Desert People
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Demanding Deserts.
《要求进入沙漠的目录》。
4 The Tohono O’odham.
4 托霍诺·奥德汉姆。
9 The Bedouin.
9 贝都因人。
14 More Desert People.
14个沙漠人民。
19 A Way of Life.
19 生活之路.
22 Glossary.
22 词汇表。
24 Demanding Deserts Imagine that you are standing alone in the desert before dawn.
24 需求沙漠 想象你在黎明前独自站在沙漠里
There is total silence except for the soft call of a dove.
除了鸽子的柔和叫声之外,还有完全的沉默。
The fresh breeze feels good on your face.
新鲜的微风在你脸上感觉很好。
The Sun begins to rise over the mountains, which slowly change from black to light purple.
太阳开始从山上起行,山地从黑色慢慢地变为了淡紫色.
Then the Sun’s rays peek out and turn the morning into day.
太阳的光线闪出,
Look around you.
看看你周围
Imagine that your family and friends also live here.
想象一下你的家人和朋友也住在这里
What are your lives like?
你的生活怎么样?
Imagine, as was true a few hundred years ago, that there are no cars, bicycles, or paved roads in this desert.
想象一下,就像几百年前一样, 在这个沙漠里没有汽车、自行车或铺设的道路。
How do you travel from place to place?
如何从地出行.
Imagine that you feel hungry in this desert.
想象你在沙漠里感到饥饿
There are no stores or supermarkets.
没有商店和超市。
Can you feel the thirst in the back of your throat?
你能感觉到喉咙后部的口渴吗?
Where can you find water to drink?
何处能取出水来喝.
You look around.
你看看周围。
There are no drinking fountains and no flowing rivers.
没有饮用喷泉和流出河流。
There is not a single cloud in the light blue sky.
淡蓝色的天空里没有一朵云
What Exactly Is a Desert?
什么是沙漠?
Would you know a desert if you saw one?
如果你看到沙漠 你会知道吗?
Would there be camels walking on sand dunes?
有骆驼在沙丘上行走吗?
Would there be rattlesnakes, saguaro (suh-WAHR-oh) cacti, and tall mountains?
会不会有响尾蛇、沙瓜罗仙人掌和高山?
Or would the land be rocky, with only a few shrubs and trees?
或有地多石出地,只生出几株灌木和树?
All three of these descriptions can apply to deserts.
这三种描述都可以适用于沙漠.
Many types of deserts exist.
存在着许多类型的沙漠.
Deserts may have rocky mountains, graveled plateaus, or rolling sand dunes.
沙漠可能有多岩石的山地,有砾石的高地,或有滚滚的沙丘.
Some desert areas even have streams and rivers.
一些沙漠地区甚至有溪流和河流.
Scientists disagree on the exact definition of the word desert.
科学家对"沙漠"一词的确切定义有分歧.
But they do agree that deserts share some common traits.
但是,他们确实同意沙漠具有一些共同的特征。
Compared to the rest of the world, deserts are dry places.
相较于世界其他地方,沙漠是干燥地.
They usually receive less than 25.
他们得到的通常少于25.
4 centimeters (10 in) of precipitation each year.
每年降水量为4公分(10英寸).
Deserts tend to have dry soil and not much vegetation.
沙漠往往有干燥的土壤而植被不多.
Although some deserts can get pretty cold, most deserts are sunny and hot.
虽然一些沙漠会变得相当寒冷,但大多数沙漠是阳光和炎热的.
Finding shade in the desert can be challenging.
在沙漠中寻找荫影可能具有挑战性.
Word Wise Why cacti?
语出智慧 为什么是仙人掌?
The plural of cactus is cactuses or cacti (KAK-tie).
仙人掌的复数是仙人掌或仙人掌(KAK-tie).
Desert Survival If deserts are such hot, dry places, how have people survived in them?
沙漠生存组织 如果沙漠如此炎热干燥,人们在其中是如何活下来的?
Where did they find food to eat and water to drink?
