World of Wigs
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Welcome to the World of Wigs.
欢迎来到Wigs世界目录.
4 What’s a Wig?
4个 何为Wig?
5 What’s in a Wig?
页:1 维格有什么?
6 The First Wigs.
6 第一位维格人.
7 Banishing Baldness in Greece and Rome.
7 在希腊和罗马被放逐.
9 Fashionable French Hair.
9 时尚法发.
11 Wigs Go Over-the-Top.
11 Wigs Go Over-top. (英语).
12 Hair Today, Gone Tomorrow?
今天12发,明天不见了?
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Welcome to the World of Wigs Throughout history, people have always had an obsession with hair.
16,欢迎来到Wigs世界 在整个历史, 人们总是对发型着迷。
From ancient Egyptian culture to modern society, wigs have played an important role in this obsession.
从古埃及文化到现代社会,假发在这种痴迷中起了重要作用.
Wigs have been worn for many reasons, from fashion to social standing.
从时尚到社会地位,
Wigs made from human hair last the longest and are easier than synthetic wigs to cut and style.
由人类发型制成的维格最长并比合成假发更容易剪接和样式.
What’s a Wig?
何为Wig?
Wigs come in many styles, from full wigs to toupees and extensions.
wigs有多种风格,从完整的假发到被托派和扩展.
Full wigs cover the entire top and sides of the head down to the neck.
完整的假发覆盖了整个上部和头部的两侧下至颈部.
Toupees cover part of the head from the forehead to the crown and from ear to ear.
托皮人将部分头部从额头到花冠和从耳到耳覆盖.
The person’s own hair shows at the back of the head.
个人的发型出现在头部后部。
Extensions are pieces of hair or fiber that are attached to wigs or natural hair with pins, clips, or glue.
延伸指被相接于假发上或带有针,夹,或胶的天然毛发上而成的发型或纤维.
Extensions create a thicker or longer look.
扩展创建了更厚或更长的外观.
Wigs can be made of many different materials: wool, animal hair, straw, and even plastics such as nylon.
维格可以由许多不同的材料来制成:羊毛,动物发,稻草等,甚至尼龙等塑料.
Double-sided tape is used to attach a toupee to the scalp.
双面相带用于将一个被子接入头皮.
What’s in a Wig?
维格有什么?
Until the 1700s, wigs were often specially made for one person.
在1700年代之前,假发经常是专门为一个人所制作.
They were so expensive that most people could not afford them.
它们非常昂贵,以至于大多数人都买不起。
A tight cap with a fabric base was made to fit the person’s head.
设计出有布料底部的紧身帽,以适合个人的头部。
The hair was then looped over the cap and tied off.
头发被绕到帽子上然后被绑了起来。
It was attached to the fabric base with beeswax, resin, or glue.
它被附着在布料基上有蜂蜡,树脂或胶.
Once attached to the base, the “hair” could then be styled to match the fashion of the times.
一旦与基地相接,那么“发条”就可以被命名为符合时代的时尚。
In the 1700s, wigs that could fit anyone became popular.
在1700年代,可以适合任何人的假发变得很受欢迎.
These wigs had a ribbon at the edge of the cap that could be tightened to fit the head.
这些假发在帽口边缘有丝带可以收紧以适应头部.
Because these wigs could fit many different sizes of heads, the prices dropped and more people could afford them.
因为这些假发可以适应许多不同大小的头部,所以价格下跌了,更多的人可以买得起.
The tool used to weave wigs is called a ventilating needle.
用来编织假发的工具被称作通气针.
The needle attaches hair to the wig by pulling the hair through holes in the base and then tying the strands.
针头通过把头发从底部的洞中拉出,再将绳索绑住,将头发接入假发上.
The First Wigs The oldest-known wigs date back to 1400 bc in Egypt.
头一维 最出名的假发可以追溯到埃及的1400bc.
Many people in Egypt wore wigs to look like their gods—and to cover bald spots.
埃及许多人穿着假发,
A full head of hair was a sign of being strong and healthy.
满发是强健健康的标志.
The Egyptians believed their gods had fancy, thick, braided hair, so they made wigs in the same style.
埃及人相信他们的神祇有花俏,厚而有辫子的发型,因此他们用同一种风格来制作假发.
Wigs are shown in both ancient Egyptian tomb art and sculpture.
维格在古埃及的墓道艺术和雕塑中都有显示.
In Egypt, people at every level of society wore wigs.
在埃及,社会各阶层的人都戴着假发。
The king and his family wore wigs made of human hair and decorated with ivory and silver.
国王和家人穿戴由人发所制的假发并用象牙和银子装饰.
Wealthy people could afford wigs made from wool or goat hair, while poor people could only afford straw wigs.
