Color Blindness
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents What Colors Do You See?
内容表
4 Where Do Colors Come From?
4 颜色从哪里来?
5 How Color Vision Works.
5 彩色视野如何发挥作用。
6 Rods and Cones.
(原始内容存档于2019-10-12). 6 Rods and Cones.
7 Different Types of Color Blindness.
7 不同种类的彩盲.
8 Color Blindness Is No Joke.
8 彩色盲是没有笑话。
11 Testing for Color Blindness.
11 色盲测试.
12 Tools to Help Color-Blind People.
12 帮助有色人种的工具。
13 Treating Color Blindness.
13"治疗有色盲".
14 Color Vision for All?
14 彩色视野为所有人?
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 What Colors Do You See?
16 你看到了什么颜色?
Imagine looking at a box of crayons and seeing only shades of gray, blue, and yellow.
想象一下,看着一盒蜡笔,只看到灰色,蓝色和黄色的阴影.
That’s what they look like to many people who are color-blind.
许多人都是这样,
Most people who are color- blind can still see some colors.
大部分有色人种... 盲人仍然能看到一些颜色
They just can’t see as many colors as most people.
他们只是看不到大多数人的颜色。
Choosing a red crayon is much easier for someone with full-color vision (top) than someone with red-green color blindness (bottom).
选择红蜡笔对有全色视觉(上部)的人比有红绿色盲(下部)的人容易得多.
Where Do Colors Come From?
颜色从哪里来?
White light actually has every color of the rainbow hidden inside it.
白光实际上藏有彩虹的每一个颜色.
Each color is a different wavelength.
每种颜色都是不同的波长.
Objects appear to be different colors because they absorb and reflect different wavelengths of light.
物体看起来颜色不同,因为它们吸收并反射出不同的光波长.
A strawberry looks red because it reflects red wavelengths while absorbing most other wavelengths.
草莓外观为红色,因为它在吸收了大多数其他波长的同时反射出红色波长.
How Color Vision Works People see colors because our eyes respond differently to different wavelengths of light.
彩色视野如何工作 人们看到颜色是因为我们的眼睛对不同的波长光的反应不同.
When light enters one of your eyes, the lens focuses it on the retina, a thin layer of tissue at the back of the eyeball.
当光线进入你的一只眼睛时,镜片将它聚焦在视网膜上,眼球后部是一层薄薄的组织层.
There, it triggers light-sensitive rod cells and cone cells.
在那里,它会触发轻感棒细胞和锥细胞.
These cells send signals to the brain, which uses the signals to make images.
这些细胞向大脑发出信号,大脑利用信号来制作图像.
The cornea gathers and begins to focus light from the outside world.
角膜会聚集并开始从外界聚焦光线.
The iris opens or closes the pupil to allow more or less light into the eye.
虹膜会打开或关上瞳孔,以允许多或少光入眼.
The lens changes shape to finish focusing.
镜头会改变形状以完成聚焦.
The pupil is a hole in the center of the eye that allows light to pass through.
瞳孔是眼睛中央的一个孔,可以使光能通过.
How an Eye Sees Rods and cones lining the wall of the retina at the back of the eye register what is being seen.
眼球是如何看见罗德斯和圆锥 在眼球的后部 覆盖视网膜的墙壁
The optic nerve sends messages to the brain about what the eye is seeing.
视神经向大脑传递关于眼睛所看到的讯息.
Rods and Cones Rod cells are the most sensitive cells in your eye.
罗德和锥体罗德细胞是你的眼睛中最敏感的细胞.
They allow you to see in very dim light, but they can’t tell different colors apart.
他们允许你在非常暗淡的光线下看到,
Cone cells handle color vision.
锥细胞处理颜色视觉.
There are three types of cone cells, which absorb blue, green, or red light.
圆锥细胞有三种,可吸收蓝色,绿色或红色光线.
Combining these three main colors allows us to see thousands of colors.
结合这三种主要颜色,可以让我们看到上千种颜色.
When one or more types of cone cells aren’t working, though, color blindness results.
当一种或多种锥细胞失效时,
The type of color blindness depends on which cone cells are affected and how much they’re affected.
颜色失明的种类取决于锥细胞受到何种影响,
Color Vision in Animals Most animals can see fewer colors than humans.
动物中的色彩视觉 大多数动物可以看到比人类少的颜色.
For instance, dogs can only see shades of blue and yellow, and bulls are completely color-blind!
比如说,狗只能看到蓝黄相间的荫影,而公牛则完全是色盲!
Other animals—including some birds, bees, and butterflies—see more colors than humans do, including wavelengths of light that are invisible to humans.
