Drums and Drumming
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 A Drum Is.
4 A Drum Is. (英语).
5 Cylinder-shaped Drums.
5个圆柱形鼓.
6 Kettle-shaped Drums.
6克特尔形鼓.
7 How Drums Are Used.
7 鼓是如何使用的。
9 Communication.
9 通讯。
10 Healing Power of Drums.
10"收治鼓"之力.
14 The World of Drums.
14 鼓乐世界.
16 Drums of Africa.
16 《非洲鼓》。
16 Drums of Latin America.
16 拉丁美洲鼓。
18 Japanese Taiko Drums.
18所日本太子鼓会.
20 The Modern Drum Set.
20"现代花鼓集".
21 Bass Drum Pedal.
21 Bass Drum Pedal (英语).
23 Hi-hat.
23个Hi -hat。
24 Drum Shell.
24 鼓壳.
25 Conclusion.
25 结论。
26 Introduction Stop and listen.
26 导言 停止听。
Is the wind causing a twig to tap against the window?
风导致树枝对着窗户吗?
Is rain dripping from the eaves of the roof to a puddle on the ground?
雨从屋顶的树叶滴入地上到水坑吗?
Are you near the beach, and if so, can you hear the waves breaking on the shore?
你是在海滩附近,如果是这样, 你能听到海浪在岸上破裂吗?
You are experiencing rhythm, a repeated pattern of pulses.
你正在经历节奏, 脉搏的反复模式。
Feel the pulse at your wrist.
摸摸手腕的脉搏
That life-giving rhythm comes from the beating of your heart.
生命的节奏来自你的心跳。
Many animals make rhythmic sounds to attract mates or defend territory.
许多动物会发出有节奏的声音来吸引伴侣或保卫领地.
Since ancient times, people have created rhythmic sounds with drums.
自古以来,人们就用鼓来创造出有节奏的声音.
Drums have been used for many reasons besides making music.
鼓被使用的原因除了制作音乐之外还有许多.
Crickets are known for their rhythmic chirping.
板球以有节奏的鸣叫而出名.
A Drum Is.
鼓声
People all over the world have made and used drums.
诸天人出出出并用鼓.
Drums are percussion instruments, instruments that must be hit in order to create rhythmic sounds and patterns.
鼓是震荡乐器,为创造出有节奏的音效和规律,必须打出乐器.
But what exactly is a drum?
但到底什么是鼓声?
Cylinder-shaped Drums Some drums are shaped like cylinders and have a head at each end.
圆柱形鼓花 一些鼓的外形类似圆柱形并每端有一头.
Drummers hit the top head with their bare hands or with drumsticks.
鼓手赤手或用鼓棒打出头顶.
The bottom head helps the sound bounce around inside the drum.
下部头部帮助声音在鼓内回弹.
Imagine you are a drum maker from long ago.
想象一下你是一个很久以前的鼓手。
You would cut a piece of a tree trunk and hollow it out.
你会切出一块树干 把它打空
Your drumhead would be made of animal skin, and you would use nails or leather straps to attach the head to the drum.
你的鼓头会由动物皮做成,你会使用指甲或皮带将头接入鼓上.
Drums in modern drum sets are made of cylinders.
现代鼓套中的鼓由圆筒所制.
And drumheads are still attached to the top and bottom of the cylinders.
而鼓头还附着于圆筒上下.
But modern drumheads are made out of plastic, and metal parts attach the heads to the drums.
但现代的鼓头由塑料制成,而金属零件将头接入鼓上.
A young girl enjoys listening to drumming.
一个年轻女孩喜欢听鼓声
Kettle-shaped Drums Some drums are shaped like bowls or kettles.
Kettle 形状鼓 一些鼓的形状像碗或壶.
Early kettledrums were made of a clay or wooden bowl, which could be small or very large.
早期的克特莱德姆是用粘土或木碗制成的,可能很小或非常大.
A single drumhead would be stretched over the opening.
一个鼓头会伸到开口处
Many centuries ago, soldiers used kettledrums made of brass to frighten their enemies.
许多世纪前,士兵们利用由青铜制成的克特莱德姆来吓唬敌人.
These kettledrums were huge and so heavy that they had to be carried by horses or elephants.
这些克特勒德姆人巨大而沉重,不得不被马或大象所携带.
An enemy could become confused and be thrown off balance by the pounding of the drums.
敌人可能会迷惑,被击鼓击倒。
The sight and sound of elephants and drums could cause panic in the hearts of the enemy.
大象和鼓的目光和声能引起敌人心中的恐慌.
By the 1600s, this type of drum was being used in symphony orchestras as a musical instrument.
