of Ancient Greece
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Centaurs.
4人马座.
5 Sirens.
5个警报器
7 Medusa.
7 美杜莎语.
9 The Minotaur.
9 弥诺陶洛斯.
11 Typhon.
第11条 泰凤.
13 Conclusion.
13 结论。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Crete Athens Greece MEDITERRANEAN SEA AEGEAN SEA EUROPE AFRICA Ancient Greece AROUND 750 bce ASIA MINOR Delphi Troy Mycenae Sparta Macedonia Introduction People in many cultures have myths.
16 克里特-雅典 希腊 地中海 东南亚 欧洲 古希腊 750 bce ASIA Minior Delphi Troy Mycenae Sparta Macedonia 介绍 许多文化中的人都有神话.
Myths are stories that explain important ideas, such as good and evil, in ways people can understand.
神话是用人们能够理解的方式解释诸如善恶等重要思想的故事.
A myth can be a lesson, a story about history, or a tale about a natural wonder.
一个神话可以是一个教训,一个历史的故事,或者一个自然奇迹的故事.
It can even be a warning.
这甚至可能是一个警告。
In ancient Greece, myths were an important part of religion.
在古希腊,神话是宗教的重要组成部分.
Fantastic creatures often played a central role in Greek myths, along with gods, goddesses, and heroes.
奇妙的生物经常在希腊神话中起中心作用,与神,女神,和英雄一起.
Heracles (HAIR-uh-kleez), a Greek hero, greets Cerberus, the two- or three-headed guardian dog of the underworld on this vase from the fifth century bce.
赫拉克勒斯(希臘語:Hρezρez,希臘語:Hρezρezρezρezρez,希臘語:HAIR-uh-kleez),希腊英雄,向克勒斯(Cerberus)致意,克勒斯是五世纪起这个花瓶上由两头或三头的冥界守护犬.
On this vase, the goddess Athena helps Heracles attack the Hydra, a monster made of many snakes.
在这个花瓶上,女神雅典娜帮助 赫拉克勒斯出击了由多条蛇所制成的怪物"海德拉".
Centaurs Centaurs had the head and chest of a human and the body of a horse.
半人马座拥有人类的头和胸以及一匹马的身体.
Their animal side was more powerful than their human side.
他们的动物方面比人类方面更强大
To the Greeks, the Centaurs were animal- like and driven by their feelings, while the Greeks were civilized.
对希腊人来说,人马座是动物 和他们的感受一样 被他们的感受所驱使 而希腊人是文明的
The story of the Centaurs began with a Greek king named Ixion.
"半人马"的故事从一位名叫"伊克西翁"的希腊国王开始.
Zeus had allowed Ixion to live on Mount Olympus.
宙斯允许伊克西翁住在奥林匹斯山上.
Zeus heard that Ixion had fallen in love with Hera, Zeus’s wife.
宙斯听说伊克西翁爱上了宙斯的妻子赫拉.
As a test for Ixion, Zeus created a cloud that looked like Hera.
作为对伊克西翁的考验,宙斯创造了一出看起来像赫拉的云.
Ixion fell in love with the cloud, thinking it was Hera.
伊克西翁爱上了"云",以为是"赫拉".
The cloud gave birth to the first Centaur.
云何生出初半人马.
Zeus punished Ixion by forcing him to spin on a burning wheel forever.
宙斯被惩罚了 伊克西翁强迫他永远地在燃烧的轮子上旋转.
Ancient Greeks put pictures of battles showing themselves fighting Centaurs on many objects, from drinking cups to stone temples.
古希腊人将战斗的相片放入从饮用杯子到石庙等许多物体上,展示自己与半人马战斗.
The Greeks did not often show current events in their art.
希腊人并不经常在艺术中展现出时事.
Rather, they used pictures of myths to show how they felt about what was going on in the world around them.
相反,他们用神话的相片来展示他们对周围世界的感受。
For example, the Greeks connected one of their greatest enemies, the Persians, with the Centaurs.
例如,希腊人将自己最大的敌人之一波斯人与"半人马"相接.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
The relationship between a guest and his or her host was an important part of ancient Greek culture.
来宾与其宿主的关系是古希腊文化的重要组成部分.
The myth about Ixion and the first Centaur shows the importance of this relationship through Ixion’s disrespect of Zeus, his host.
关于伊克西翁和第一个"半人马"的神话通过伊克西翁对宿主宙斯的不尊重来展现出这种关系的重要性.
Zeus’s punishment was a lesson about the consequences of breaking this accepted custom.
宙斯的惩罚是对打破这种被接受的习俗的后果的教训.
In this sculpture from the Parthenon, a fifth-century bce temple in Athens, a Centaur battles a fallen Greek warrior.
在这个来自帕台农神庙(Pathenon)的雕塑中,雅典的一座五世纪的bce神庙,半人马会与一位倒下被击倒的希腊战士进行战斗.