他们在哪里找到食物和喝水?
What did they use to build their homes?
他们用什么建造家园?
For thousands of years, desert people have found answers to these questions.
几千年来,沙漠人找到了这些问题的答案.
Desert people have found ways to adapt by using local resources for food, water, and shelter.
沙漠人民通过利用当地粮食、水和住房资源,找到了适应的办法。
Each desert presents different challenges, and each desert has its own answers.
每个沙漠都提出了不同的挑战,每个沙漠都有自己的答案.
In this book, you will learn about two interesting groups of desert people: the Tohono O’odham and the Bedouin.
在这本书中,你会了解两个有趣的沙漠人群:托霍诺·奥德汉人和贝多因人.
You will also read about sand dunes, wild foods, villages, hunting, and more.
你们还将阅读沙丘、野生食物、村庄、狩猎等等。
You will even read about dogs that ride on camels!
你甚至会读到骑骆驼的狗!
The Sonoran Desert is home to many kinds of life.
索诺兰沙漠是多种生活的家园.
World Deserts Comparison Table Sonoran Sahara Gobi Atacama CLIMATEGood rainfall for the desert Very hot and very dry Cold and windy Driest desert in the world CONTINENTNorth America Africa Asia South America SIZE 310,100 (sq km)9,064,960 (sq km)1,036,000 (sq km)139,860 (sq km) TERRAINFlat basins, mountains Gravel plains, mountains, sand dunes Stony, sandy soil, grasslands Sand, salt basins, lava EXAMPLE OF DESERT PEOPLETohono O’odham Bedouin Mongols Atacama Indians Compare these four deserts.
世界沙漠比较 沙漠降雨量良好 世界上最炎热和干燥的冷风干燥沙漠 平坦的盆地,山脉 碎石平原、山地、沙丘、沙地、草地 沙地,盐盆,熔岩 EXAMPLE DESERT People Tohono O'odham 贝多因蒙古人 阿塔卡马印第安人 比较这四个沙漠.
Notice that they are all different.
注意它们都不同
The Tohono O’odham Tohono O’odham means “desert people.”
Tohono O'odham Tohono O'odham意为“沙漠人”。 “
The Tohono O’odham are Native Americans who still live in the Sonoran Desert.
Tohono O'odham是美国原住民,
For years, they have watched the Sun rise over Baboquivari (bah-boh-KEE-vah-ree), their sacred mountain.
多年来,他们看着太阳升起 在巴博基瓦里(bah-boh-Kee-vah-ree),他们的神圣山上。
They believe that Baboquivari is where Elder Brother created them from the clay of the Earth.
他们相信巴博基瓦里是长兄从地上粘土创造出它们的地方.
Elder Brother gave the desert to the O’odham and taught them how to use its plants.
长兄把沙漠交给了奥德汉人,并教他们如何使用其植物.
The O’odham lived in villages.
奥德汉人住在村庄里。
They slept in round homes with flat roofs.
他们睡在有平地屋顶的圆形房子里。
These homes were made of dried mud, branches, and grass.
这些住宅由干泥地,树枝和草地所成.
Each home had one main room with a fire pit in the middle.
每个家有一个主房,中间有一个火坑.
Families slept on woven grass mats.
家人都睡在编织的草垫上.
Fires provided light and heat during cold winter nights.
在寒冷的冬季夜晚,火能提供光和热。
The Sonoran Supermarket Like other deserts, the Sonoran Desert can be a difficult place to live.
索诺兰超级市场 像其他沙漠一样,索诺兰沙漠可以是一个艰难的生活地.
It is hot and dry.
有热有干.
Months may pass without any rain.
月可过而无雨.
Summer days can reach 49º Celsius (120ºF).
夏日可达49摄氏度(120摄氏度).
Winter nights can dip below freezing.
冬天的夜晚可以沉入冰冻之下
But compared to many other deserts, the Sonoran is lush and hospitable.
但相较于其他许多沙漠,索诺兰人又懒又舒适.
