Snakebite!
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Rattlesnake Basics.
(原始内容存档于2018-04-29). Rattlesnake Basics.
6 Fangs and Venom.
六方并阴.
10 Symptoms and Treatment.
10 症状和治疗。
12 Rattlesnake First Aid.
(原始内容存档于2019-10-12). Rattlesnake First Aid.
16 Conclusion.
16 结论。
17 Rattlesnake Safety Tips.
(原始内容存档于2018-10-21). Rattlesnake Security Tips.
18 If you see a rattlesnake.
第 18 条 如果你看到响尾蛇。
19 Glossary.
19 词汇表。
20 Introduction In 1951, nine-year-old Jennifer Owings was riding her horse in the hills near the New Mexico ranch where she lived.
20 导言 1951年,9岁的Jennifer Academys正在她所住的新墨西哥牧场附近的山上骑马.
She got off her horse to explore a possible new path to the top of a sandstone ridge.
她下马去探索通往砂岩山脊顶部的可能的新路径.
Climbing up a cliff face, she reached above her and grabbed hold of a ledge.
她爬上一面悬崖 就爬到她上方 抓住了一根窗帘
ZAP!
扎普! 扎普! ZAP!
Suddenly she felt a screaming pain on the side of her hand.
突然她感到手边的尖叫痛苦
A rattlesnake had struck Jennifer.
响尾蛇袭击了珍妮弗
Jennifer was a twenty-minute horseback ride from her house when the rattlesnake struck her.
詹妮弗在响尾蛇袭击她时 从她家骑了20分钟的马
Halfway home, she became dizzy and sick to her stomach.
半程回家,她变得头晕而生病到肚子.
She grew frightened of dying before getting home, but she made it.
在回家前她开始害怕死亡,但是她做到了.
The ranch foreman took Jennifer to the nearest emergency room.
牧场工头带珍妮薇去最近的急诊室.
Doctors told them that the hospital had run out of its medicine to treat rattlesnake strikes.
医生告诉他们,医院用光了治疗响尾蛇袭击的药。
Jennifer was unconscious for most of three days and had severe symptoms, but she survived.
珍妮薇昏迷了三天,并有严重的症状,但她活了下来.
Today, Jennifer hardly has a scar from her rattlesnake strike.
今天 Jennifer几乎没留下响尾蛇的伤疤
She is one of the lucky ones.
她是一个幸运的。
What happens when a rattlesnake strikes a person?
当响尾蛇袭击一个人时会怎样?
What medical treatments do snakebite victims receive?
蛇咬受害者得到什么治疗?
What can you do to avoid being struck?
你能做什么来避免被击中?
Answer these questions as you learn about rattlesnakes and the deadly strikes they can deliver.
在你了解响尾蛇 以及它们能带来的致命打击时 回答这些问题
Jennifer was struck by a prairie rattlesnake.
珍妮薇被大草原的响尾蛇击中了
Rattlesnake Basics Scientists have identified thirty-one species of rattlesnakes.
响尾蛇的"基础"科学家确定了31个响尾蛇物种
Rattlers, as the snakes are commonly known, live in most of the United States, Mexico, and Central and South America.
拉特勒人作为蛇的通称,生活在美国,墨西哥,中美洲和南美洲的大部分地区.
They also live in southern Canada.
他们也生活在加拿大南部.
They can be found in deserts, swamps, forests, prairies, and mountains.
分布于沙漠,沼泽地,森林,草原等地,多栖息于山地.
Rattlesnakes are most common in dry parts of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
美国西南部和墨西哥北部的干燥地段最常有鼠疫.
Rattlesnakes have a bad reputation because of their danger to people.
老鼠的名声不好 因为他们对人有危险
But let’s take a moment to think about rattlers apart from humans.
但让我们花点时间去考虑除人类之外的响尾蛇。
These amazing creatures are among nature’s most efficient hunters.
这些惊人的生物是大自然最有效的猎人。
They hunt small animals by surprising them or catching them in their burrows.
它们捕食小动物,通过出其不意或捕捉到它们的地窖.
Rattlesnakes can find prey even in total darkness.
即使是在黑暗中 老鼠也可以找到猎物
They mostly use their sense of smell and sense of heat.
它们大多使用它们的嗅觉和发热感.
Special areas on their face can sense heat.
他们脸上的特殊区域能感觉到热.
Even if their prey is completely still, a rattlesnake can sense it by the heat its body gives off.
