Penguins
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents No Ordinary Bird.
内容表 无普通鸟.
4 Where Penguins Live.
4 企鹅住的地方。
5 Penguin Bodies.
5个企鹅尸体。
7 Penguin Parents and Chicks.
七只企鹅父母和小鸡
12 Hunters and Hunted.
12个猎人和被猎人。
15 Penguins and People.
15个企鹅和人
17 Glossary.
17 词汇表。
20 Index.
20 指数。
20 No Ordinary Bird What type of bird cannot fly and has strong flippers instead of wings?
20 无普通鸟类 什么样的鸟不能飞 有很强的飞盘而不是翅膀?
What type of bird spends its whole life swimming or walking?
什么样的鸟会一辈子游泳或走路?
It’s no ordinary bird, that’s for sure—it’s a penguin!
这不是普通的鸟,
Penguins are amusing to watch.
企鹅是有趣的观看。
Their dark backs and white bellies make them look as if they are dressed up for a fancy party.
他们的黑后背和白色的腹部让他们看起来像是穿着去参加一个花哨的派对.
On land, most are clumsy and walk with a strange waddle.
在陆地上,大多数人笨手笨脚地走来走去。
But in water, they are swift and graceful.
但在水中,他们是迅速而优雅的。
The movie March of the Penguins sparked great interest in emperor penguins.
电影"企鹅之行"引发了皇帝企鹅的极大兴趣.
There are also sixteen other types of penguins.
还有16种其他类型的企鹅.
Read on to learn more about these amazing birds.
阅读更多关于这些神奇的鸟类。
Where do you think these gentoo penguins are going?
你觉得这些绅士企鹅要去哪儿?
Where Penguins Live All penguins live in the southern hemisphere.
企鹅住的地方 所有企鹅都生活在南半球.
Many live in places with very cold weather.
许多人生活在天气非常寒冷的地方。
Four species of penguins live on the ice around Antarctica—the coldest place on Earth.
四个企鹅物种生活在南极洲周围的冰上——是地球上最冷的地方.
Another three species live on islands near Antarctica.
另有3个物种生活在南极洲附近的岛屿上.
But not all penguins live in cold, harsh places.
但并非所有企鹅都生活在寒冷,严酷的地方.
The little blue penguin lives along the coasts of Australia and New Zealand, where forests, not ice fields, border the ocean.
小蓝企鹅生活在澳大利亚和新西兰海岸一带,那里的森林,不是冰地,与海洋相接壤.
And the Galapagos penguin lives off the west coast of South America near Ecuador, which lies on the equator!
加拉帕戈斯企鹅生活在南美洲西海岸靠近赤道的厄瓜多尔附近!
Some king penguins live near sheep herds on the Falkland Islands.
一些王企鹅住在福克兰群岛的羊群附近.
Imagine you are in a spaceship high above Antarctica.
想象你在南极上空的太空船里
From that height, you can see the southern areas of Africa, Australia, and South America.
从这个高度,可以看到非洲,澳大利亚和南美洲的南部地区.
The large “Where Penguins Live” map, from that same view, shows where most species of penguins live.
从同样的观点来看,大型的“企鹅生活的地方”地图显示了大多数企鹅的居住地点。
The small maps show where Galapagos penguins live.
小地图显示加拉帕戈斯企鹅的住地.
Penguin Bodies Unlike most birds, penguins spend most of their lives in the ocean.
企鹅身体 与大多数鸟类不同的是,企鹅的大部分生命都花在了海洋上.
Their streamlined bodies and webbed feet help them move through the water with ease.
他们被精简后的身体和被子脚帮助他们轻松地从水中行走.
Some penguins can swim as fast as 40 kilometers per hour (25 mph) for short distances.
有些企鹅可以游得快到每小时40公里(25 mph)以短距离.
Instead of wings with long feathers, penguins have powerful flippers similar to those of seals, dolphins, and sea turtles.
企鹅不是有长羽的翅膀,而是有与海豹,海豚,海龟相类似的强力翻转.
Penguins use their flippers like boat oars to push water and move forward.
企鹅会用船桨等翻船来推水并前进.
They steer with their feet and tails.
他们用脚和尾巴来驾驶.
This king penguin uses its flippers to zoom through the water.
