What’s in a Name?
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
5 Family Names.
5"姓氏".
Names from a Father.
父亲的名字
Names from a Place.
名字来自一个地方。
Names from a Job.
从一个工作。
Names from a Description.
名字来自一个描述。
16 Changing Names.
16 更改名称。
17 First Names.
17 初名相会.
20 Family Names as First Names.
20 姓为名.
21 Nicknames.
21个昵称.
21 Index of Names in the Book.
21 该书中的名称索引.
24 Kong-Sang Chan changed his name to Jackie Chan.
24孔相陈更名成龙.
Introduction In this book, we are going to study names.
导言 在这本书中,我们将研究地名。
We will use the names of a third grade class to find out where names come from.
我们会用三年级班的名字 找出名字的来源
Your last name is your family name.
姓为出家.
Your first name is your given name.
初名为所出.
It’s called “given name” because your parents give it to you.
这叫做“赐名”,因为你父母给了你。
Often your parents will pick two names for you, a first name and a middle name.
通常你父母会为你取出两个名字,一个名字,一个中间名字.
You have your name all your life.
你一辈子都有你的名字
However, many women change their family name when they marry.
然而,许多妇女在结婚时会改变姓氏。
They take the family name of their husband.
他们取出丈夫的姓。
Their children have this family name as their last name.
他们的孩子以这个姓氏为姓.
This is Tommy Tomkins.
这是汤米・汤姆金斯。
There are twenty-four other children in Tommy’s class.
汤米班里还有24个孩子。
Twelve are boys and twelve are girls.
12个男孩,12个女孩。
Every morning, at school, Mrs.
每天早上,在学校,夫人。
Zimmerman, the teacher, calls out the names of the children.
师子齐默曼 calls罗出童子名.
The children shout “present” after they hear their names.
这些儿童在听到他们的名字后,喊出“在场”。
Daniel Armstrong Robert Figueroa Andrew Fitzgerald Joshua Fox Jason Freeman José Garcia William Gardener Kareem Johnson Matthew Longfellow Michael O’Brian Thomas Tomkins Christopher Wood David Yamamura Samantha Baker Kim Chan Jennifer Clark Emily Fisher Rebecca Goldschmitt Amanda Hill Stephanie Jackson Kawanna Macdonald Isabelle Rodriguez Brittany Schumacher Ashley Taylor Sarah White Family Names Your family name has probably been in your family for hundreds of years.
丹尼尔·阿姆斯特朗 罗伯特·菲格罗亚 安德鲁·菲茨杰拉德 约书亚·福克斯 杰森·弗里曼 何塞·加西亚·威廉·园丁 Kareem 约翰逊·马修·隆费洛 迈克尔·奥布里安·托马斯·汤姆金斯 贝克 金姆,金姆,金姆,金姆,金姆,金姆,金姆,金姆,金姆 陈珍妮弗·克拉克·艾米莉·费舍尔·丽贝卡·戈德施密特 阿曼达·希尔·斯蒂芬妮·杰克逊 川纳 麦克多纳德 伊莎贝尔·罗德里格斯·布列塔尼·舒马赫 阿什利·泰勒·萨拉·怀特家族名 你家族的名字可能已经存在了几百年了
At one time many years ago, people had only one name, a given name.
多年前一度,人们只有一个名字,一个给定的名字.
At that time, there were very few names for parents to choose from.
当时,父母选择的名字很少。
People lived in small villages where everyone knew each other.
人们住在大家都认识的小村庄里
Over the years, the population increased.
多年来,人口增长了。
Villages grew larger.
村庄越来越大。
Towns were formed.
城镇成立.
In the towns and villages many people had the same name, and it started to get confusing.
在城镇和村庄,许多人同名同姓,开始引起混乱。
In one village there may have been eight men called John.
在一个村庄里,可能有8个人叫约翰.
The villagers had to add words to the different Johns’ names to understand which John they were talking about.
村民们不得不在约翰斯不同的名字上加上一些字来理解他们所说的约翰.
Some of the Johns were known by adding their father’s name.
一些约翰人通过增加父亲的名字而出名.
(For example, John, David’s son; or John, Jack’s son.)
(例如大卫之子约翰;或杰克之子约翰.
Others were known by where they lived.
其他人被他们居住的地方所认识。
(For example, John from the hill, or John from the lake.)
