Tsunamis
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents The Indian Ocean Tsunami.
目录 印度洋海啸.
4 History of Tsunamis.
4"海啸史".
7 Causes of Tsunamis.
7 海啸的原因。
8 Areas at Risk for Tsunamis.
8 有海啸危险的地区。
14 Warning Systems.
14 警报系统。
15 How to Survive a Tsunami.
15 如何活过海啸.
17 Conclusion.
17 结论。
18 Glossary.
18 词汇。
19 Index.
19 指数。
20 The Indian Ocean Tsunami On December 26, 2004, a powerful earthquake shook the ocean floor near the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.
20 印度洋海啸 2004年12月26日,印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛海岸附近的洋底发生强烈地震.
People in nearby villages felt the earth shake.
附近村庄的人们感受到了地球的震动.
They didn’t know that within minutes a massive wave, known as a tsunami, would flood their homes.
他们不知道几分钟内,
The giant wall of moving water washed away entire towns.
巨大的水面冲走整个城镇
Within hours, the waves had pounded thousands of miles of coast in Indonesia, India, Africa, Thailand, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, and Singapore, among others.
数小时后,海浪在印度尼西亚、印度、非洲、泰国、孟加拉国、马来西亚、马尔代夫、缅甸和新加坡等地的海岸上冲击了数千英里。
The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami washed away much of Banda Aceh, Indonesia.
2004年印度洋海啸冲走印度尼西亚班达亚齐的大部分地区.
People around the world were stunned each day as the reported death toll increased from 20,000 to 100,000 to 226,000.
由于报告的死亡人数从20,000人增加到了10万到226,000人,全世界人民每天都感到震惊。
We will probably never know how many people died because many bodies were buried by the mud and debris or washed out to sea.
我们可能永远不会知道有多少人因为许多尸体被泥土和碎屑掩埋或被冲出海而死亡。
Scientists think that the death toll would have been lower if more people had known about the danger of tsunamis and how to escape them.
科学家们认为,如果有更多的人知道海啸的危险以及如何逃脱海啸,死亡人数将会更低.
Banda Aceh after tsunami Banda Aceh before tsunami T sunami Survivor Stories Amid the stories of loss were amazing stories of survival.
海啸前的班达亚齐,
One man from Indonesia was washed out to sea by the tsunami, but he was able to crawl onto a wooden raft.
一名来自印度尼西亚的人被海啸冲出海面,但他能爬上木筏.
He survived by eating coconuts and drinking rainwater.
他靠吃椰子和喝雨水活了下来.
A ship rescued him after two weeks at sea.
一艘船在出海两周后救出他.
Some people outran the water or were washed inland by the wave.
一些人冲出水面或被大浪冲入内陆.
Others survived by hanging onto trees or by climbing to the tops of strong buildings.
其他人则活了下来,他们被吊在树上或爬到坚固的建筑物上。
The people who headed for higher ground as soon as they felt the earthquake were most likely to survive.
那些一旦感觉到地震就前往高地的人们最有可能存活.
Experts say moving to higher ground or inland are the only true safe places to go when a tsunami hits.
专家表示,移动到更高地或内陆是海啸来袭时唯一真正安全的地方.
Causes of Tsunamis Earthquakes on the ocean floor cause most tsunamis.
海啸的原因 洋底地震引发了大部分海啸.
Underwater landslides, volcanic explosions, and meteor impacts also cause tsunamis.
水下滑坡、火山爆炸和流星撞击也造成海啸。
Not every earthquake in or near the ocean causes a tsunami.
并不是每次在海洋或附近发生的地震都会引发海啸.
It depends on the strength of the earthquake and the kind of movement that occurs in Earth’s crust.
这取决于地震的强度和地壳发生的运动类型。
An earthquake has to be at least 6.
地震必须至少6起.
75 on the Richter scale to result in a tsunami.
里氏75度 引发海啸
The Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 was caused by a “mega-earthquake” with a magnitude of 9.
2004年印度洋海啸由震级为9.
History of Tsunamis The word tsunami is Japanese and means “harbor wave.”
海啸历史 海啸一词是日语,意思是“海啸。 “
It originated with Japanese fishermen who would return to port to find their towns destroyed by unusually large ocean waves that they hadn’t even noticed while out at sea.
它起源于日本渔民, 他们返回港口发现他们的城镇被海浪摧毁,
Tsunamis can be devastating when they occur.
海啸一旦发生就可能具有破坏性。
Fortunately, they are very rare.
幸运的是,它们非常罕见。
There are usually six major tsunamis every 100 years worldwide.
全世界每100年通常有六起大海啸.
In 1883 in Indonesia, the volcano Krakatoa exploded and caused a tsunami that killed 36,000 people.
1883年,印度尼西亚的喀拉喀托火山爆炸并引发海啸,造成36000人死亡.
In 1958, a landslide in Alaska splashed into Lituya Bay, creating a wave 1,720 feet (524.
