The Buffalo Soldiers
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents A New Army.
目录 A 新军.
4 The Original Buffalo Soldiers.
4 水牛战士原作.
6 Out West.
6出西门.
8 The 9th and 10th Cavalries Combine.
8 第9和10骑兵联合队.
12 Later Service.
12 稍后服务。
13 The Buffalo Soldiers’ Legacy.
13 水牛战士遗产。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 A New Army Black soldiers have a long history in the United States.
16 新一军黑兵在美国历史悠久.
Thousands fought for both U.
数千人为两个U而战.
S.
师曰.
North’s army during the Civil War (1861–1865).
南北战争时期的北军(1861–1865).
After the Civil War ended in 1865, Congress created the first peacetime regiments of black soldiers.
1865年内战结束后,国会创建了第一个和平时期的黑人士兵团.
These regiments would come to be known as the Buffalo Soldiers.
这些团将被称为"水牛战士".
Many black men who joined these regiments had fought in the Civil War.
许多加入这些团的黑人参加了内战.
Many others were former slaves.
其他许多人是前奴隶。
As farmer-turned-soldier Charles Creek said, “I got tired of looking mules in the face from sunrise to sunset, thought there must be a better livin’ in this world.”
我厌倦了从日出到日出的脸庞上寻找骡子, “
He and others joined because the U.
他和其他人加入是因为U.
S.
师曰.
Army presented black men with new opportunities.
军队为黑人提供了新的机会.
Although the Civil War ended slavery in the United States, black people still faced discrimination.
虽然内战结束了美国的奴隶制,但黑人仍然面临歧视.
It was hard for them to find work, and when they did, they were often paid less than white workers or weren’t paid at all.
他们很难找到工作,
Black people often weren’t allowed to live in the same places as white people.
黑人往往不被允许与白人同住一地。
It was also hard for black people to gain an education.
黑人也很难接受教育。
In 1866, the U.
1866年,乌.
S.
师曰.
Army paid black soldiers the same as white soldiers—$13 per month.
军队付给黑人士兵的钱与白人士兵一样——每月13美元.
Because black soldiers needed to write messages and understand orders and maps, those who couldn’t were taught to read and write.
因为黑人士兵需要写信息、理解命令和地图,
The army provided soldiers with food, clothes, shelter, work, and the chance for adventure.
军队为士兵提供食物,衣服,住所,工作,以及冒险的机会.
Most of these men were being sent to the western frontier—the Great Plains, deserts, and mountains west of the Mississippi.
这些人大多被送到了西部边境——大平原,沙漠和密西西比以西的山脉.
The Original Buffalo Soldiers The first black units formed in 1866 were the 38th through 41st Infantry Regiments and the 9th and 10th Cavalry Regiments.
水牛战士的原作 1866年组建的第一批黑人部队是第38至41步兵团和骑兵第九和第十团.
Many historians consider the 10th to be the original Buffalo Soldiers.
许多历史学家认为"十"是"水牛战士"的原作.
First stationed at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, the 10th Cavalry was led by Colonel Benjamin Grierson, a white man.
最初驻扎在堪萨斯州的莱文沃斯堡,第10骑兵团由白人本杰明·格里森上校率领.
Like the other black regiments, the 10th Cavalry faced many challenges.
与其他黑人团一样,第10骑兵团也面临许多挑战.
Many white soldiers and officers didn’t think black soldiers should serve in the army.
许多白人士兵和军官认为黑人士兵不应该在军队服役.
They gave the black soldiers old or lame horses as well as poor or damaged supplies.
他们向黑人士兵提供老旧或跛脚的马匹以及贫乏或被损坏的补给.
They gave them hot wool uniforms to wear in summer.
他们给了他们夏季穿的热羊毛制服.
During the winter, black soldiers were often wet and cold.
在冬季,黑人士兵经常被潮湿而寒冷.
The food they received was never as good as the food for white soldiers.
