃.
Whether or not Crete was Atlantis, many people are intrigued by both mysteries.
不管克里特是否是亚特兰蒂斯 很多人都对这两个谜团感兴趣
They like finding a way to solve them.
他们喜欢找到解决的办法
Researchers study evidence in hopes that they might put a piece of the puzzle of Atlantis and the disappearance of Minoan Crete in place.
研究者研究证据,希望他们能把亚特兰蒂斯的谜题和米诺安·克来特的消失放入原地.
Maybe there will not be an answer to what really happened, but one thing is sure—the search for answers will continue.
也许不会找到真正发生的事情的答案,但有一点是肯定的——寻找答案的工作将继续进行。
Was Crete Atlantis?
是克里特亚特兰蒂斯吗?
Many people are beginning to think that Homer’s tales are real stories.
许多人开始认为霍默的故事是真实的故事.
They think the tales tell about real cities and real people who lived a very long time ago.
他们认为故事讲述的是真实的城市和生活在很久以前的真人.
They think that if Homer’s stories have some truth, then perhaps other ancient writers’ tales are also true.
他们认为,如果荷马的故事有一些真理,那么也许其他古代作家的故事也是真实的.
An old Greek philosopher (deep thinker) named Plato told a very interesting story.
一个叫柏拉图的古希腊哲学家(深思熟虑)讲述了一个非常有趣的故事.
He said there was once a great island country that disappeared.
他说曾经有一个伟大的岛屿国家消失了.
He called the country Atlantis.
他叫亚特兰蒂斯
Plato said Atlantis had been destroyed by a terrible disaster.
柏拉图说亚特兰蒂斯被一场可怕的灾难所摧毁.
The disaster caused the country to sink under the sea, never to be seen again.
这场灾难使国家沉入了海底,再也见不到了.
According to Plato, Atlantis was larger than Libya and Asia combined (larger than the continental United States).
根据柏拉图的说法,亚特兰蒂斯比利比亚和亚洲的总和还大(比大陆美国大).
He wrote that Atlantis’s kings, who were descended from the sea and earthquake god Poseidon, had power over the entire known world.
他写道,亚特兰蒂斯的国王们,从海中和地震神波塞冬所降下来,对整个已知的世界拥有权力.
Plato’s Atlantis Plato wrote about Atlantis twice about a decade or so before his death in 348 bc.
柏拉图的"亚特兰蒂斯·柏拉图"(Atlantis Plato)在他于348 bc去世前大约十年左右两次写下亚特兰蒂斯.
He wrote of an ideal civilization that existed millions of years before the time of his writing.
他所写的是一个理想的文明,在他写作时已经存在了数百万年.