(例如山上约翰,或湖上约翰.
Others were known by the job they did.
其他人被他们的工作所认识。
(For example, John the carpenter or John the gardener.)
(例如木匠约翰或园丁约翰.
Still others were known by some personal feature.
还有一些被一些个人特征所认识。
white hair.)
白发. )
In the Middle Ages, the rulers of many countries wanted to know who everyone was in their country.
在中世纪,许多国家的统治者都想知道自己国家里每个人是谁.
They wanted to make sure everyone was paying taxes, so they needed to count everyone.
他们想要确保每个人都在纳税,所以他们需要数起每个人.
These rulers didn’t want to get mixed up with eight different Johns, nine different Henrys, and ten different Williams in one village.
这些统治者不想与八个不同的约翰,九个不同的亨利,以及一个村庄的十个不同的威廉姆斯混为一谈.
So they passed laws that said everyone had to have a last name.
于是他们通过法律,说每个人都有姓。
In our example village, with the eight Johns, John, David’s son became John Davidson.
在我们的榜样村,与八位约翰,约翰,大卫的儿子成为了约翰·戴维森.
John, Jack’s son became John Jackson, John from the lake became John Lake, John from the hill became John Hill.
约翰,杰克的儿子成为约翰·杰克逊,来自湖的约翰成为约翰·莱克,来自山地的约翰成为约翰·希尔.
John the carpenter became John Carpenter, and John the gardener became John Gardener.
木匠约翰成为了约翰·卡彭特,园丁约翰成为了约翰·园丁.
John the short became John Short.
短者约翰成为了短者约翰.
John with white hair became John White.
有白发的约翰成为了约翰·怀特.
Our last names are usually based on one of the four groups: 1.
我们的姓通常基于四个组中的一个: 1. 联合国
father’s name 2.
父亲的名字 2. 联合国
place where they lived 3.
他们住的地方3。
job or trade 4.
职业或贸易 4. 国家
person’s appearance Let’s look at all the children in Tommy’s class from page 7 and divide their names into the four groups.
个人的外貌 让我们从第7页看汤米班上的所有儿童,
• Fitz means “son of” and came from France.
• Fitz是“儿子”,来自法国。
Fitzgerald meant “son of Gerald.”
菲茨杰拉德的意思是"杰拉尔德之子".
Jackson as “Jack’s son.”
杰克逊是“杰克的儿子 ” 。
meant “son of Donald.”
“唐纳德之子。 “
names.
名称。
O’Brian meant “son of Brian.”
奥布赖恩的意思是"布莱恩之子". “
“little Tom,” or “Tom’s little one.”
" 小汤姆"或"汤姆的小儿子". “
Roderick.”
罗德里克。 “
Figueroa means “where the fig trees grow” in Spanish.
Figueroa在西班牙语中的意思是“无花果树生长的地方”。
So Robert Figueroa’s ancestors came from a place where fig trees grew in Spain.
因此罗伯特·菲克罗亚的祖先来自西班牙无花果树生长地.
Garcia is the name of a place in Spain, so Jose’s ancestors came from this town.
加西亚是西班牙一地之名,因此何塞的祖先出自于此地.
Yamamura is Japanese.
山村为日本人.
Yama means “mountain,” and mura means “village.”
山的意思是“山地”,而村的意思是“村庄”。 “
David’s ancestors came from a village in the mountains of Japan.
大卫的祖先出自日本山区的一个村庄.
The ancestors of the children in the class with “job” names were bakers, clerks, fishermen, gardeners, goldsmiths, and tailors.
班上有“工作”名字的儿童的祖先是面包师、办事员、渔民、园丁、金匠和裁缝。
Schumacher means “shoemaker” in German, so Brittany had an ancestor who made shoes.
舒马赫在德文中意为"鞋匠",因此布列塔尼有一个做鞋的祖先.
Jason Freeman’s ancestors were slaves.
杰森·弗里曼的祖先是奴隶.
They were captured in Africa and brought, against their will, to America to work in the fields.
他们在非洲被俘虏,并违背自己的意愿被带去美国从事实地工作。
When slavery was abolished, they were able to choose their own names.
奴隶制被废除后,他们可以选择自己的名字.
As most didn’t know what their African names were, they Last Name Son of.
因为大多数人不知道非洲的名字,
Williams William Williamson Wilkins Will Wilson Watson Watt Watkins Jones John Harrison Harry Harris Parry Robinson Robin Robbins Common Names from Father’s First Name Last Name Son of.