到1600年代,这种相声管弦乐团正被用作乐器.
Kettledrums, or timpani, are still used in modern symphony orchestras.
Kettledrums,即timpani,仍然被用在现代交响乐团中.
They are usually made out of brass or copper.
它们通常由青铜或铜制成.
How Drums Are Used Over the years, drums have had many uses.
鼓声是如何使用的 多年来,鼓有多种用途.
In wars long ago, drums were used to frighten enemies.
在很久以前的战争中,鼓被用来恐吓敌人.
But drums have also been used to communicate with friends.
但鼓也被用来与朋友交流.
Some people even believe that drums have the power to heal.
有些人甚至认为鼓能治愈.
Communication Imagine your tribe needs to send an urgent message to other members of your tribe.
通讯 想象一下你的部落需要向其他部落成员发出紧急信息。
Now imagine that the other members are miles away and that a lake or a steep cliff separates you from them.
现在想象一下其他成员离他们很远 湖或陡峭的悬崖把你和他们分开
It would take a messenger hours to deliver the message by foot, and there is no such thing as telephones or e-mail where you live.
需要一个信使小时步行发送信息,没有电话或电子邮件这样的东西,你住的地方。
How could you send your message in a matter of minutes?
你怎么能在几分钟内发信息?
The answer is, simply, with drums.
简单来说,答案是鼓声。
For centuries, Native Americans, Africans, and other tribal peoples have sent messages using drums.
几个世纪以来,美洲原住民,非洲人等部落民族都用鼓来传递信息.
Natives living on islands in the South Pacific used tree drums to send messages.
生活在南太平洋岛屿上的原住民使用树鼓传递信息.
Tree drums were hollowed-out logs that were placed on their ends.
树鼓是空出木头,放在倒端。
Some of these tree drums were twenty feet tall.
其中一些树鼓高20英尺.
A slit about four inches wide was cut down one side of the tree drum.
一块宽约4英寸的被切下一面的树鼓.
The sound made by the tree drum depended on the length of the slit.
由树鼓所出的声音取决于被割去的长度.
People often carved faces, animals, and different shapes in the tree drums.
人们常常会雕刻出相貌,动物,并用树鼓来作不同的形状.
Tree drums of different sizes were grouped together to produce a variety of sounds.
大小不同的树鼓被组合在一起,产生出各种声音.
A single tree drum could make different sounds depending upon where the drummer hit it.
单一的树鼓可以根据打鼓者打到哪里而发出不同的声音.
People of a tribe could send and receive messages using a pattern of drumbeats.
一个部落的人可以使用打鼓的方式发送和接收信息。
Healing Power of Drums Ancient tribes knew of the healing power of drums.
收复了鼓的强力 古代部落知道鼓的治愈力
A hunter might return home very tired after an unsuccessful hunt.
狩猎失败后,猎人可能会很疲惫地回家.
While he slept, someone may have softly played a drum over him to scare away the bad memories.
当他睡觉时,有人可能会轻轻地打起鼓来吓走那些糟糕的回忆.
Somehow, the soothing rhythms helped the hunter to heal.
不知何故,舒缓的节奏帮助了猎人痊愈.
Native Americans speak of the spirit power of drums.
美洲原住民谈到鼓的精神力量.
The sound of drums brought courage to warriors who were about to go into battle.
鼓声为即将出战的战士带来了勇气.
Dancing to drum beats gave a sense of group strength to Native American tribes.
舞到鼓拍给美洲原住民部落一种群体力量感.
Drums have also been used to communicate during times of war.
战时还用鼓来进行交流.
Imagine you are an officer who needs to give orders to soldiers during a battle.
想象一下,你是一个军官 谁需要命令士兵在战斗中。
The thunderous noise of guns and cannons would be so loud that your soldiers couldn’t hear your voice.
枪炮声会响得非常响亮,
You could use drums to communicate with your soldiers.
你可以用鼓和士兵沟通
Soldiers learned to recognize drum beats as commands to attack, retreat, and regroup.
士兵们学会认出击鼓是攻击、撤退和重新集结的命令。
The drum beats used by one army had to be different from the drum beats used by the other army.
被一军所使用鼓打得与另一军所使用鼓打得不同.
The World of Drums Drums of Africa The djembe (JEM-bay) is a hand drum used by people throughout the continent of Africa.
非洲鼓手世界 djembe (JEM-bay)是整个非洲大陆的人们使用的手鼓.
This drum is formed from a hollowed-out log.
这种鼓由空心出木所成.
It is shaped like a drinking goblet—wide at the top and narrow at the bottom.