其他动物——包括一些鸟类、蜜蜂和蝴蝶——比人类看到更多的颜色,包括人类看不见的光的波长。
Different Types of Color Blindness Red-Green Color Blindness Red-green color blindness is the most common type of color vision problem.
不同类型颜色盲红-绿色相色盲红-绿色相色盲是颜色视觉问题最常见的类型.
It occurs most often in people whose ancestors came from northern Europe.
它最常发生在祖先出自北欧的人身上.
It affects one out of every twelve men and is less common in women.
它影响到十二分之一的男子,在妇女中则不那么常见。
Red-green color blindness is usually caused by problems in the green cone cells, which make green and yellow objects appear reddish in color.
红-绿色相色盲通常是由绿锥细胞中的问题所引起,这使得绿色和黄色的物体在颜色上显得红.
Problems in the red cone cells also cause red-green color blindness.
红锥细胞中的问题也会导致红绿相间的色盲.
In this case, red, orange, and yellow objects appear green or black.
在这种情况下,红色,橙色和黄色的物体出现绿色或黑色.
Although people with red-green color blindness have trouble telling some colors apart, they can still see clearly.
虽然有红绿相色盲的人很难分辨出一些颜色,但他们仍然可以清晰地看到.
That’s because red and green cones have some overlap in the light they detect.
因为红和绿锥在它们探测到的光线上有些重叠。
Blue-Yellow Color Blindness Blue-yellow color blindness occurs when the blue cone cells are missing or not working properly.
蓝-黄色相色盲 蓝-黄色相色盲发生于蓝锥细胞缺失或工作不当时.
This type of color blindness is fairly rare, affecting only about one out of every ten thousand people worldwide.
这种肤色失明现象相当罕见,全世界每一万人中只有一人受到影响。
Unlike red-green color blindness, it’s equally common in men and women.
与红绿相色盲不同,
Some people with blue-yellow color blindness have no blue cone cells, which causes them to see blue as green and yellow as violet or gray.
有的有蓝黄色色盲的人没有蓝锥细胞,这导致他们看到蓝色如绿色和黄色如紫色或灰色.
More commonly, people who are blue-yellow color-blind have blue cone cells that still work at some level.
更常见的是,蓝黄色色盲的人有蓝锥细胞,这些细胞仍然在一定水平上工作.
As a result, it’s difficult for them to tell yellow and red from pink.
因此,他们很难从粉红色分辨出黄色和红色。
Complete Color Blindness Complete color blindness is the most serious form of color blindness.
彩色盲是色盲最严重的形式.
It occurs when there are problems in two or more of the three types of cone cells.
它发生于三种锥细胞中两种或多种有问题.
People who are missing two or more types of cone cells are often extra-sensitive to light.
缺少两种或两种以上锥细胞的人往往对光超敏.
They may also have difficulty seeing clearly, especially in bright light.
他们可能也难以清楚地看到,特别是在明亮的光芒下。
This is because they rely on rod cells for most or all of their vision, and rod cells only work in low light.
这是因为它们大部分或全部视线都依赖棒细胞,而棒细胞只在低光下工作.
Only about one in thirty thousand people worldwide are missing all three types of cone cells.
全世界只有三万分之一的人 缺少所有三种锥细胞
People without any working cone cells see the world in shades of black, white, and gray.
没有工作锥细胞的人在黑白和灰色的阴影下看到世界.
Complete color blindness (right) is very rare.
完全色盲(右)是非常罕见的.
Color Blindness Is No Joke Color blindness can cause serious problems.
色彩盲是没有笑话 色彩盲会导致严重的问题。
People who are color-blind have trouble reading color-coded information on maps.
色盲的人在地图上读取色码信息有困难.
Children with color blindness may have trouble in school.
有色盲的儿童在学校可能有麻烦.
Red-green color blindness makes it difficult to read yellow chalk on a green chalkboard.
红绿相间的色盲使得在绿色的花板上读取黄色的花粉很难.
All types of color blindness make it difficult to choose the correct colors for art and science projects.
各种颜色盲都很难为艺术和科学项目选择正确的颜色.
Color blindness can also cause safety issues.
色彩盲也会引起安全问题.
Fire hydrants, car warning lights, and emergency equipment are often colored red or yellow to make them more visible.
消防栓,汽车警示灯等应急设备常被涂上红色或黄色以更能被人们看到.
These bright colors may be obvious to those with full-color vision but unnoticeable to those who are color-blind.
这些明亮的颜色对于有全色视觉而无色盲者可能很明显.