Historically, the Tohono O’odham lived in an area where 30.
历史上,托霍诺人奥德汉人居住在30个地区.
5 centimeters (12 in) of rain fell each year.
每年降下5厘米(12英寸)雨.
The rainfall supported many forms of life.
降雨支撑了多种生活形式.
Shady trees, big cacti, and even summer flowers all grew there.
沙地树,大仙人掌,甚至夏花也都生长在那里.
Insects, birds, rabbits, and coyotes lived there, too.
昆虫、鸟、兔子和野狼也住在那里。
Some of the O’odham lived near big mountains.
一些奥德汉人住在大山附近.
In the mountains, they found resources that the desert below did not have.
在山上,他们发现了下面的沙漠没有的资源.
Different plants and animals lived up in the cooler climate on the mountain slopes.
不同的动植物生活在山地坡地更凉爽的气候中.
The O’odham gathered food and hunted bigger animals there.
奥德汉人在那里收集了食物并猎取了更大的动物.
They also collected water from springs and streams.
他们还从泉水和溪流取来水。
Cactus fruits are an important desert food.
仙人掌水果是重要的沙漠食物.
For many years, they were called the Papago.
多年来,他们被称为"帕帕戈".
Today, Tohono O’odham is the official name of the tribe.
今天,东野 奥德汉是该部落的正式名称.
A Different Kind of Shopping The desert served as a kind of supermarket for the Tohono O’odham.
一种不同的购物 沙漠是Tohono O'odham的超市。
When they needed vegetables, they planted seeds.
当他们需要蔬菜时,他们种植了种子.
When they needed water, they went to a spring.
当他们需要水时,他们去了一个泉水.
When they needed meat, they hunted animals.
当他们需要肉的时候,他们捕食动物.
And if they needed pine nuts, they walked up into the mountains to find pine trees.
如果他们需要松果, 他们走进山去寻找松树。
Fruits and Vegetables In the early summer, O’odham men dug small holes in the ground with sharp sticks.
水果和蔬菜 在初夏,奥德汉人用尖棍在地上挖出小洞来.
Women dropped seeds in the holes and covered them up.
女人把种子倒入洞里,并盖起.
The dry fields flooded when the summer rains came.
夏季降雨时干地被淹.
The O’odham grew corn, beans, and squash in this way.
奥德汉人以这种方式种植了玉米、豆子和壁球。
They also grew wheat, peas, and melons in the winter.
他们还在冬季种植小麦,豌豆和瓜.
Meat The Tohono O’odham hunted rattlesnakes, rabbits, and birds in the desert.
肉类 Tohono O'odham在沙漠中猎取响尾蛇、兔子和鸟类。
In the mountains, they killed deer, bighorn sheep, and even bears.
在山上,他们杀死了鹿,大角羊,甚至熊.
To sneak up on deer, O’odham hunters dressed in deerskins and walked on all fours.
为了悄悄地上鹿,奥德汉猎人穿了鹿皮,走在了所有四个上.
The desert is filled with resources, if you know where to look.
沙漠里充满了资源 如果你知道该往哪里看的话
Organic Specialty Items The Tohono O’odham also gathered wild foods.
有机特有物品 Tohono O'odham也收集了野生食物。
In the desert, they found chile peppers, onions, mesquite beans, and saguaro fruit.
在沙漠中,他们发现了青椒花椒,洋葱,美斯奎特豆,和沙瓜罗果.
In the mountains, they collected acorns, roots, and pine nuts.
在山上,他们收集了橡子,根和松果.
O’odham men even made four- day trips to the ocean to get salt!
O'odham的人甚至去大海取盐了!
Other Native American people wanted these exotic foods, too.
其他的美国原住民也想要这些异国情调的食物.
So the O’odham traded their salt and saguaro syrup for corn, beans, wheat, and more.
奥德汉人用他们的盐和沙瓜罗糖浆来换取玉米,豆子,小麦等.
This extra food helped the O’odham during times of drought.
这些额外食物在干旱时期帮助了奥德汉人.