他们收到的食物从未像白人士兵得到的食物那样好.
If a white soldier stole from or hurt a black soldier, the white soldier often went free.
如果一名白人士兵从一名黑人士兵那里偷来或伤害了一名黑人士兵,那么白人士兵往往会自由出行.
Field workers stand in a Florida cotton field in 1879.
1879年田地工人站在佛罗里达州的一个棉花地上.
Hard labor was the only work available to many black people after the Civil War— often the same work they’d done as slaves.
许多黑人在内战后只能从事苦力劳动,
Word Wise Infantries are made up of soldiers who fight on foot.
语出智慧 婴儿由徒步作战的士兵所组成.
In the past, cavalries were made up of soldiers who rode horses.
过去骑兵由骑马的士兵所组成.
Today, cavalries are made up of soldiers in vehicles.
如今,骑兵由车辆中的士兵所组成.
Colonel Grierson asked to have his unit moved to another fort.
格里森上校要求他的部队搬到另一个要塞.
They were moved, but things were much the same wherever they went.
他们被感动了 但不管他们去哪 事情都一样
Despite this treatment, the 10th Cavalry and the other regiments of black soldiers continued to perform their duties.
尽管有这种待遇,第10骑兵团和其他黑人士兵团继续履行职责.
Their regiments were often praised for their work and conduct.
他们的兵团的工作和行为经常被称赞.
Black soldiers were much less likely to quit or cause trouble than many white soldiers.
与许多白人士兵相比,黑人士兵退出或制造麻烦的可能性要小得多.
Out West The West was a wild place during the late 1800s.
离开西部 西方在1800年代后期是一个野生地.
More and more settlers were moving in.
越来越多的定居者迁入。
Because the area was so huge, it was hard to keep order.
因为这个区域如此之大,所以很难维持秩序.
Outlaws often stole cattle and horses.
外人经常会偷牛和马.
They also robbed banks as well as stagecoaches, which provided important supplies and mail to the settlers.
他们还抢劫银行和舞台机,向定居者提供重要用品和邮件。
Colonel Benjamin Grierson NEBRASKA UTAH COLORADO KANSAS TEXAS MEXICO MISSOURI IOWA Fort Leavenworth Fort Riley Fort Niobrara Fort Robinson Fort Selden Fort Sill Fort Concho Fort Clark Fort Stockton Fort Davis GULF OF MEXICO Where Were They?
本杰明·格里森·内布拉多·克洛拉多·克洛拉多·克洛拉多斯上校 特克萨斯·墨西奥里·米索里 莱文沃斯堡 莱文沃斯堡 尼奥布拉拉堡 鲁滨逊堡 塞尔登堡 锡尔堡 康乔堡 克拉克堡 斯多克顿堡 戴维斯堡
This map shows important forts where the Buffalo Soldiers served in the late 1800s.
这幅地图显示了水牛战士在1800年代后期服役的重要要塞.
WYOMING Oklahoma Territory Indian Territory New Mexico Territory Arizona Territory N EW S Outlaws rob a stagecoach in 1880.
WYOMING 俄克拉荷马领地 印第安领地 新墨西哥领地 亚利桑那领地 NEW S Outlaws 在1880年抢劫了一辆马戏车.
This drawing records the scene as described by a witness.
这幅画记录了目击者描述的场景.
Meanwhile, the expansion of the United States also pushed Native Americans off the lands they had lived on for thousands of years.
与此同时,美国的扩张也迫使美洲原住民离开他们几千年所居住的土地.
The U.
吴人.
S.
师曰.
government ordered the different Indian tribes to make deals forcing them onto poorer land on reservations but promising them food and other supplies.
政府命令不同印第安部落进行交易,迫使他们在保留地上进入更贫穷的土地,但承诺向他们提供食物和其他供应。
The government did not keep its promises, which angered Native Americans.
政府没有信守承诺,这激怒了美洲原住民.