这只企鹅用它的翻转器放大了水面
Penguins have two layers of feathers—a stiff outer layer and a soft layer underneath.
企鹅有两层羽毛——一个坚硬的外层和下面的软层.
Their small, stiff outer feathers are packed closely together.
它们小而坚硬的外生羽被紧密地包裹在一起.
Penguins rub their beaks on oil glands at the base of their tails and spread the oil on their outer feathers.
企鹅在尾巴基部的油腺上涂上喙并用外出羽毛将油撒出.
Their oily coats keep out water and keep in heat.
其取油之衣出出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取取出取出取出取出取出取取取取出取出取出取出取取取出取出取取取出取出取出取出取出取出取取取取出取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取
Underneath penguins’ outer feathers is a layer of down—warm, fluffy feathers that hold warm air close to the body.
企鹅的外出羽毛是一层下行的 -- -- 温暖而蓬松的羽毛,在身体附近保持温暖的空气。
A thick layer of fat adds another layer of insulation.
一层厚厚的脂肪增加了另一层绝缘.
If a penguin gets too hot, it fluffs up its feathers to let body heat escape.
如果企鹅太热,它会羽毛飞起,让身体发热逃出.
It may eat snow to cool off, too.
它可能吃雪来冷却,太。
Eating snow also helps a penguin get enough water in its body.
吃雪也会帮助企鹅体内取出足够的水.
Most penguins molt, or replace old feathers with new ones, once each year.
大多数企鹅会变软,或者用新的羽毛来取而代之,每年一次.
Around age two, young penguins grow their adult feathers.
二岁左右,幼企鹅会长出成年羽毛.
Penguins are awkward on land.
企鹅在陆地上很尴尬
Because their legs attach far back on their bodies, it is difficult for them to walk smoothly.
因为他们的腿背上很深,所以很难顺利地行走。
But penguins often must travel on land for long distances.
但企鹅往往必须远行于陆地上.
When they get tired of walking, they slide on their stomachs.
当他们厌倦行走时,会滑倒在胃上.
This way of moving is called tobogganing.
这种移动方式被称作"多博干".
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Why don’t penguins’ feet freeze when they walk on ice?
企鹅在冰上行走时,
Warm blood keeps penguins’ feet from freezing.
温暖的血液让企鹅的脚不冻.
Fat and feathers keep penguins’ core body temperature high, even when their feet are only a few degrees above freezing.
脂肪和羽毛使企鹅的核心体温居高不下,即使它们的脚也仅比冰冻多出几度.
As warm blood flows to their feet, it passes very close to cold blood that is flowing from the feet back to the heart.
当温暖的血液流到他们的脚上时,它通过非常接近从脚回心的冷血.
As it flows by, the warm blood heats the cold blood so that it doesn’t lower the penguins’ core temperature to a dangerous level.
温暖的血液让冷血发热,
Tobogganing is much faster than walking.
托博干宁比走得快得多.
Toboggan tracks black-footed (African) 68 cm (27 in.)
托博干追踪黑脚(非洲)68厘米(27英寸.
AFR Galapagos 49 cm (19 in.)
AFR 加拉帕戈斯49厘米(19 in.
GI Humboldt 70 cm (28 in.)
GI洪堡70厘米(28英寸).
SAM Magellanic 70 cm (28 in.)
SAM麦哲伦70厘米(28英寸).
SAM BANDED PENGUINS Black stripes on upper chest erect-crested 67 cm (26 in.)
萨姆·班德·平盖斯 胸口上部的黑色条纹被竖起67厘米(26英寸).
ANZ fiordland 55 cm (22 in.)
ANZ花地55厘米(22英寸).
ANZ macaroni 70 cm (28 in.)
ANZ通心粉70厘米(28英寸).
NANT rockhopper 52 cm (20 in.)
NANT 摇滚乐52 cm (20 in.)
NANT royal 70 cm (28 in.)
NANT皇家70厘米(28英寸).
ANZ Snares Island 50 cm (19 in.)
ANZ Snares岛 50 cm (19 in.).
ANZ CRESTED PENGUINS Yellow or orange feathers on head little blue (fairy) 43 cm (17 in.)
澳洲重罚 头部有黄色或橙色的羽毛小蓝(仙花)43cm(17 in.
ANZ yellow-eyed 55 cm (22 in.)
ANZ黄眼55厘米(22英寸).