Drinking Water Some O’odham villages were lucky enough to live near springs and streams.
一些O'odham村庄幸运地住在泉水和溪流附近。
Other villages dug wells in the ground.
其他村庄在地上挖井.
But many people lived far away from water sources.
但许多人生活在远离水源的地方.
Young girls often hiked high up into mountain canyons to fetch water.
年轻女孩常常高高攀登到山地峡谷取水.
The Bedouin Think of all the things in your room.
贝多因人 想想你房间里的一切
Can you imagine moving to a new place every week?
你能想象每周搬去一个新地方吗?
Would you get tired of carrying so many things?
你会厌倦携带这么多东西吗?
How would you enjoy the traveling life?
你会如何享受旅行生活?
Traditional Bedouin people were nomadic.
传统的贝都因人是游牧民族。
They moved from place to place on camels in search of food, water, and grazing land.
他们随地迁徙到骆驼上寻找食物、水和牧场。
Bedouins had very few possessions.
贝都因人的财产很少。
They believed their lifestyle was simple and pure.
他们认为他们的生活方式简单而纯洁.
Bedouin means “people of the desert.”
贝都因人是指“沙漠人民。 “
Bedouins camp for the night.
贝都因人入宿.
The Tohono O’odham grew tepary beans in the dry lands of the Sonoran Desert.
Tohono O'odham在索诺兰沙漠的干地上种植了土豆。
Bedouins lived in low black tents.
贝都因人住在低黑帐篷中.
These tents protected them from the sun, wind, and blowing sand.
这些帐篷保护他们免受太阳,风和吹出沙子的侵袭.
In a matter of hours, the Bedouin could pack up their camps and move on to their next “home.”
在几个小时之内,贝都因人可以收拾他们的营地,继续前往他们的下一个“家园”。 “
Today many Bedouins still roam the Syrian, Arabian, and Sahara deserts.
今天,许多 贝都因人仍然在叙利亚,阿拉伯和撒哈拉沙漠中漫游.
The Saharan Supermarket?
撒哈拉超级市场?
The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world.
撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠.
It stretches across northern Africa for 9 million square kilometers (3.
它横跨北非900万平方千米(3.
5 million sq mi).
500万平方公里。
The Sahara is also extremely hot and dry.
撒哈拉也非常炎热干燥.
In some parts, it rains less than 25 millimeters (1 in) per year!
部分地区每年降雨量不到25毫米(1分)!
The Sahara Desert is less of a “supermarket” than the Sonoran Desert.
撒哈拉沙漠不如索诺兰沙漠,
Less rain falls in the Sahara.
撒哈拉地区降雨较少。
As a result, fewer plants and animals live there.
因此,那里的动植物较少.
The Bedouin had to travel the desert in search of food and water.
贝多因人不得不去沙漠寻找食物和水。
The Sahara is more than sand dunes.
撒哈拉比沙丘还多.
It also has rocky plateaus, tall mountains, and oasis valleys.
它还有岩石高原,高山,绿洲等地.
An oasis is a fertile place in the desert where water supports many kinds of life.
绿洲是沙漠中一个肥沃的地方,水能支撑多种生命.
A Bedouin boy tends a herd of goats.
贝都因男孩养一头山羊。
The Camel Convenience Store Arabian camels were the Bedouin’s close companions.
Camel Conference Store Arabian骆驼是贝都因人的亲密伴侣。
These sturdy animals made nomadic life possible.
这些坚固的动物使得游牧生活成为可能.
Camels gave the Bedouin shelter, clothing, food, and rides.
骆驼给了贝都因人的住所、衣服、食物和骑马。
The Bedouin wove camel hair into tents and clothing.
贝都因人把骆驼毛编成帐篷和衣服。
They also drank camel milk and ate camel meat.
他们还喝骆驼奶和吃骆驼肉.
They even burned camel dung to fuel their campfires!
他们甚至烧了骆驼粪来为营火加油!
Camels were well suited for the desert.