1958年,阿拉斯加的一场山体滑坡溅入了利图亚湾,形成一波1,720英尺(524.
26 meters) high.
高26米).
An earthquake off the coast of Chile caused a tsunami in 1960, devastating parts of South America, Hawaii, and Japan.
1960年智利近海地震引发海啸,摧毁了南美洲,夏威夷和日本等地.
Krakatoa erupting in 1943 How Strong Is It?
1943年喀拉喀托火山爆发,有多强大?
The force of an earthquake is described with the Richter scale.
地震的震力以里氏度来描述.
People do not feel a 2.
人们感觉不到2分
0 earthquake at all.
0级地震.
Seismographs all around the world can measure a 4.
世界各地的地震仪可以测量出一个 4.
5 quake.
5个地震
With each step up the Richter scale, force increases rapidly.
随着里克特规模的逐一提升,兵力也迅速增加.
A magnitude 6.
数量 6. 国家
0 earthquake has 10 times the power of a 5.
0地震的震力是5的10倍.
0 quake.
0起震动.
So when you hear about a magnitude 7, 8, or 9 quake, remember that each unit is actually 10 times the strength of the unit before.
所以当你听到7,8或9级地震时,请记住,每个单位实际上都是之前单位的10倍强度.
Earthquakes occur when sections of Earth’s crust suddenly slide against each other along a fault.
当地壳的地壳部分沿着断层突然相撞时,就会发生地震。
If an up-and-down shift occurs on the seafloor, all the water above the seafloor moves, too, creating an enormous bulge of water, a tsunami.
如果海底发生上下倾斜,海底上方的所有水也随之移动,造成巨大的水暴,海啸.
The tsunami moves almost invisibly in the open ocean because it is broad and very low compared to surface waves.
海啸几乎隐蔽地在公海上移动,因为与地表海浪相比,海啸范围广泛并非常低.
Tsunamis are sometimes called tidal waves because they rush in like a high tide, but in truth they have nothing to do with tides.
海啸有时被称作"潮汐",因为它们像高潮一样冲入,但实际上与潮汐无关.
Tsunamis are also different from normal surface waves caused by wind.
海啸也不同于由风所引发的普通地表海浪.
Surface waves tend to roll onto shore in a circular motion.
地表波浪往往会以圆形运动方式滚入岸上.
Tsunami waves act much as surface waves do.
海啸和地表海啸一样
The bottom of the tsunami wave drags on the ocean floor slowing it down while the upper part pours onto the shore.
海啸波的底部拖入了洋底,使其减速,而上部则倒入了岸上.
Because tsunami waves are taller and farther apart, much more water pours onto shore at one time.
由于海啸波浪高而相去更远, 更多的水一次倒到岸上。
Surface Waves vs.
地表波浪对.
Tsunami Waves Surface waves roll onto shore fairly close together.
海啸波浪 地表波浪在岸上相去甚远
As waves approach shallower water, the lower part of the wave drags on the ocean floor, slowing it down.
随着海浪接近更浅的水面,海浪的下部会拖入洋底,使其减速.
The upper part of the wave pours onto land.
浪的上部倾入了陆地.
A tsunami can move as fast as a jet plane at speeds of 200-500 miles per hour (321-643 kph).
海啸可以像喷气式飞机一样以时速200-500英里(321-643 kph)的速度快速移动.
Tsunamis retain their strength as they spread out over thousands of miles of ocean, like ripples in a pond.
海啸在数千英里外的海洋中,如海塘中的海浪一样,保持了强度。
They can travel from one side of the Pacific Ocean to the other in less than a day.
它们可以在不到一天的时间里从太平洋的一面前往另一边.
Antarctica India Australia N The numbers show how many hours it took the 2004 tsunami to reach land.
澳大利亚 N 数字显示2004年海啸花了多少小时才到达陆地。
Land bubbles as pressure builds from one plate “sticking” to another.
随着压力从一个板块“粘住”到另一个板块而形成地泡。
“bubble” Sudden movement of land causes a surge of water above the fault line.
土地的“泡泡”突然移动造成断层线上的水激增。
Water rises as a tsunami.
水起为海啸.
Tsunami waves spread away from the fault line.
海啸波从断层线传播出去。
Origin of Earthquake One plate of Earth’s crust pushes under another plate.
地震起源 一个地壳板块推入另一个地壳板块下.
Pressure releases, or pops, in an earthquake INDIAN OCEAN How long did it take the tsunami to reach Australia?
在地震中释放出压力,或流行出压力 海啸持续了多久才到达澳大利亚?
When the wave runs into the shallow shoreline, it grows much higher and it slows down.
当波浪冲入浅海的海岸线时,它会生长出高得多并减速.
First, the sea recedes as the wave approaches.
首先,随着海浪的逼近,海水逐渐消退.
Next, the sea floods in past the normal shoreline and gushes inland, sometimes far up rivers and streams that open to the ocean.