富人可以买得起由羊毛或山羊毛制成的假发,而穷人只能买得起稻草假发.
Wigs in Asia People in Asian cultures have rarely worn wigs in daily life.
亚洲文化中的维格人很少在日常生活中穿戴假发.
However, wigs have been an important part of costumes in Japanese and Chinese theater for many centuries.
然而,多世纪以来,假发一直是日本和中国剧院服装的重要组成部分.
In the film Cleopatra, Elizabeth Taylor had three different wigs for every hairstyle.
在电影"克利奥帕特拉"(Cleopatra)中,伊丽莎白·泰勒(Elizabeth Taylor)为每个发型都拥有三个不同的假发.
Banishing Baldness in Greece and Rome Wealthy people in later times also wore false hair.
在后期被放逐出希腊和罗马的富人也穿了假发.
The noblewomen of ancient Greece and Rome wore wigs with braids and curls on top of their heads.
古希腊和罗马的贵族妇女头顶上戴有辫子和卷发的假发.
The more braids and the more ornate the style, the higher their social standing.
辫子越多,风格越优雅,他们的社会地位就越高.
The hairstyles of Greek goddesses, such as Aphrodite (left), may have influenced the wigs of Greek women of the times (right).
希腊女神的发型,如Aphrodite(左)等,可能影响了当时希腊女性的假发(右).
Blond and red hair were the most popular.
金发和红发是最受欢迎的
Some Romans kept blond and red-haired slaves so they would have hair available for their wigs whenever they needed it.
一些罗马人保留了金发和红发的奴隶,这样他们随时需要假发时都可以有发型.
The wealthy men and women of Rome wore wigs to hide their bald spots.
罗马的富裕男女都戴了假发来隐藏秃斑.
Some emperors wore wigs as disguises so they could go outside the palace without being recognized.
有的皇帝戴假发来作伪装,这样就可以出宫出走而不被认出来.
They wanted to find out what everyday people really thought of them.
他们想知道人们每天对他们有什么想法。
The Bald and Mighty Julius Caesar Julius Caesar, emperor of Rome (100–44 bc) was losing hair and was not happy about it.
鲍德和万能的尤利乌斯·凯撒·凯撒,罗马皇帝(100–44 bc)正在失发,对此不高兴.
First he tried growing it longer in the back and brushing it over his scalp, but that didn’t work.
首先,他试图在后方种植更长的时间,并在头皮上刷一刷,但这行不通。
Then his girlfriend, Cleopatra (the last pharaoh of Egypt), suggested a recipe for hair loss that included ground- up mice, horse teeth, and bear grease.
他的女友克利奥帕特拉(埃及最后一位法老)提出了一种失发秘方,包括地上老鼠,马牙和熊脂等.
This potion didn’t work, either.
这道药也没有用。
Caesar decided that wearing a laurel wreath was easier.
凯撒决定穿戴一顶荣耀花圈比较容易.
The wreath stood for victory in battle.
花圈代表战斗中的胜利.
It was also a pretty good cover-up for his baldness.
这也是一个相当好的掩盖他的秃发.
Fashionable French Hair From the end of the Roman Empire through the next several centuries, wigs lost popularity.
时尚法国发型 从罗马帝国末期到后几个世纪,假发失去了受欢迎.
Then, in the early seventeenth century, King Louis XIII, ruler of France, brought wigs back into fashion.
后于17世纪早期由法国统治者路易十三国王将假发带回了时尚.
At the age of twenty-three, he began to lose his hair.
23岁时,他开始发作.
He was worried that people would have less respect for him if they thought he was going bald.
他担心,人们如果以为他秃了,就会不那么尊敬他.
To hide his hair loss, he wore wigs that looked like his natural hairstyle.
为了掩盖发型失落,他戴着看起来像他天然发型的假发.
Many noblemen wanted to look like their king, so they began to wear the same style of wig.
许多贵族想看起来像他们的国王,于是他们开始穿同一种相貌相的假发.
Hair Donation Certain illnesses cause hair loss in some people.
捐出头发 某些疾病会给一些人造成发型损失.
Doctors may suggest wigs for these patients.
医生可能建议给这些病人戴上假发。
Wigs may help sick people feel more positive and get more benefits from treatment.
wigs 可能会帮助病人感到更加积极,并从治疗中获得更多的好处.
Today, some people give their long hair to organizations like Locks of Love, which makes wigs for children who have lost their hair.
今天,有些人把长发交给了"爱之锁"等组织,这为已经失去发型的儿童制造了假发.
King Louis XIII of France Wigs Go Over-the-Top As clothing fashions at the royal courts became fancier, the need for fancier hairstyles also grew.