Some tribes began attacking soldiers and settlers, taking back land and supplies.
一些部落开始攻击士兵和定居者,取回土地和物资.
Regiments of black soldiers were ordered to protect settlers, towns, and supplies from outlaws and Native Americans.
黑兵团被命令保护定居者,城镇,以及来自不法分子和美洲原住民的补给.
Yet because of their skin color, the black soldiers were rarely welcomed in towns.
然而由于其肤色,黑人士兵在城镇中很少受到欢迎.
Between 1866 and 1875, the 10th Cavalry was stationed in different places around Kansas and Indian Territory, now Oklahoma.
1866至1875年间,第10骑兵团驻扎在堪萨斯州和印度领地(现俄克拉荷马州)等地的不同地方.
It was during this time that they earned the name Buffalo Soldiers.
在此期间,他们获得了水牛战士的称号.
The name came from Native Americans.
这个名字来自美洲原住民.
Some say Comanches gave the 10th the name, while others say it was the Cheyennes.
有人说 科曼切斯给了第十名,而其他人则说这是夏安人.
One story is that the name came from the black soldiers’ hair being similar to the dark, woolly hair between a buffalo’s horns.
其中一个故事是,这个名字来自黑兵的发型,类似于一头水牛的角之间的深色羊毛发.
Other stories say that the name came from the black soldiers’ strength in battle, which was like a trapped buffalo’s.
其他故事说这个名字来自黑人士兵在战斗中的实力,
Wherever the name came from, all the regiments of black soldiers soon adopted it.
无论名字来自何处,所有黑人士兵的团团都很快采纳了这个名字.
They knew that the buffalo was sacred to Native Americans, and only a respected enemy would be named for it.
他们知道水牛对美洲原住民来说是神圣的,只有受人尊敬的敌人才会因此而被取名.
In time, they even added an image of the buffalo to their flag.
在时间上,他们甚至将水牛的形象加入了他们的旗帜.
The 9th and 10th Cavalries Combine In 1875, the 10th Cavalry was sent to Texas, where it joined the 9th Cavalry.
第九和第十骑兵团 1875年,第10骑兵团被派往德克萨斯州,并在那里加入了第9骑兵团.
At that time, the government was trying to force the Apache tribes to move onto reservations in Arizona.
当时政府正试图迫使阿帕奇部落迁入亚利桑那州的保留地.
Knowing the government would not keep its promises, and not wanting to live on poor land far from their home, the Apaches fought back.
阿帕奇人知道政府不会信守诺言,不想生活在远离家园的贫瘠地上,于是反击.
The warrior chief Victorio had led a band of excellent fighters since the 1850s.
勇士首领维克多里奥从1850年代起就领导了一支优秀的战士乐队.
They had been attacking settlements and U.
他们一直在攻击定居点和U。
S.
师曰.
troops for years.
军队多年。
Colonel Grierson and the 9th and 10th Cavalries were ordered to capture Victorio.
格里森上校和第九和第十骑兵团奉命攻克维克多里奥.
After many battles and chases, they finally drove him into Mexico.
经过多次战斗和追逐,他们最终将他赶入了墨西哥.
He died there in 1880.
1880年他在那里去世.
Afterward, the 10th Cavalry remained in the Southwest for years, trying to bring the Apaches under control.
之后,第10骑兵团在西南地区停留了多年,试图将阿帕奇人控制.
The 9th Cavalry was sent to Indian Territory, where they fought outlaws and settlers who were trying to take land set aside for Native Americans.
第9骑兵团被派往了印第安领地,在那里他们与试图夺取为美洲原住民留出的土地的不法分子和定居者作战.
The Buffalo Soldiers may have been named for the buffalo coats they sometimes wore.
水牛战士可能因有时所穿的水牛外衣而得名.
Later Service The Buffalo Soldiers continued to work in the West, earning fourteen Medals of Honor between 1870 and 1890.
后期服务 水牛战士继续在西方工作,在1870至1890年间获得十四个荣誉勋章.