威廉姆斯·威廉姆森·威尔金斯 威尔逊·沃森·沃特·沃特·沃特金斯 琼斯·约翰·哈里森 哈利・哈里斯 帕里·鲁滨逊 Robin Robbins 父姓的同名姓。
Jason’s ancestors, wanted to show they had become free so they chose the name Freeman.
Jason的祖先想显示他们已经自由了 所以他们选择了Freeman这个名字
Some of the jobs that people did in the Middle Ages, when last names first started, no longer exist.
在中世纪人们从事的一些工作,当姓氏开始后,就不复存在了.
The names, however, still live on.
然而,这些名字仍然继续使用。
Some of these are: Cooper: A cooper made wooden barrels.
其中一些是: Cooper: 一个由库珀制成的木桶.
Hooper: A hooper made hoops for barrels.
胡柏: Hoo: 一个螺旋桨做螺旋桶。
Archer and Bowman: Archers and bowmen were soldiers who used a bow and arrows.
弓箭手和弓箭手:弓箭手和弓箭手是使用弓箭的士兵.
Fletcher: A fletcher made arrows.
弗莱彻: 活活生生地出出箭来.
Carter: A carter made or drove carts.
卡特:一个卡特制造或驾驶的推车.
Wheeler: A wheeler made wheels for the carts.
惠勒: 一个轮子为马车制造了轮子.
Tanner: A tanner worked with leather.
坦纳:一个制革厂与皮革一起工作.
The first ancestor of Daniel Armstrong with a last name was known as a strong man.
丹尼尔·阿姆斯特朗第一个有姓氏的祖先被称作"强人".
Chan is Chinese and means “old,” so the first person to have a last name in Kim’s family was old.
陈是中国人,意思是"老",所以金家第一个有姓的人就是老了.
Some people have animal names as last names.
有些人以动物为姓氏.
This usually means that their ancestor acted like the animal in some way.
这通常意味着他们的祖先在某种程度上表现得像动物.
Joshua Fox’s ancestor was probably cunning, like a fox.
Joshua Fox的祖先可能很狡猾,
Longfellow was a tall person and White had white hair.
朗费洛是个高个子,怀特有白发.
Changing Names Sometimes family names were changed for different reasons.
有时姓氏会因不同原因被更改。
Many of the people going to America from Europe had difficult names to pronounce and spell.
许多从欧洲去美国的人 名字很难发音和拼写
To make things less difficult, they changed their names.
为了减少困难,他们改了名字.
Sometimes people arrived in the country and an official would change their name for them.
有时人们来到了这个国家,一位官员会为他们改名.
This was because the official couldn’t understand them when he asked them their name, or he couldn’t spell it properly.
因为官员在问他们名字时无法理解他们,
Someone called Jan Micsza would have become John Mc Shea.
一个叫Jan Micsza的人会变成John Mc Shea.
Someone with the last name of Mlynar would become Miller.
有个姓Mlynar的人会变成米勒
Hildergart Zimmerman (German for “carpenter”) would become Hilda Carpenter.
希尔德加特·齐默尔曼(德语意为"木匠")将成为希尔达·卡彭特.
Father Place Job Description Fitzgerald Figueroa Baker Armstrong Johnson Garcia Clark Chan Jackson Hill Fisher Fox Macdonald Wood Freeman Longfellow O’Brian Yamamura Gardener White Tomkins Goldschmitt Rodriguez Schumacher Taylor Types of Names in Tommy’s Grade 3 Class Caryn Johnson changed her name to Whoopi Goldberg.
父亲职位描述 菲茨杰拉德·菲格罗亚·贝克·阿姆斯特朗·约翰逊 加西亚·克拉克·钱·杰克逊·希尔 费舍尔·福克斯·麦克多纳尔 Wood Freeman Longfellow O'Brian Yamamura园丁 White Tomkins Goldschmitt Rodriguez Schumacher Taylor 汤米三年级班里的名字类型 Caryn Johnson将她的名字改为Whoopi Goldberg.
Sometimes actors and singers change their names so that people will remember them more easily.
有时演员和歌手会更名以让人们更容易地记住他们.
Here are some examples.
以下是一些例子。
First Names Now that you know about family names, let’s look at given names or first names.