ANZ OTHER PENGUINS Different from all other penguins emperor 120 cm (4 ft.)
澳大利亚其他货币 不同于所有其他企鹅皇帝120cm (4英尺)
ANT king 90 cm (3 ft.)
ANT K 90 cm (3英尺) 长 :
NANT GIANT PENGUINS The largest penguins Adelie 70 cm (28 in.)
南瓜笔 最大的企鹅Adelie 70 cm (28 in.)
ANT chinstrap 74 cm (29 in.)
ANT下巴拉拉长74厘米(29英寸)
ANT gentoo 80 cm (31 in.)
ANT gentoo 80 cm (31 in.) (英语).
ANT BRUSH-TAILED PENGUINS Long tails Name Size Home KEY ANT = Antarctica NANT = Near Antarctica GI = Galapagos Islands AFR = South Africa ANZ = Australia and/or New Zealand SAM = Southern South America Types of Scientists place penguins in different groups based on their feathers and markings.
ANT BUSH-TAID PENGUINS (英语). 长尾 命名大小 Home nuclear ANT = 南极洲 NANT = 靠近南极洲 GI = 加拉帕戈斯群岛 AFR = 南非 ANZ = 澳大利亚和/或新西兰 SAM = 南美洲南部 各类科学家根据羽毛和标志将企鹅归入不同的群体.
Wowser!
哗!
The smallest penguin is the little blue penguin.
最小的企鹅是小蓝企鹅.
It is about the size of a large duck.
差不多是一只大鸭子的大小
The largest penguin is the emperor penguin.
最大的企鹅是皇帝企鹅.
It is about the same height and weight as an average third grader!
身高和体重都跟三年级学生差不多
Penguin Parents and Chicks Spring comes in late September south of the equator.
企鹅父母和小鸡之春于9月下旬来至赤道以南.
This is when most penguins move onto land to start families.
这时大多数企鹅都搬到了陆地上 开始组建家庭。
They build nests in huge nesting areas called rookeries.
它们在被称作"游巢"的大筑巢地上筑巢.
Depending on the species of penguin, the rookery may be on snowy ice, a rocky cliff, or a hillside.
根据企鹅的物种不同,"克克"可能位于多雪的冰上,多岩石的悬崖上,或山坡上.
A group of penguins that nests together is called a colony.
一群一起筑巢的企鹅被称为殖民地.
A colony may contain hundreds or even thousands of one species of penguin.
一个殖民地可能包含数百个或甚至上千个企鹅物种.
They make noises—grunts, croaks, hisses, and trumpeting sounds— as well as movements such as stretching, bowing, and pointing their beaks toward the sky.
他们发出叫声、叫声、号角、号角等声音,以及伸展、鞠躬、指向天空等动作。
A penguin colony is very loud (and dirty!)
企鹅聚居地非常响亮(又脏!
, with lots of activity.
有很多活动
A penguin rookery is a busy, crowded place.
企鹅游乐园是一个繁忙而拥挤的地方。
All these noises and movements help penguins pick mates.
所有这些噪音和运动都帮助企鹅选配.
Each pair builds a nest together using grass, moss, feathers, or pebbles.
每对用花草,苔藓,羽毛或卵石相接而成一窝.
Emperor and king penguins use their feet as a nest, cradling the egg on top of their feet.
皇帝和皇帝企鹅以脚为巢地,将卵子放在脚上.
Eggs must stay warm or they won’t hatch.
鸡蛋必须保持温暖,
The smaller Antarctic penguins sit on their eggs for about five weeks.
较小的南极企鹅在蛋上坐了大约五个星期.
The eggs of emperor and king penguins take about eight weeks to hatch.
皇帝和王企鹅的卵需要大约8周的时间孵出.
During that time, a parent’s body keeps the egg warm.
在此期间,父母的身体保持卵子的温暖。
King parents take turns egg- sitting, but an emperor father cares for the egg while the mother leaves to get food.
国王的父母轮流取蛋 -- 坐着, 但皇帝的父亲关心鸡蛋 而母亲离开去取食物。
He may go without food for four months before his mate returns to care for the hatched chick.
他可能四个月没吃东西了 在他的伴侣回来照顾小鸡之前
During this time, he and other male emperor penguins face some of the harshest weather on Earth.