它的形状像酒杯,在上部宽而下部窄。
The djembe has a single drumhead and is usually carried using a shoulder strap.
djembe有单个鼓头并通常使用肩带来携带.
People of different African tribes have used the djembe before battles to give courage to warriors.
不同非洲部落的人们在战斗前就利用了djembe来给战士以勇气.
The djembe is used for dances and is also known for its power to produce healing rhythms.
djembe用于舞蹈,也以能产生治愈节奏而出名.
Today, people are learning about the healing power of drums, and many people are joining drum groups.
今天,人们正在学习鼓的治疗力,许多人正在加入鼓会.
An experienced drummer teaches drum patterns to members of the group.
一位经验丰富的鼓手向剧组成员传授鼓的图案.
People feel satisfied and happy when they get a pleasing sound from their drum.
当人们从他们的鼓中听到令人愉快的声音时,他们感到满足和快乐.
Playing drums together as a group can be very healing.
一起打鼓可以非常治愈。
Group members forget the concerns of everyday life as they play drums together and are able to experience the “medicine” of drums.
小组成员忘记日常生活的关切,因为他们一起打鼓,并能够体验到鼓的"药".
The talking drum, another kind of African drum, is shaped like an hourglass—wide at the top and bottom, and narrow in the middle.
说话的鼓是另一种非洲鼓,形状像一个小时的玻璃 -- -- 上下方是宽的,中间是窄的。
Talking drums have a head at the top and bottom.
说话的鼓有头在上下.
Talking drums were first used to communicate between villages.
说话的鼓首先用于村庄之间的交流。
Players held the drum under their arm and squeezed it against their body as they played.
玩家将鼓握在手臂下并按住自己所演奏的相声将鼓按住身体.
This caused the drum to make different sounds, or “talk.”
这导致鼓声发出不同的声音,或“说话”。 “
Talking drums are hit with a curved drumstick.
说话的鼓被弯曲的鼓棒击中.
Drums of Latin America One of the most popular Latin American drums came from Africa.
拉丁美洲鼓楼 最受欢迎的拉丁美洲鼓出自非洲.
This drum is known as the conga drum, or conga.
这个鼓被称作"相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相
A conga drum is shaped like a cylinder that is thinner at the bottom.
康加鼓的形状像圆柱形,底部更薄.
It has a single drumhead that the drummer hits with his or her hands.
它有一个鼓头,鼓手用手打.
A person can sit or stand to play the conga.
一个人可以坐着或站着去演奏康加.
When sitting, the player holds the conga between his or her knees.
在坐时,玩家会把相机握在膝盖之间.
The drum rests on a stand when the drummer wants to play standing up.
当鼓手想站起身来玩时,鼓就站起站起.
Conga drums come in three sizes that make high, medium, and low sounds.
康嘉鼓分出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出
Bongo drums, or bongos, are also used in Latin American music.
邦戈鼓,即邦戈鼓也被用于拉丁美洲音乐.
Bongo drums are shaped like the conga drum, but they are much smaller than congas.
邦戈鼓的形状与康加鼓相仿,但比康加鼓要小得多.
Two drums of different sizes are connected to form a pair of bongo drums.
两道大小不同的鼓相接而成一对"邦哥"鼓.
Bongos are held between the knees and are played sitting down.
邦戈被扣在膝盖之间并被玩弄而坐.
The single drumhead can be hit with the hands or fingers.
单打鼓头可以用手或指来打.
Japanese Taiko Drums Long ago, Taiko drums were played on battlefields.
日本太子鼓 很久以前,太子鼓被打入战场.
Today, groups of Taiko drummers entertain people all over the world.
如今,"太子"鼓手的团体,娱乐了世界各地的人.
Taiko drums are usually carved from a single log.
太子鼓一般由单木刻出.
Some of these drums are gigantic.
其中一些鼓是巨大的。
A Taiko drum can be bigger than the person who is playing it.
太子鼓可以比演奏者大。
Taiko drummers have to train hard to become members of these drum groups.
太子鼓手要努力训练才能成为这些鼓手团体的成员.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
The biggest drum: Some Taiko drums are taller than a grown man.
最大的鼓声: 有的太子鼓比起大人高.
The smallest drum: Your eardrum!
最小的鼓声: 你的耳膜!
This membrane receives and transmits sound waves in the ear.
这个膜接收并传递出耳中的声音波.
The Modern Drum Set The modern drum set is made up of drums, pedals, stands, and cymbals.
现代鼓声集 现代的鼓花由鼓花,踏花,站花,m组成.
But drum sets have not always looked and sounded as they do today.
但鼓声并非一直像今天那样清晰和响起。
The modern drum set came about as jazz music developed in the United States.