即使它们的猎物完全静止了 响尾蛇也能通过它的发热感知到它
Rattlesnakes can also smell prey with their tongue, which sends the smells to a special sense organ in their head.
老鼠的舌头也能闻到猎物的味道,这把气味寄给脑中的特殊感官器官.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Rattlesnakes use their jaws to “hear.”
Rattlesnaks用下巴来“聆听”。
With their jaws resting on the ground, they can pick up vibrations made by other animals—including people—nearby.
他们的下巴被放倒在地上,可以捡起附近其他动物(包括人)所制造的振动.
Rattlesnakes are not nasty animals that go out of their way to hurt people.
野鼠不是伤害人的下流动物
They don’t want to meet up with you any more than you want to meet up with them.
他们不想和你们见面,
But they know how to defend themselves if they think they’re in danger.
他们知道如何自卫,
They shake the rattle on their tail as a warning to people and other animals to stay away.
他们摇起尾巴上的响尾蛇来警告人们和其他动物远离.
If their warning is not heeded, they strike.
如果他们的警告不听从,他们就加以袭击。
Most people who are struck by a rattlesnake don’t die.
大部分被响尾蛇袭击的人不会死。
However, they suffer terrible pain, and some, like Jennifer, need skin grafts or even more extreme medical treatments.
然而,他们遭受了可怕的痛苦,一些像珍妮弗一样的人需要皮肤移植或者甚至更极端的治疗.
Snakebite victims may end up with bad scars or other permanent body damage.
被蛇咬的受害人最后可能会有坏伤疤或其他永久性的身体损伤.
It’s a Fact!
这是事实!
You can’t count on a rattling noise as a warning.
无法将喧闹作为警告。
Rattlesnakes don’t always rattle before they strike.
捕鼠者在攻击前并不总会惊慌失措。
Sometimes they rattle after they strike.
有时他们攻击后会发作
In Jennifer’s case, the buzzing noise and the strike seemed to happen at the same time.
在Jennifer一案中,噪音和罢工似乎同时发生。
Rattlesnakes, like all reptiles, are cold- blooded—their body temperature rises and falls with the temperature around them.
与所有爬行动物一样,老鼠的体温会随周围的温度而上升并下降。
If they are too cold, they move to a sunny spot.
如果它们太冷,它们会移动到阳光的地步。
If they are too warm, they move under a rock or to an underground den.
如果它们太暖和,它们会移动到岩石下或地下洞穴.
If you’re outside on a hot day in rattlesnake country, you can bet that rattlers will be resting in the shade under rocks, bushes, or cacti.
如果你在响尾蛇之地的炎热日出门,
Or imagine you’re climbing a steep trail on a cool morning, and you grab hold of a rock above you to pull yourself up.
或者想象一下你在清凉的早晨攀登了一条陡峭的路,你抓住了你的上方的一块岩石来拉起自己.
If you can’t see the top of the rock, you might startle a rattlesnake that’s warming itself in the sun.
如果你看不到岩石的顶部, 你可能会惊起一股响尾蛇,
Jennifer learned that the hard way.
詹妮弗学会了这困难的方法。
Knowing about the habits of rattlesnakes can help keep you safe.
了解响尾蛇的习惯 有助于保护你的安全
Fangs and Venom Rattlesnakes have two long, hollow fangs that they use to inject venom into their prey.
方形和风能 老鼠有两只长而空的尖牙 它们用来向猎物注射毒液
The venom travels to the fangs from glands in the rattler’s head.
毒液从响尾蛇头部的腺体传到尖牙上。
Muscles squeeze the glands, forcing venom to travel quickly to the fangs and into the victim.
肌肉会挤出腺体,迫使毒液快速地去到尖牙并进入被害者.
Fangs are folded when a rattlesnake’s mouth is closed.
当响尾蛇闭上嘴时,
A rattler extends its fangs and spreads them before striking.
响尾蛇会伸出它的尖牙,在震动前会传播它们。
The fangs break the skin of the prey.
尖牙打碎了猎物的皮肤.
Then the rattlesnake sinks the fangs into flesh and injects venom before quickly pulling back its head.
然后响尾蛇会把尖牙沉入肉中并注入毒液,然后迅速拉回头部.
The deeper the fangs sink, the greater the chance that the venom will kill the prey.
尖牙下沉越深,毒液杀死猎物的机会就越大.