在此期间,他和其他男性皇帝企鹅面临着一些地球上最恶劣的天气.
A flap of skin on this king penguin’s body keeps its egg warm.
这只企鹅身上的一副花皮 让蛋保持温暖
Penguin chicks are covered with down when they hatch.
企鹅雏鸟孵出后会被覆盖
They cannot swim until they grow waterproof feathers, so they must stay on land.
它们不能游泳,直到生长出防水羽毛,所以它们必须留在陆地上.
Since there is no penguin food on land, one parent cares for the chick while the other parent goes to the ocean to eat.
由于陆地上没有企鹅食物,父母一方关心小鸡而另一方则去大海取食.
That parent brings back food for the chick.
那个父母给小鸡带回了食物
As a chick grows, it leaves its nest and lives in a group with other chicks.
随着雏鸟的生长,它会离开它的巢并与其他雏鸟一起生活在一个群体中.
They crowd together to stay warm, and their parents bring them food.
他们聚集在一起保持温暖,父母带给他们食物.
Chicks recognize their parent’s voice.
小鸡认得父母的声音。
Even with thousands of penguins in the colony and all the noise they produce, each chick knows the sound of its own parent’s call, and they will find each other.
即使殖民地里有上千只企鹅和它们产生的噪音,每个小鸡都知道自己父母的呼声,它们也会找到对方。
When chicks grow their adult feathers, they are ready to go to sea and hunt their own food.
当雏鸟长出成年的羽毛时,它们准备出海去猎取自己的食物.
They eat well and grow quickly.
它们吃得很好,生长很快.
Penguins between the ages of two and eight have chicks of their own.
二至八岁的企鹅都有自己的雏鸟.
This gentoo penguin chick eats food brought up from its parent’s stomach.
这只企鹅小鸡吃着父母肚子里养出的食物。
Hunters and Hunted Penguins are meat eaters, and their diet includes fish, squid, crab, and other ocean animals.
猎人和被猎取的企鹅是吃肉的,他们的饮食包括鱼,鱿鱼,螃蟹等海洋动物.
Among their favorite foods are tiny animals called krill, which are related to shrimp.
他们最喜爱的食物有叫磷虾的细小动物,它们与虾类有关.
The largest penguins—emperors and kings— mostly eat fish and squid, which are more filling than krill.
最大的企鹅——企鹅和国王——主要吃鱼和鱿鱼,它们比磷虾填充多。
Most penguins find their food near the ocean’s surface, but larger penguins may dive deep in the ocean to find food.
大多数企鹅在海平面附近找到食物,但较大的企鹅可能潜入海洋深处寻找食物.
Like other birds, penguins have no teeth.
和其他鸟类一样,企鹅没有牙齿.
Some seabirds, including penguins, have a fringe of spines inside their mouths.
有些海鸟,包括企鹅, 嘴里有脊椎。
The spines help penguins hold onto slippery food that might be trying to escape.
脊椎可以帮助企鹅抓住可能试图逃跑的滑行食物.
You can see the spines along the sides of this rockhopper penguin’s mouth.
你可以看到岩手企鹅嘴边的脊椎。
Penguins are hunted by sharks and orcas, but their worst enemies are leopard seals, which can swim very fast.
企鹅被鲨鱼和虎鲸所猎取,但其最坏的敌人是豹斑海豹,可以游得非常快.
To escape, penguins must get out of the water quickly.
要逃跑,企鹅必须迅速出水.
They gain speed by swimming deep; then they paddle very fast, shooting up onto land as if they’ve been shot from a cannon.
他们通过游入深处获得速度, 然后划得非常快,
Safe on land, adult penguins have few enemies, so they don’t need to fly to escape.
成年企鹅在陆地上很安全,
Antarctic penguins must keep their chicks safe from other birds.
南极企鹅必须让雏鸟远离其他鸟类.
Smaller birds will eat penguin eggs, and larger seabirds may eat the eggs and attack the chicks.
更小的鸟会吃企鹅蛋,而更大的海鸟可能会吃蛋并攻击雏鸟.
But no birds hunt healthy adult penguins.
但是没有鸟类猎取健康的成年企鹅.
Penguins are the main source of food for leopard seals.
企鹅是豹斑海豹的主要食物来源.
Penguins and People Because penguins can’t fly, they have no way to escape people who hunt them.