现代的鼓声是随着爵士乐在美国发展而来.
Jazz music began in the American South toward the end of the 1800s.
爵士乐在1800年代末开始于美国南方.
Jazz is a blend of many kinds of rhythms and music.
爵士乐是多种节奏和音乐的混合.
Work songs of African American slaves, religious songs, and West African rhythms blended together into what we now call jazz.
非裔美国奴隶的工作歌曲,宗教歌曲,以及西非节奏融合到我们现在所说的爵士乐中.
African American brass bands marched down the street playing music similar to jazz.
非裔美国青铜乐队出道后下街演奏类似爵士乐的音乐.
Many drummers marched together in these bands.
许多鼓手在这些乐队中一起出征.
Each drummer played an individual drum.
每个鼓手都演奏出单个的鼓.
In the early 1900s, new inventions allowed one drummer to play many drums at the same time.
1900年代初,新发明允许一鼓手同时演奏多道鼓.
These inventions led to the birth of the drum set.
这些发明导致了鼓的出世.
The tradition of marching bands in New Orleans continues to this day.
新奥尔良行军乐队的传统延续至今.
By the 1920s, jazz music had become very popular.
到1920年代,爵士音乐已经变得非常受欢迎.
Bass Drum Pedal In 1909, William F.
Bass Drum Pedal 在1909年,威廉·F.
Ludwig invented the first bass drum pedal that was simple and easy to use.
路德维希发明了最早的低音鼓踏板,简单易用.
This allowed drummers to play the bass drum with one foot.
这使得鼓手能够用一脚来演奏低音鼓.
They could then play the other drums and cymbals with their hands.
然后他们可以用手打出其他鼓和圆柱.
Today’s bass drum pedals are easy to play and adjust.
今天的低音鼓踏板很容易演奏和调整.
Hi-hat The hi-hat is a set of cymbals found in a modern drum set.
顿 Hi-hat是一套在现代相鼓集中发现的m.
At first, the hi-hat was just a pair of hinged boards with cymbals attached to each board.
一开始,Hi-hat只是一对有圆柱的链板,每块板上都附着有圆柱.
Drummers tapped the top board with one foot to make the pair of cymbals strike each other.
鼓手用一脚敲出顶板,使一对cy相打.
Today’s hi-hat is made of a foot pedal and a stand that holds a pair of cymbals.
今天的Hi-hat是由一脚踏板和一对圆柱形的立柱所制.
Drummers can make the cymbals strike each other by using the foot pedal.
鼓手可以通过使用脚踏板来使cy相打.
They can also hit the hi-hat with a drumstick.
他们也可以用鼓棒打出"Hi-hat".
Drum Shell Today, drum shells are usually made of layers of maple or birch.
鼓外壳(Drum Shell Today),鼓外壳通常由多层枫或比克制成.
Thin layers are glued together in circular presses to make cylinders.
薄层以圆压相接而成圆柱.
Then heat and pressure are used to form the layers into drum shells.
然后用热和压力来将地层形成鼓壳.
Conclusion Drummers and inventors have helped to create the modern drum set.
鼓手和发明家帮助创建了现代鼓声集.
But a drum set is only as good as the drummer who plays it.
但一出鼓声只能和演奏它的鼓手一样好.
A good drummer is not always the fastest drummer.
一个好鼓手并不总是最快的鼓手.
And a good drummer is not always the drummer who plays the most difficult beats.
而好鼓手并不总是演奏最难打的鼓手.
A good drummer sets the beat and rhythm for the other musicians to play to.
一个好鼓手设定了节奏和节奏,供其他音乐家演奏.
To make music with a band, a drummer has to be a team player.
要与乐队一起作曲,鼓手必须是团队球员.
Some Drummers to Check Out Cindy Blackman contemporary American jazz and rock drummer Ringo Starr British rock star and drummer for the Beatles Art Blakey (1919–1990) American jazz drummer and bandleader A Note from the Author My grandfather was a drummer, and he got me started playing drums.
一些"查出辛迪·布莱克曼"(Cindy Blackman)当代美国爵士和摇滚鼓手林高·斯塔尔(Ringo Starr) 英国摇滚明星和鼓手为披头士艺术·布莱克(1919-1990) 美国爵士鼓手和乐队领跑者"我的外公"的"A Note"(Anter of the Author My Grandpany)是鼓手,他让我开始打鼓.
Being in a band is like being on a team, where everyone works together in order for the team to succeed.
加入乐队就像加入一个团队,在那里每个人都一起工作,以便团队成功.
I’ve been working in bands since I was ten years old, and I still love playing drums.
我从10岁就开始在乐队工作,