骆驼很适合沙漠
They could go for long periods of time without water.
他们可以长时间没有水。
Arabian camels could walk for 50 kilometers (30 mi) in a day and could carry up to 270 kilograms (600 lbs) on their backs.
阿拉伯骆驼一天能行走50公里(30米)并可以背上携带多达270公斤(600磅)的骆驼.
Some families owned many camels.
一些家庭拥有许多骆驼.
Having many camels was a sign of wealth.
有许多骆驼是财富的标志。
Camels were so prized that people fought over them.
骆驼很受好评 以至于人们为它们而战
Some Bedouins went on raids to steal camels from others.
一些贝都因人为了从他人那里偷骆驼而突袭.
Fruits and Vegetables The nomadic Bedouins did not grow many crops.
水果和蔬菜 游牧的贝都因人没有种植多株农作物.
But in late summer, they camped out near oases because date palms grew in those places.
但是在夏后期,他们露营 在绿洲附近, 因为枣棕榈生长在这些地方。
These trees produced sweet, tasty fruits.
这些树产生了甜美可口的水果.
The Bedouin ate some dates fresh and dried others to save for later.
贝都因人吃了一些新鲜的枣子, 并干干其他的,
Meat The Bedouin hunted wild herds of ostriches, wolves, foxes, and gazelles.
肉类 贝都因人猎取了野生的 o,狼,狐狸和瞪羚.
They also trained falcons to hunt foxes and small birds for them.
他们还训练了猎鹰来猎取狐狸和小鸟.
Sometimes dogs called Salukis rode with Bedouins to help them track animals.
有时叫"萨卢基斯"的狗会和贝都因人一起骑马去帮助他们追踪动物.
Can you imagine a dog riding on a camel?
你能想象一只狗骑着骆驼吗?
Drinking Water The Bedouin knew where to find the desert’s oases.
饮用水 贝多因人知道哪里可以找到沙漠的绿洲。
They dug wells to pull water from the ground.
他们挖出井来取地取水.
They carried the water in bags made of camel skin.
他们用由骆驼皮制成的袋子来取出水来.
Arabian camels have one hump.
阿拉伯骆驼有一个驼峰。
People living around the Sahara Desert have been eating dates for at least 6,000 years.
生活在撒哈拉沙漠周围的人们至少吃过6000年的枣.
More Desert People The Tohono O’odham and the Bedouin are just two of the world’s traditional desert peoples.
更多的沙漠人民 Tohono O'odham人和贝都因人只是世界上两个传统的沙漠民族。
There are many other deserts, and there have been many other desert peoples.
还有许多其他沙漠,还有许多其他沙漠民族.
The Australian Aborigines, for example, walked about their continent for millennia.
例如,澳大利亚原住民在他们的大陆上漫步了几千年。
Men hunted with spears and boomerangs.
男子以长矛相取猎取.
Women gathered food.
妇女们收集食物。
The Aborigines wore very little clothing.
原住民穿的衣服很少
They slept by the warmth of a campfire.
他们睡在营火的温暖下
The Atacama Indians lived in the dry Atacama Desert, where they raised guinea pigs and llamas.
阿塔卡马印第安人生活在干燥的阿塔卡马沙漠中,他们在那里饲养了豚鼠和山羊.
They also planted crops.
他们还种植了农作物。
Nomads roamed the cold and windy Gobi Desert.
游牧民漫游于寒冷多风的戈壁沙漠.
They searched for vegetation for their sheep, goats, and cattle.
他们寻找植被寻找他们的羊、山羊和牛。
They lived in round tents called gers.
他们住在圆形帐篷里,被称为"干".
Bushmen lived in the Kalahari Desert.
布什人生活在卡拉哈里沙漠.
Women gathered plants and roots.
妇女聚集了植物和根.
Men hunted animals with bows and arrows.
男人用弓箭来猎取动物.
Australian Aboriginal children Gobi Desert nomad in Mongolia Kalahari Bushmen in southern Africa carry small bows.