企鹅与人因为企鹅无法飞行,
Long ago, sailors hunted penguins for food, and the practice continues in some areas.
很久以前,水手就猎取了企鹅来取食,而这种做法在一些地区仍在继续.
Penguins are also killed and used for fishing bait.
企鹅也被杀死并被用做钓饵.
Huge numbers of penguins gather to breed in certain areas, and they need a plentiful food supply.
大量的企鹅聚集在某些地区繁殖,它们需要充足的食物供应.
Penguins compete for ocean food with people who conduct large fishing operations in many of the same areas.
企鹅与在许多相同地区进行大型捕鱼作业的人争夺海洋食物.
Without a dependable food source, fewer adult penguins survive, so fewer chicks survive.
没有可靠的食物来源,活下来的成年企鹅较少,所以活下来的雏鸟也较少.
Penguins also get tangled in fishing nets and die.
企鹅也会被鱼网缠住而死.
Conservation groups are working to convince large fishing companies to limit their fishing near penguin rookery sites during the breeding season.
养护小组正在努力说服大型渔业公司在繁殖季节限制在企鹅屠宰场附近捕鱼。
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
The great auk, a flightless penguinlike bird in the northern hemisphere, became extinct in the 1800s because of hunting.
大亚克(英語:Great Auk)是北半球的一种无飞行能力的企鹅类鸟类,于1800年代被打猎而灭绝.
Galapagos penguins fishing Oil pollution is another threat to penguins’ safety.
加拉帕戈斯企鹅 石油污染是对企鹅安全的又一威胁。
Because they spend so much of their time swimming in the water, penguins are at greater risk than most other birds of coming in contact with an oil spill.
因为它们花太多时间在水中游泳,所以企鹅比其他大多数鸟类更可能接触漏油.
They can’t fly above a polluted area to see and avoid it.
他们不能飞过被污染的地区,
When oil from a spill coats birds’ feathers, it prevents their natural insulation from working properly, causing them to quickly get too cold.
当溢出外衣出油会阻止鸟类的自然绝缘性正常工作,导致它们迅速过冷.
Penguins have a thick layer of fat beneath their skin that gives them extra protection against the cold.
企鹅的皮肤下有一层厚厚的脂肪,使其能多加防寒.
When penguins are rescued and cleaned, their fat layer helps them to survive more often than other birds.
当企鹅被救出并被打扫干净后,它们的脂肪层比起其他鸟类帮助它们更频繁地生存.
Still, many more penguins die than can be rescued and cleaned.
然而,更多的企鹅死亡 无法拯救和清理。
This Magellanic penguin is scrubbed clean after an oil spill.
这只麦哲伦企鹅在漏油后被清洗干净.
Global warming is creating new dangers for penguins.
全球变暖给企鹅带来了新的危险。
As the air and water in the Antarctic region warm up, the ice mass shrinks.
随着南极地区的空气和水暖化,冰质量收缩.
Normally, algae build up on the ice in winter.
通常情况下,藻类会在冬季积聚在冰上.
When spring comes, the ice melts and krill eat the algae.
出春来后,冰已融出,克来克来取取取藻.
Less ice means less algae and less food for krill.
少冰指藻类较少而磷虾的食物较少.
With less krill to eat, fewer Antarctic penguins survive.
食用磷虾较少,南极企鹅生存也较少.
Scientists are also studying other ways that global warming is affecting penguins.
科学家也在研究全球变暖影响企鹅的其他方式.
They have seen the numbers of many penguin species drop by nearly half in the past fifty years.
在过去50年中,许多企鹅物种的数量减少了近一半。
The effects of global warming are most easily seen in polar regions.
极地地区最容易看到全球变暖的影响。
Like polar bears in the northern hemisphere, penguins are messengers of a planet in trouble.
和北半球的北极熊一样,企鹅是面临麻烦的星球的使者.
Penguins, like all birds— and all wildlife—need our help to survive.
企鹅,像所有鸟类,所有的野生动物, 需要我们的帮助生存。
Warmer ocean temperatures have caused the food supply of black-footed penguins to move south.
温暖的海洋温度导致黑脚企鹅的食物供应向南移动.
The penguins must swim farther to get food, and fewer survive.
企鹅必须游得更远才能得到食物,生存的也更少.