The Medal of Honor is the highest award a U.
荣誉勋章是U的最高奖项.
S.
师曰.
soldier can earn.
士兵可以挣钱
In 1898, the Buffalo Soldiers fought in the Spanish-American War.
1898年,水牛战士出战西班牙-美国战争.
They took part in many battles and earned five Medals of Honor.
他们参加了多场战役并获得5个荣誉勋章.
Even so, some leaders in the U.
即使如此,一些领导人在U.
S.
师曰.
Army still thought black soldiers were unable to perform as well as white soldiers.
军队仍然认为黑人士兵和白人士兵一样不能表现.
After that war, between 1899 and 1904, the Buffalo Soldiers worked as park rangers, serving in several national parks in California.
战后,从1899年到1904年,水牛战士出任公园护林员,在加利福尼亚州的多所国家公园服役.
They built roads and trails, fought forest fires, and stopped people from hunting animals and stealing timber.
他们修建了道路和小道,扑灭了森林火灾,并阻止了人们去打猎动物并偷取木材.
During World Wars I and II, new black regiments formed, but they were still called Buffalo Soldiers and were still led by white officers.
世界大战期间 第一和第二个,新组建了黑人团,但他们仍然被叫作"水牛战士"并仍然由白人军官领导.
They were kept separate from white soldiers until the Korean War, when the troops were mixed in with other units.
他们一直被与白人士兵分开,直到朝鲜战争,部队与其他部队混入.
A mixed unit of black and white soldiers serves in Korea in 1950.
1950年由黑白士兵组成的混合部队在韩国服役.
Buffalo Soldiers on Bikes How would you like to ride a bike without brakes—in the mountains?
骑自行车的水牛战士 你想在山上骑辆没有刹车的自行车吗?
That’s just what the Buffalo Soldiers did in the 1890s.
1890年代,
The army wanted to see if bikes could replace horses since bikes were cheaper and easier to care for.
军队想看看机车是否可以代替马匹,因为机车价格更便宜,也更容易被照顾.
The soldiers rode 1,900 miles from Fort Missoula, Montana, to St.
士兵们从蒙大拿州的米苏拉堡出行了1900英里,到达了圣.
Louis, Missouri.
(原始内容存档于2018-10-21). Louis, Missouri.
The Buffalo Soldiers’ Legacy People haven’t forgotten about the Buffalo Soldiers.
水牛战士的遗产并没有忘记水牛战士。
Many books have been written about them and monuments raised to them.
许多关于他们的书籍被写出,并树立了纪念碑.
History remembers the Buffalo Soldiers as tough men who took on tough jobs.
历史记忆中"水牛战士"是坚韧的人,承担了艰苦的工作.
Although they were often treated poorly and often faced discrimination, they fought to prove they were good at their jobs.
虽然她们往往受到不平等待遇并常常受到歧视,但他们努力证明自己善于工作。
Their bravery and service are an important part of America’s story.
他们的勇敢与服务是美国故事的重要组成部分.
Glossary buffalo (n.)
词汇水牛 (n.)
another name for the American bison; a large, cowlike animal with a big head, large hump, and short horns (p.
又名"美国野牛";是一头有大头,大头驼和短角(p.
4) discrimination the unfair treatment of a person (n.)
4)歧视一个人的不公平待遇(n.
or group based on gender, race, age, religion, or other differences (p.
或基于性别、种族、年龄、宗教或其他差异的团体(p.
5) expansion (n.)
5) 扩张 (n.
an increase in the size, amount, volume, or scope of something (p.
某个东西的大小、数量、体积或范围的增加(p.
9) frontier (n.)
9) 边疆 (n.
a wilderness area at the edge of a country’s official border or settled region (p.
位于一国正式边界或定居地边缘的荒地(p.
5) opportunities chances to do something (p.
5) 做一些事情的机会(p.
4) (n.)
4）（名词词条）