Word Wise Rattlesnakes are correctly called venomous—not poisonous—animals.
Wise Ratlesnakes一词被正确地称为毒虫,而不是有毒的动物。
The word venom refers to something harmful that an animal injects into the bloodstream of its victim.
毒液一词指动物向被害者的血液中注入有害的东西.
The word poison usually refers to something that is harmful when swallowed, breathed, or touched.
毒药一词通常指吞咽,呼吸,或被触碰时有害的东西.
Rattlesnakes have extra fangs tucked inside their upper jaw.
老鼠的上下巴内有多出一副尖牙
If a fang breaks, a new one drops down.
如果一扇牙断了,一个新的就掉下来了.
Rattlesnakes also shed their fangs several times each year.
老鼠还每年出出出数个尖牙.
Nature has made sure they have extras because rattlers cannot survive without their fangs.
大自然已经确保了他们有额外的, 因为响尾蛇没有了它们的尖牙就无法活下来。
Rattlesnakes are born live, not hatched from eggs like most other snakes.
老鼠是活生生的,不像其他大多数蛇一样由卵孵出.
A newborn rattler has no rattle to shake as a warning, but it can still inject venom.
新生的响尾蛇没有响尾蛇作为警告摇晃,但仍能注入毒液.
Every rattlesnake strike can be deadly, no matter how young or small the snake is.
每次响尾蛇袭击都可能致命 无论蛇有多小
Venom causes three types of damage.
阴道能起三种相克.
It travels through the bloodstream, destroying red blood cells and keeping blood from clotting.
它穿行于血液中,摧毁了红血球并避免出血凝血.
It also paralyzes muscles, including the heart and others that control limbs and breathing.
它还会麻痹肌肉,包括控制四肢和呼吸的心脏等.
Venom also attacks cells directly, breaking down organs and tissues.
病毒还直接攻击细胞,分解出器官和组织.
An adult Eastern diamondback rattlesnake can have fangs up to 27 millimeters (1 in) in length.
成年的东方菱背响尾蛇可以有可长达27毫米(1英寸)的长牙.
Symptoms and Treatment How do you know if a rattlesnake has struck you?
症状和治疗 你怎么知道响尾蛇撞到你了?
Of course, you know if you see it or hear its rattle.
当然,你知道,如果你看到它 或者听到它的响起。
But some people never see or hear the snake, and others are too young to tell anyone what happened to them.
但有些人从未见过或听到过蛇声,而另一些人还太年轻,无法告诉任何人他们遭遇了什么.
You might expect that a rattlesnake strike would leave a pair of marks.
你可能会想到响尾蛇会留下一对痕迹
But a rattler can strike even if it has lost one of its fangs, so it might leave just one mark.
但响尾蛇即使失去了一扇尖牙 也能击出击出击出击出击出击出击
It’s not always easy to tell if a wound is from a rattlesnake strike because a person’s symptoms develop over many hours.
因为一个人的症状会持续许多小时。
Doctors first try to rule out other things, such as bee stings and spider bites.
医生首先试图排除其他事物,如蜜蜂刺和蜘蛛咬.
If you look closely, you can see the marks from a rattler’s fangs on this person’s foot.
如果你仔细看,你可以看到这个人的脚上从响尾蛇的尖牙上留下的痕迹。
Redness, swelling, and severe pain are common symptoms of a rattlesnake strike.
红肿和剧烈疼痛是响尾蛇袭击的常见症状.
Bruising may spread from the area of the strike.
布鲁斯可能从罢工地区蔓延.
People may feel weak or go into shock.
人们可能感到软弱或受到惊吓。
But not every victim has the same symptoms.
但并不是每个受害者都有同样的症状。
Some may have blurry vision and feel sick to their stomach or faint.
有些人可能视力模糊,感到胃不舒服或晕倒.
Before the late 1990s, only about half of rattlesnake victims were given antivenin— the medicine for treating rattlesnake strikes.
在20世纪90年代后期之前,只有大约一半的响尾蛇受害者获得了抗毒剂——治疗响尾蛇的药物。
A person’s reaction to the antivenin could be extreme and might put his or her life in danger.
一个人对抗病毒药物的反应可能是极端的,可能会危及他或她的生命。
Doctors now have a safer type of antivenin, so it can be used more often.
医生现在有更安全的抗病毒药物,因此可以更频繁地使用.
Math Minute Rattlesnake antivenin (also called antivenom) is very expensive, costing about $3,000 per vial.