Sirens Like Centaurs, Sirens were also hybrid creatures.
像"半人马"一样,"西伦"也是杂交生物.
Sirens were women with the wings, legs, and bodies of birds.
警报器是女人 有翅膀、腿和鸟类的尸体
They stood for the importance of self-control.
他们主张自我控制的重要性。
They lived on an island in the middle of the sea, where they sang beautiful songs to lure sailors.
他们住在海中的一个岛上,在那里唱出美丽的歌曲来引诱水手.
The sailors would lose control of their ships and crash onto the rocky shores of the island.
水手们会失去对舰只的控制 坠入岛上的岩石海岸
The myth about the Sirens says that they had once been human maids to the goddess Persephone (pur-SE-fuh-nee).
关于西伦人的神话说,他们曾经是女神珀耳塞福涅(pur-SE-fuh-nee)的人类女仆.
One day the god of the underworld took Persephone while she was picking flowers.
有一天,冥界的神在珀耳塞福涅采花时带走了她.
Their wings helped the Sirens search for Persephone.
他们的翅膀帮助了西伦人寻找珀耳塞福涅.
The Sirens never found her and settled on the island.
塞伦人从未找到她并定居在岛上.
The Sirens are connected to the word siren, which is a device that gives off a loud warning sound.
警报器连接到警报器这个词 这个装置发出响亮的警告声
They also inspired the meaning of a siren song— something so appealing that it makes you want it, even if it is dangerous.
他们也启发了警笛歌的意义——这种歌很吸引人,让你想要它,即使它很危险.
W W The Sirens drew many sailors to them, but a few were able to pass them by.
W W"西伦斯号"吸引了众多水手到他们身边来,但有少数水手能够通过.
One played music so loud that it blocked out the Sirens’ song.
一名音乐演奏声高,
Another told his sailors to tie him tightly to his boat.
另一个叫水手把他紧紧绑在船上
His sailors plugged their ears so they could not hear the song.
他的水手们插上耳朵 让他们听不到这首歌
Being able to avoid the Sirens’ song stood for the strength of will that Greek people valued.
能够避免Sirens的歌声代表希腊人民所珍视的意志的力量。
This vase from the fifth century bce shows Odysseus tied to his ship so he can hear the Sirens’ song.
五世纪的花瓶显示 奥德修斯被绑在船上,
and stay alive.
并保持活着。
Medusa While the Sirens were known for their beauty, Medusa was famous for her scary appearance.
美杜莎语 虽然西伦人以美貌出名,但美杜莎却以她可怕的外表而出名.
Ancient Greek artists usually showed the Gorgons—Medusa and her two sisters—with large, round heads and huge eyes.
古希腊艺术家通常向高冈人(Medusa)和她的两个姐妹展示大而圆的头和大的眼睛.
They often had snakes instead of hair, pointed tusks, and tongues sticking out of their mouths.
他们经常有蛇而不是发型,尖牙和舌头从口中伸出来.
Although Medusa’s sisters were immortal, she was mortal.
虽然美杜莎的姐妹不朽,
It was possible for humans to defeat her.
人类有可能打败她
Medusa had her own defense against attacks, though.
美杜莎有她自己的防御 防止攻击,虽然。
She could turn people to stone once they looked directly into her eyes.
她可以把人们变成石头 一旦他们直接看着她的眼睛。
The myth about Medusa began with an evil king who was in love with the mother of a boy named Perseus.
关于美杜莎的神话从一个邪恶的国王开始,他爱上了一个叫珀尔修斯的男孩的母亲.
To get Perseus out of his way, the king tricked him into promising he would bring anything the king wanted.
为了让珀尔修斯脱离他的道路,国王欺骗他,让他许诺他会带出国王想要的一切来.
The king sent Perseus to get the head of Medusa— a deed he thought would be impossible.
国王派珀耳修斯去取美杜莎的首级——他认为不可能的契约.
With the help of gods and goddesses, Perseus cut off the head of Medusa.
在神和女神的帮助下,珀尔修斯砍下美杜莎的头颅.
Two creatures came out of her body.
二众生从她身出.
Some people think the killing of Medusa symbolized the ending of a drought.
有些人认为美杜莎被杀死象征了一场干旱的结束.
The creatures stood for the good things that came after—crops and water.
生物代表了之后的美好事物 作物和水
Wowser!
哗!
The Greeks believed that the frightening faces of the Gorgons would protect them and ward off evil.
希腊人相信高尔冈人可怕的面孔会保护他们并避免邪恶.
They put pictures of Gorgons everywhere, including on their shields.
他们把戈贡斯的照片放入了各地,包括他们的盾牌上.
The Minotaur The Minotaur was another hybrid creature.
弥诺陶洛斯是另一种杂交生物.