澳大利亚土著儿童戈比沙漠游牧 在蒙古卡拉哈里布希门 在南部非洲携带小弓.
A Way of Life Imagine again that you are standing alone in the desert.
生活之道 再次想象你在沙漠中独自一人
The Sun is now shining over the mountains.
太阳正在照耀着山上
The doves have found shade under a tree.
鸽子在一棵树下发现了荫影.
You feel a bead of sweat on your forehead.
额上汗出出一珠.
What will you do on this day?
这天你会怎么做?
If you grew up in the desert, you would know exactly what to do.
如果你在沙漠里长大 你会知道该怎么做
Your grandparents would have taught your parents, and your parents would have taught you.
你的外祖父母会教你父母,你的父母会教你父母.
You would know how to grow vegetables.
你会知道怎么种蔬菜
You would know which wild berries were safe to eat.
你会知道哪个野生浆果是安全的吃。
You would know where to find the well or the closest spring.
你会知道哪里能找到井 或最近的泉水。
For thousands of years, people have adapted to deserts.
几千年来,人们适应了沙漠.
They have found food, water, shelter, and more.
他们找到了食物、水、住所和更多。
For these people, the desert is not just about survival.
对这些人来说,沙漠不仅仅是生存
It is their way of life.
这是他们的生活方式。
Dressed for the desert Deserts cover roughly one-fifth of the Earth’s surface.
沙漠的服装覆盖了地球表面的大约五分之一。
Can you find the Sonoran Desert?
你能找到索诺兰沙漠吗?
The Sahara Desert?
撒哈拉沙漠吗?
Glossary adapt (v.)
词汇调整(五)
to adjust to new conditions (p.
以适应新的条件(p.
7) climate (n.)
(7) 气候(不详)
the weather conditions in an area over a long period of time (p.
一个地区的长期天气条件(p.
10) drought (n.)
10) 干旱 (n.
a long period of time with very little rain (p.
一段很长的时期,雨量很少(p.
13) dung (n.)
13)粪便 (n.
animal manure (p.
动物粪便(p.
17) exotic (adj.)
17)异地(adj.
out of the ordinary, usually from a faraway place (p.
出自平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平平
13) hospitable (adj.)
13)好客(adj.
friendly and welcoming (p.
友好和欢迎 (p.
10) lush (adj.)
10）茂盛的（形容词）
rich with vegetation (p.
有丰富的植被(p.
10) millennia (n.)
10) 千年 (n.
thousands of years (p.
千岁 (p.
19) nomadic (adj.)
19) 游牧(adj.
traveling from place to place without a permanent home (p.
无常住地从地出行(p.
14) precipitation (n.)
14) 降水量 (n.
rain, snow, sleet, or hail (p.
有雨 有雪 有雪 有雪 有冰雹 (p.
6) resources (n.)
6) 资源(不详)
supplies of valuable or very useful things (p.
提供有价值的或非常有用的物品(p.
7) sturdy (adj.)
7) 坚固 (adj.
strong and solid (p.
强而固 (p.
17) vegetation (n.)
17) 植被(n.
plants found in certain areas (p.
在某些地区发现的植物(p.
6) Do you think you could grow food like the Tohono O’odham?
6)你能否像"通野"(Tohono O'odham)那样种植食物?
You probably could!
你也许可以!
Ask a teacher, parent, or friend to help you.
请老师、家长或朋友来帮你
But be careful, you might plant a seed in their head, too!
但小心点,你可能会在他们头上种下种子!
Grow Your Own Food 1 Find out what kinds of fruits, vegetables, and herbs grow in your area.
种植自有食物 1 查出您所在地区生长的水果,蔬菜和草药种类.
and buy the seeds.
并购买种子。
3 Choose a sunny spot with soft soil.
3个 选择一个有柔软土壤的阳光斑点.
(You can also fill a pot with soil.)
(亦能以地入地入一锅.
instructions on the seed packet).
种子包上的指示。
5 Dig a shallow hole.
页:1 挖个浅洞
grow!
生长!