其次,在正常海岸线上空的出海洪水 以及内陆的出海口 有时会流到向海洋开口的河流和溪流
Tsunami waves often come in sets.
海啸潮经常成片出现.
Observers report the first wave of the Indian Ocean tsunami was smaller than the second wave.
观察者报告说,印度洋海啸第一波比第二波小.
Some people survived the first wave but did not keep running and were overwhelmed by the larger, second wave.
有些人在第一波中幸存了下来,但没有继续跑动,被更大的第二波所压倒.
Areas At Risk for Tsunamis Low-lying coastlines in areas where earthquakes are common are most at risk for tsunamis.
在地震多发地的低地海岸线中,海啸风险最大。
The Ring of Fire is a line of volcanoes stretching around the entire Pacific Ocean.
火环是环绕整个太平洋的一行火山.
Where there are volcanoes, frequent earthquakes occur with the movement of Earth’s crust.
在有火山的地方,随着地壳的移动,经常发生地震.
Indonesia is also an area where Earth’s crust moves often.
印度尼西亚也是地壳经常移动的地区.
Although we can’t predict the exact time or location of an earthquake, we can estimate when an area is overdue for one.
尽管我们无法预测地震的确切时间或地点,
Warning Systems There is no practical way to protect property from tsunami devastation, but with early warning, we can save lives.
警报系统 没有保护财产免遭海啸破坏的实际办法,但有了预警,我们就能拯救生命。
When an earthquake occurs at sea, there is usually some time before the resulting tsunami reaches land.
当海上发生地震时,通常有一段时间后产生的海啸会到达陆地.
Unfortunately for the people of Banda Aceh, Indonesia, there were only a few minutes between the quake and the wave.
对印度尼西亚班达亚齐人民来说,不幸地震和波浪之间只有几分钟时间.
It took about three or four hours for the tsunami to reach India and Sri Lanka.
海啸到达印度和斯里兰卡大约需要三到四个小时。
This would have been enough time to radio a message ahead.
这将是足够的时间 发出一个信息前。
Governments and scientists are working to build warning systems for future tsunamis around the world.
各国政府和科学家正在努力为世界各地今后的海啸建立预警系统。
On the Pacific Coast of the United States, a tsunami warning system is in place.
在美国太平洋海岸,建立了海啸预警系统.
Seismographs all along the Pacific Coast detect earthquakes.
太平洋沿岸的地震仪探测出地震.
A tsunami warning is issued any time there is an earthquake of 6.
每当发生6起地震,都会发出海啸警告.
8 in Alaska or 7.
8,阿拉斯加或7。
5 in the western United States.
美国西部5个.
Buoys that are anchored at sea can detect a tsunami’s wave speed and direction and radio this information back to land.
在海上锚起的起伏能探测海啸的波速和方向,
Radio messages and loud sirens warn people in seaside communities that a tsunami is coming.
无线电讯息和响亮的警笛警告海边社区的人们,海啸即将到来.
Signs along the highways label areas at high risk and suggest evacuation routes.
沿高速公路的标志标出高危区域,并推荐疏散路线.
Signs, such as this one, line areas near the coast in the western United States to warn people of the danger of tsunamis.
象这个这样的标志,是美国西部海岸附近的线地来警告人们海啸的危险.
More buoys, such as this one in the Pacific Ocean, will be placed to help scientists monitor tsunamis and to provide warnings to areas at risk.
将部署更多的浮标,例如太平洋的这一浮标,以帮助科学家监测海啸并向有危险的地区提供警报。
Conclusion Earthquakes and tsunamis are scary reminders of the power of nature.
地震和海啸令人惊恐地提醒着大自然的力量。
We can’t prevent these events from happening, but we can prepare for them.
我们无法阻止这些事件发生,
Knowing what to do and getting an early warning can save lives.
了解如何做和获得预警可以拯救生命。
An elephant helps clean up debris left by the devastating December 2004 tsunami in Banda Aceh.
大象有助于清理2004年12月班达亚齐海啸所留下的残骸。
How to Survive a T sunami People who live in areas at risk for tsunamis should keep these rules in mind: • Find out what the safe evacuation routes are and develop a family emergency plan.
如何幸存生活在海啸危险地区的T阳光居民应铭记这些规则: 找出安全疏散路线是什么,并制定家庭应急计划。
you may have hours or only minutes to leave.
你可能还有时间或只有几分钟离开。
that has already arrived should be a last resort.
已经到达的应该是最后的手段。
causing the waste of precious minutes.
浪费了宝贵的时间
• Don’t stay in small buildings close to the coast.
• 支助 不要待在靠近海岸的小建筑里。
Most houses cannot withstand the force of a tsunami.
大多数房屋无法承受海啸的力量。
can wash far inland along river channels.
可以沿河道向内陆方向冲去
first wave may not be the biggest, or the last.
第一波也许不是最大的,也不是最后的。