Mathminute Ratlesnake 抗毒素(也叫抗毒素)非常昂贵,每瓶耗资约3000美元.
People often receive 20 to 30 vials.
人们经常得到20到30个瓶子.
One 78-year- old person was in the hospital for two days and received 20 vials of antivenin.
1名78岁老人在医院呆了2天,得到20瓶抗病毒药.
Along with the other hospital expenses, her bill totaled $132,000.
连同其他医院费用,她的账单总计为132 000美元。
How much did she spend on antivenin?
她花了多少钱买抗病毒药?
How much did the rest of her hospital expenses cost?
她剩下的医院费用是多少?
With no antivenin, Jennifer was unconscious for most of three days.
由于没有抗病毒素,珍妮薇昏迷了三天多时间.
When she was conscious, she felt a terrible burning pain that wouldn’t stop.
她觉悟后,
The side of her body that was struck by the rattlesnake was very swollen and bruised.
她身体被响尾蛇击中的一面非常肿胀和瘀伤.
The skin was so tight from the swelling that she thought it might burst.
皮肤因肿胀而紧紧,她认为可能破裂.
For some people, the swelling gets so bad that they have to have surgery to reduce the pressure.
对于有些人来说,肿胀会变得非常严重,以至于他们必须进行手术来降低压力.
About one-fourth of people need other surgery to clean out dead tissue that was destroyed by the venom.
大约四分之一的人需要其他手术来清除被毒液所摧毁的已死亡组织.
Skin can look shiny when a great deal of swelling is present.
当大量肿胀出现时,皮肤会发光.
Jennifer rested for months when she was finally able to go home.
珍妮薇休息了几个月 终于能回家了
Three weeks after her rattlesnake strike, most of her symptoms had become less severe.
在她的响尾蛇袭击三周后 她的大部分症状都变得不那么严重了
Her hand and arm were still swollen and had dark, peeling skin.
她的手和手臂仍然肿胀,皮肤又黑又剥.
After she healed more, she had three skin grafts to close the wound.
在她痊愈多后,她有三道皮肤分泌来关闭伤口.
Some snakebite victims also need other surgeries to get blood flowing again in the area of the strike.
一些被蛇咬的受害者还需要做其他手术,才能在罢工地区再流出血液.
About one-quarter never regain the full use of the damaged body part.
大约四分之一的人从未重新充分利用被损坏的身体部分.
Sadly, sometimes tissue damage is so bad that a body part must be removed.
可悲的是,有时组织损伤非常严重,以至于一个身体部位必须被取出.
This scar is the result of thirteen surgeries after a rattlesnake strike.
这个伤疤是响尾蛇出击后13次手术的结果.
DO: • Get away from the rattlesnake.
• 远离响尾蛇。
• Call 9-1-1.
• 拨打9-1-1。
become tight when the affected area swells.
当灾区膨胀时变得很紧.
venom from circulating to the rest of the body.
从通通通通通通通通通通通通通通通通通通通通通通通通通通通通通通通.
lower than the heart.
比起心来
• Wash the wound with soap and water, if possible.
• 支助 如果可能的话,用肥皂和水来清洗伤口.
too much.
太过分了
• Get the victim to a hospital as quickly as possible.
• 支助 尽快把受害者送到医院
DON’T: • Don’t cut the wound.
不要:不要割伤。
• Don’t try to suck out the venom with your mouth.
• 支助 不要试图用口吸出毒液。
It hardly ever helps, and if you have a sore in your mouth, venom can get in your bloodstream.
它没有什么帮助, 如果你有一个疼痛在你的嘴, 毒液可以进入你的血液。
• Don’t put ice or anything else cold on the wound.
• 支助 不要把冰块或其他冰块放在伤口上。
It will make the injury worse.
这会让伤势恶化
Conclusion Rattlesnakes are part of the web of life and an important link in many food chains.
瑞特尔斯纳克是生命网的一部分,也是许多食物链中的重要环节.
Without rattlesnakes, the numbers of mice and other small animals would become too large, and nature’s balance would be upset.
没有响尾蛇,小鼠和其他小动物的数量就会变得太多,大自然的平衡也会受到影响。
Like all other living things, rattlesnakes have a right to live.
和所有其他活物一样,响尾蛇也有生存的权利.
Although they can be frightening, rattlesnakes are only a danger to people who startle or threaten them.