法国国王路易十三 随着皇家宫廷的服饰时尚越来越出风头,对出风头发型的需求也越来越大.
This meant an increased demand for wigs and extensions.
这意味着对假发和延长的需求增加。
Women would style their hair, both real and false, over a frame or pillow on their head to create shapes.
女人会把真假的发型 画出头顶的相框或枕头来造型
Then the style was set with lard (pig fat), and the whole thing was powdered to keep the hair in place.
后以猪脂(猪脂)为作样式,将整作粉以保持发型.
Certain styles were three feet (0.
某些风格有3英尺(0.
91 m) tall!
91米)高个子!
Some women had model ships built into their hairstyles.
一些女性的发型中装有模型船.
These styles were so hard to create that women would leave them in for months without combing or washing their hair.
这些风格很难创造,以至于妇女会在几个月内离开她们,而不梳理或洗发.
A cartoon drawn in 1778 shows an example of the crazy wigs popular in women’s fashion in France.
1778年绘制的一幅漫画展示了法国女性时尚中流行的疯狂假发的例子.
The lard used to set these hairstyles would spoil over time.
用来摆设发型的猪油会随着时间的推移而破坏.
Cockroaches, mice, and even rats would build nests in the hair.
蟑螂,小鼠,甚至大鼠也会在头发上筑巢.
Women carried a long stick with a claw on the end.
女人带着一根长长的棍子,末端有爪子.
The stick allowed them to scratch inside their hair without ruining their wig.
棍子可以让他们在发型上刮伤发型而不破坏假发.
By the eighteenth century, wigs in Western Europe were used by doctors, lawyers, judges and members of the church.
到18世纪,西欧的假发被医生,律师,法官和教会成员所使用.
Today, judges and lawyers in the United Kingdom courts still wear wigs as part of their uniforms.
今天,联合王国法院的法官和律师仍然穿着假发,作为其制服的一部分。
Then and now: (top) a depiction of the English court in the eighteenth century; (bottom) judges attending a meeting at Westminster Abbey Toupees came into fashion then, too.
然后,现在:(上)描绘了18世纪的英国法院;(下)出席威斯敏斯特修道院(Westminster Abbey Toupees)会议的法官也因此成为时尚。
While still ornate and powdered, they had major advantages—they were much cooler and lighter than full wigs.
虽然它们仍为蛋白质和粉末,但具有很大优势——它们比完整的假发更凉爽更轻。
By the 1850s in Europe, many people had stopped wearing wigs.
到1850年代欧洲,许多人已经不再戴假发.
Many of the common people saw them as a luxury only the rich could afford.
许多普通人认为他们是一种奢侈品,只有富人能够负担。
Bigwig The word bigwig means an important person.
大维 "大"字指重要人物.
It was used in a 1703 English journal called English Spy.
它被用在1703年的英文期刊"英语间谍"中.
The richest and most powerful people at that time wore the biggest and fanciest wigs.
当时最富有和最有势力的人,都穿了最大和最幻想的假发.
Sir Edward Willes, an English judge in eighteenth-century Britain, is an example of someone who might be referred to as a bigwig.
爱德华·威利斯爵士(英語:Edward Willes)是18世纪英国的一位英国法官,他是一个可以被指为大人物的例子.
Hair Today, Gone Tomorrow?
今天发型,明天就不见了?
As technology improved in the twentieth century, people began to create wigs out of nylon threads.
随着技术在二十世纪的改进,人们开始用尼龙线来制造假发.
Nylon looked like human hair but cost a lot less.
尼龙看起来像人的发型,但价格却低得多.
It also allowed for more colors, giving people more choices for looks and locks.
它还允许更多的颜色,给人们更多的外观和锁的选择.
Today, people continue to wear wigs for many different reasons.
今天,人们继续戴假发,原因很多不同.
They wear them to appear fashionable and stylish or simply to change their appearance.
它们穿来显得时尚和时髦,或者只是改变外观.
People who are bald or losing their hair may wear wigs to feel better about themselves.
秃发相克或发相相克者可能会戴假发来感觉好些.
Clowns or actors might wear wigs as part of their costumes.
小丑或演员可能会将假发作为自己服装的一部分.
Styles have changed, depending on the fashion of the time.
风格因时尚而有变化.
Even so, whether they are long or short, fancy or plain, wigs have played an important role in human history.
即使如此,无论是长相还是短相,花相还是平相相,假发在人类历史上都发挥了重要作用.
Who knows what the next great fashionable hairstyle will be?
谁知道下一个时尚发型会是什么?
Over 200,000 people wearing clown wigs and costumes take part in a Carnival Parade.
超过20万人穿着小丑假发和服装参加狂欢游行.