名称 现在你知道姓氏了, 让我们看看给定的名字或名字。
There are many different reasons why parents choose a particular name for their child.
父母为孩子选择特定名字的原因有很多不同.
Maybe they name a son after his grandfather.
也许他们以他祖父的名字命名儿子
They could name a daughter after someone they admire, like a writer, actor, or athlete.
他们可以以他们敬仰的人命名女儿,比如作家,演员或运动员.
Or they could just choose a name they like the sound of.
或者他们可以选择他们喜欢的名字
Most first names have meanings, which are very old.
大多数先名都有意义,这些意义非常古老.
Most of these meanings are now forgotten, although some parents will look up the meanings of first names in a book or on the Internet.
这些含义现在大多被遗忘了,虽然有些家长会在一书或互联网上查阅出名的含义.
Family Names as First Names In the past few years, it has become popular to use family names as first names.
姓氏为名 在过去几年中,以姓氏为先名已经流行.
Some examples are: Tyler (originally a family name from someone who put tiles on roofs), Hunter (English, a hunter), Logan (Irish, from a cove), Mason (a stone mason), Blake (Old English, white), Tanner (English, leather- worker), Morgan (Welsh, sea dweller), Haley (English, hay meadow), and Brooke (lived near a brook).
例如: 泰勒(原为出自将瓦片放入屋顶的人的姓氏),猎人(英语:A Hunter),洛根(英语:Irish, from a cove),梅森(一出石砖),布莱克(英语:Old English, white),坦纳(英语:皮革-工人),摩根(韦尔什,海生人),海来(英语:hay meadow)和布鲁克(生于一出溪边).
Nicknames Very often, first names are shortened or changed.
昵称 名字经常被缩短或更改。
These names are called nicknames.
这些名字被称为"外号".
Let’s look at Tommy’s class and see how many nicknames there are.
让我们看看汤米的班级,
Daniel Armstrong is called Danny.
丹尼尔·阿姆斯特朗被称为"丹尼".
Robert Figueroa is called Bobby.
罗伯特·菲克罗亚被称作"鲍比".
Andrew Fitzgerald is called Andy.
安德鲁·菲茨杰拉德叫安迪
Joshua Fox is called Josh.
约书亚·福克斯被称为"乔什".
Jason Freeman is called Flash, but that’s not because of his name.
但这并不是因为他的名字。
It’s because he runs fast.
因为他跑得很快。
José Garcia doesn’t have a nickname.
若泽·加西亚没有外号。
William Gardener is called Billy.
威廉·园丁被称作"比利".
Kareem Johnson is called KJ.
卡来姆·约翰逊被称作"KJ".
Matthew Longfellow is called Matt.
马修·朗费洛被称为"马特".
Michael O’Brian is called Mike.
迈克尔·奥布赖恩(Michael O'Brian)被称作"麦克".
Thomas Tomkins is called Tommy.
托马斯·汤姆金斯被称作"汤米".
Christopher Wood is called Chris.
克里斯托弗(英语: 木头叫克莉丝
David Yamamura is called Dave.
大卫·山村被称作"戴夫".
Girls also have nicknames.
女生也有外号.
Samantha Baker is called Sam.
萨曼莎·贝克叫山姆
Kim Chan doesn’t have a nickname.
金姆,金姆,金姆,金姆,金姆,金姆,金姆,金姆,金姆 Chan没有外号。
Jennifer Clark is called Jenny.
珍妮弗·克拉克被称为"珍妮".
Emily Fisher is called Em.
艾米丽·费舍尔被称作"Em".
Rebecca Goldschmitt is called Becky.
丽贝卡·戈德施密特被称作"贝琪".
Amanda Hill is called Mandy.
阿曼达 希尔被称作"曼地".
Stephanie Jackson is called Stephie.
斯蒂芬妮·杰克逊被称为斯德菲.
Kawanna Macdonald is called Mac.
川纳 麦克多纳德被称为"麦克".
Isabelle Rodriguez is called Bella.
伊莎贝尔·罗德里格斯被称为"贝拉".
Brittany Schumacher is called Britt.
布列塔尼·舒马赫被称作"布列特".
Ashley Taylor is called Spud because she eats a lot of potatoes.
阿什利·泰勒被称作"土豆",因为她吃了很多土豆.
Sarah White doesn’t have a nickname.
Sarah White没有昵称。