虽然它们可能令人恐惧,但响尾蛇只是对惊吓或威胁它们的人的一种危险。
When you are in rattlesnake country, respect the creatures that live there.
当你在响尾蛇之地时 尊重住在那里的生物
It’s not much different from respecting the rules when you visit a friend’s home.
这与你访问朋友家时遵守规则并无多大区别。
Keep your eyes open for rattlesnakes, think about their habits, and you will be safe.
睁开眼睛看响尾蛇 想想他们的习惯 你会安全的
To avoid rattlesnakes.
避免响尾蛇。
of their body and can grow to be 1.
他们的身体,可以成长为一。
8 meters (6 ft) long.
8米(6英尺)长.
• Rattlesnakes can be active at any time of the day or night.
• 支助 哨兵可以随时在白天或夜晚活动.
Be alert at all times.
随时保持警惕
be hiding.
躲起来
can’t see.
无法看见。
rattlesnake country.
响尾蛇之地
Stay out of tall grass if you can.
若能出高地草地来.
• Don’t run ahead of family members or friends on trails.
• 支助 不要在追随者的家属或朋友面前奔跑。
If you are with a younger child, be sure he or she stays close to an adult.
如果你和孩子在一起,请确保他或她与成年人保持距离。
to hunt there.
在那里打猎。
• Never get closer to a snake to find out if it’s a rattler.
• 支助 永远不要靠近一条蛇,
Think About It Some people are accidentally struck by rattlers, but most people who get struck made bad choices.
考虑 一些人意外地被响尾蛇所打,但大多数被打的人做出了错误的选择.
They thought it would be “cool” to get close to a rattlesnake or see it excited and rattling.
他们认为接近响尾蛇或看到它兴奋而发作是“酷”。
Some even thought that picking up a rattlesnake would be a test of courage.
有人甚至认为拿起响尾蛇 是对勇气的考验
These people ended up with severe pain, permanent scars, and huge hospital bills.
这些人最后遭受了剧烈的疼痛,永久的伤疤和巨大的医院账单.
• If you suddenly see a rattlesnake close to you, FREEZE.
• 支助 如果你突然看见靠近你的响尾蛇,FREEZE
Then walk backward very, very slowly.
然后慢慢地往后走
A rattler might think it’s in danger if you move suddenly.
若你突然行动,
(Be sure not to back into another snake!)
(确定不要回到另一个蛇! )
or trapped.
或被困住。 或被困住。
If you do, it might strike in self-defense.
如果你这样做,它可能会 攻击自卫。
get excited and turn on you.
兴奋起来,然后对上你。
be playing dead.
装死
If you see a rattlesnake.
如果你看到响尾蛇。
Glossary antivenin (n.)
抗venin词汇表 (n.)
a kind of medicine used to stop the damage from a venom (p.
一种用来阻止毒液损害的药物(p.
13) bruising (n.)
13) 瘀伤 (n.
the condition of having black-and- blue areas on the body (p.
体内有黑-蓝色区域的条件(p.
13) clotting (n.)
13) 凝块 (n.
the condition of sticking together to stop bleeding (p.
(第2页)
11) heeded (v.)
11) 受到重视(五.
paid attention to (p.
注意事项(第5页)
8) injects (v.)
8) 注射剂(五.
forces something into an animal’s body with a needle or fangs (p.
用针头或尖牙将某种东西逼入动物体内(p.
10) paralyzes (v.)
10) 麻痹 (五.
causes a body part to become unable to move (p.
造成身体部分无法移动(p.
11) prey (n.)
11) 猎物 (n.
animals that other animals eat as food (p.
其他动物作为食物食用的动物(p.
7) rule out (v.)
7)排除(五.
to get rid of as a possibility (p.
作为可能性(p.
12) shock (n.)
12) 冲击 (n.
a medical condition that may result from severe injury (p.
a 可能由重伤所导致之病症(p.
13) skin grafts (n.)
13) 外皮分泌 (n.
transfers of skin patches from one body part to another (p.
皮肤补丁从一个身体部分转移到另一个身体部分(p.
8) species (n.)
8)物种 (n.
groups of related living things with traits that distinguish them from other groups of living things; members of the same species can breed with each other (p.
有区别于其他活物组的相关活物组群(p.
6) symptoms (n.)
6)症状 (n.
specific signs of illness or injury (p.
病或伤的具体征兆(p.
(adj.)
(中文(简体) ).