People may also have difficulty noticing sunburns, rashes, or undercooked meat without color vision.
人们还可能难以注意到有晒伤,疹子,或者没有彩色视觉而烹饪不足的肉.
Color blindness can even limit a person’s career options.
色盲甚至会限制一个人的职业选择。
Geologists and airline pilots need full-color vision.
地质学家和航空飞行员需要全色视野.
Other careers, such as interior design, photography, and food inspection, are much more difficult without it.
其他职业,如室内设计,摄影,和食品检查等,没有它就困难得多了.
Testing for Color Blindness Doctors use several types of tests to detect color blindness.
彩色失明医生的测试使用几种测试方法来检测色彩失明.
The Ishihara Test is the most common.
伊犁人 测试是最常见的。
It uses images made up of dots that are different sizes and colors.
它使用由大小和颜色不同的点所组成的图像.
People with full-color vision can see numbers or shapes inside the pictures.
有全色视觉的人可以在图片内部看到数字或形状.
People with red-green color blindness find it difficult or impossible to identify the hidden symbols.
有红绿相色盲的人发现很难或不可能识别出隐藏的符号.
Can you see the hidden numbers or shapes in the circles in this Ishihara Test?
你能在本次"石原测试"中看到圆圈中隐藏的数字或形状吗?
Tools to Help Color-Blind People Currently, there’s no known cure for color blindness.
帮助彩色闪烁人物的工具 目前, 色彩盲症没有已知的治疗方法。
However, there are many new tools to help people deal with color blindness.
然而,有许多新的工具可以帮助人们应对色盲.
Smartphone apps can perform tasks such as identifying colors and picking colors that go together well.
Smartphone应用软件可以执行识别颜色和选取配合良好的颜色等任务.
These apps can help people choose matching clothes or tell which fruits are ripe at the grocery store.
这些应用可以帮助人们选择相配的衣服,或者告诉杂货店哪些水果已经熟了.
Researchers have also created high-tech lenses that filter out specific wavelengths of light.
研究人员还制造出高科技镜头来过滤出特定的光波长.
Special sunglasses that use these lenses allow people with red-green color blindness to tell the two colors apart and see a full range of colors.
使用这些镜头的特殊太阳镜可以使有红-绿色失明的人分辨出两种颜色,并看到一整道颜色.
These special glasses from En Chroma allow people with red-green color blindness to see a much more colorful world.
这些来自En Chroma的特殊眼镜让有红绿相色盲的人能看到一个更多彩的世界.
Treating Color Blindness Recently, scientists were able to correct red-green color blindness in squirrel monkeys.
处理颜色盲度 最近,科学家们能够纠正松鼠猴的红绿相盲.
The monkeys lacked red cone cells and, as a result, couldn’t tell the difference between red and green.
猴子缺乏红锥细胞,
Researchers used a virus to insert the red gene into the monkeys’ retinas.
研究人员使用病毒将红色基因插入到猴子的视网膜中.
Within about twenty weeks, treated monkeys could tell the difference between red and green dots.
在大约20周之内,被处理的猴子可以分辨出红点和绿点的区别.
This was exciting news because the monkeys had been color-blind since birth.
这是令人振奋的消息,因为猴子从出生起就一直是色盲.
Many doctors and scientists thought that color- blind monkeys’ brains would not have grown in a way that would allow them to see a full range of colors.
许多医生和科学家认为,盲猴的大脑不会长出能够让他们看到各种颜色的方式。
These parts of the brain usually develop when the animals are young.
大脑的这些部分通常在动物年幼时会得到发展.
Now that we know that color blindness can be cured in adult squirrel monkeys, there’s hope for a cure in adult humans, too.
现在,我们知道在成年松鼠猴身上, 颜色盲可以治愈, 成年人类也有希望治愈。
A squirrel monkey takes a color test.
松鼠猴会接受颜色测试.
Color Vision for All?
人人享有彩色视野?
Every year, researchers gain a better understanding of color blindness and its causes.
每年,研究人员都对色盲及其原因有更好的了解.
New tools help color-blind people choose ripe fruit and pick out matching clothes.
新工具帮助色盲人选择成熟的水果并挑选出相配的衣服.
People with red-green color blindness can use special glasses to allow them to tell the difference between shades of red and green.
有红绿相色盲的人可以使用特殊的眼镜来分辨出红绿相色的相色.
Best of all, a treatment for color blindness may be available in the near future.
最好的是,不久的将来可能会提供一种色盲治疗。
Who knows?
谁知道呢?
Maybe someday soon, color blindness will become a thing of the past!
也许有一天 颜色盲会变成过去