It had a bull’s head and a man’s body.
它有一个牛头和一个人的身体。
The monster was so scary that it was kept in a maze called the Labyrinth beneath the palace of Minos, where the king of Crete lived.
怪物是如此地恐怖,以至于被保存在一个叫"迷宫"的迷宫中,位于克列特国王所居住的米诺斯宫殿下.
After boys from the city of Athens killed the son of Minos, the king wanted revenge.
在雅典市的男孩杀死了米诺斯之子后,国王想复仇.
He began to attack Athens.
他开始进攻雅典.
He agreed to stop if the people of Athens sent seven boys and seven girls to the Minotaur.
他同意,如果雅典人派了7个男孩和7个女孩去弥诺陶洛斯,他就会停止.
A brave boy from Athens named Theseus volunteered to be one of the victims.
来自雅典的一个叫特修斯的勇敢男孩自愿成为受害者之一.
When Theseus arrived in Crete, he was put in a cage with the other victims.
特修斯到克列特后被与其他被害者一起关入笼子.
It was then that the princess of Crete, Ariadne (ah-ree-AHD-nee), saw Theseus and fell in love with him.
当时克里特公主阿里阿德涅(英语:Ah-ree-AHD-nee)见到了特修斯并爱上了他.
The princess didn’t want the Minotaur to hurt Theseus.
公主不希望弥诺陶洛斯伤害特修斯。
She asked the man who built the Labyrinth how Theseus could escape.
她问建造"迷宫"的人,特修斯是如何逃脱的.
She was told that she should give Theseus a ball of yarn to tie to a door.
她被告知她应该给特修斯一球纱来绑住一扇门.
He was to unwind it as he made his way through the Labyrinth.
他通过迷宫时要解开它
She also gave Theseus a sword.
她还给了特修斯一把剑.
After Theseus defeated the Minotaur, he followed the trail of yarn back out of the maze.
在特修斯击败弥诺陶洛斯后,他跟随纱线出迷宫而后出.
The Minotaur myth was popular after the Greeks took over Crete.
米诺陶洛斯神话在希腊人占领克里特后流行.
Just as Centaurs often symbolized the Persians, bulls often stood for Crete.
和半人马经常象征波斯人一样,公牛也经常代表克里特人.
Bulls were sacred to an important goddess in Crete.
公牛对克里特的一位重要女神来说是神圣的.
Some people think that Theseus beating the Minotaur stood for the Greeks taking over Crete.
有些人认为特修斯打倒了弥诺陶洛斯代表了希腊人接管克里特.
Typhon The Minotaur was tiny compared to the giant Typhon (TY-fon).
台风 米诺陶洛斯人与巨型泰峰(Ty-fon)相比很小.
It was a monster with wings, snakes for legs, and one hundred heads—one human and the rest different creatures.
它是一个有翅膀的怪物,有蛇为腿,有一百个头——一个人类,还有其他不同的生物。
Typhon stood for the harmful forces of nature.
Typhon支持大自然的有害力量。
Only Zeus, the king of the gods, could matc h Typhon.
只有宙斯,神之王, 才能让泰平。
Their battle shook the whole world.
他们的战斗震撼了整个世界.
Zeus set all one hundred of the monster’s heads on fire.
宙斯把那怪物的头都放火了
He then locked Typhon away inside Earth.
然后他把Typhon锁在地里
The ancient Greeks blamed Typhon for the strong winds that spread across land and sea during great storms.
古希腊人将大风暴期间横行于陆地和海上的强风归咎于了台风.
People were comforted by the idea that Zeus could defeat the natural forces of weather that Typhon represented.
人们对宙斯能够击败泰孚所代表自然天气力量的想法感到欣慰.
Conclusion The ancient Greeks did not tell stories about mythical creatures simply to entertain or scare people.
结论 古希腊人并没有仅仅为了娱乐或吓唬人而讲述神话生物的故事.
These creatures and the myths about them had meanings that helped people understand the world around them at the time.
这些生物和关于他们的神话有其意义,帮助人们了解当时周围的世界.
While mythical creatures played important roles in ancient Greek culture, they are also popular today.
虽然神话生物在古希腊文化中扮演了重要角色,但今天也流行.
Children and adults are still excited by their amazing stories.
儿童和成年人仍然对他们的惊人故事感到兴奋.
Some famous companies use mythical creatures of ancient Greece as their logos—including Medusa’s head for the fashion label Versace (vur-SAH-chee), Pegasus, Perseus’s winged horse, for Mobil Gas, and a Siren for Starbucks Coffee Company.
一些有名的公司将古希腊的神话生物作为其标志——包括美杜莎的头像用于时尚标签Versace(vur-SAH-chee),Pegasus,Perseus的翼马,用于Mobil Gas,以及Siren用于星巴克咖啡公司.