Making Mosaics

美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习

Introduction Making a mosaic is a process of putting together pieces of various materials to create unique designs.

制作一幅镶嵌图是一个将各种材料拼凑在一起以创造出独特设计的过程.

Mosaics like the one made in this book have been designed for thousands of years.

与本作所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出.

The tools and supplies for making mosaics can be simple.

制作马赛克的工具和用品可以简单.

Materials vary from the traditional tile, glass, pottery, and china to the imaginative—stones, seashells, marbles, and pieces of mirror.

材料从传统的瓷砖、玻璃、陶器和瓷器到富有想象力的石块、贝壳、大理石和镜子碎片不等。

History of Mosaics In the beginning, most mosaics were practical as well as decorative.

摩赛克历史. 开始时,大多数镶嵌画既实用又能装饰.

In Turkey, pebble mosaic floors were discovered in homes built during the 700s.

在土耳其,700年代建造的房屋中发现了卵石镶嵌地层.

Some of the ancient Romans had wall mosaics showing sacred images.

一些古罗马人有墙上镶嵌出出圣像.

These kinds of wall displays were also used by early religious groups to decorate their places of worship.

早期的宗教团体也使用这些类型的墙上展示来装饰他们的礼拜场所.

By the 1400s, mosaics were not just used for practical purposes.

到1400年代,马赛克并不只是用于实际目的.

Mosaics became an art form.

莫赛克成为了艺术形式.

Entire walls and ceilings were covered with mosaics that contained complex images.

整个墙壁和天花板被镶嵌有复杂图像的镶嵌图案所覆盖.

During the Renaissance, mosaics mirrored paintings.

文艺复兴时期出土了镶嵌画作相映.

This was called pictorial realism.

这被称为相片现实主义.

In the 1700s and 1800s, artists created mosaic miniatures: tiny bits of glass and ceramic used to decorate keepsake boxes, plaques, and jewelry.

在1700年代和1800年代,艺术家们创作了摩赛克迷你画:用来装饰花盒,花牌和珠宝的微小的玻璃和陶瓷.

At the end of the 1800s, the Art Nouveau movement sparked a renewed interest in creating mosaics.

1800年代末,"新艺术"运动再次引发了对创造马赛克的兴趣.

Today, artists create both formal and abstract mosaic designs.

今天,艺术家们同时创造出正式和抽象的马赛克设计.

Materials and Supplies Although the finished product looks complex, the process of making a mosaic is quite simple.

材料和用品 虽然成品看起来很复杂,但制作马赛克的过程相当简单.

In fact, many of the materials are inexpensive and available at any hardware store.

事实上,许多材料价格低廉,在任何五金店都可以买到。

Some are even free.

有些甚至免费。

Below are five things you need to get started.

下面是五件事你需要开始。

Tesserae: Tesserae are the many small pieces that are put together into a larger design.

泰瑟莱: Teserae是许多被组合成更大型设计的小作品.

Some of the most commonly used tesserae are stone, glass, and ceramic tile; however, a broken plate or cup, interesting stones, or a bucket of seashells can be used for a mosaic.

一些最常用的特赛拉是石头,玻璃和陶瓷瓷砖;然而,一个被打碎的盘子或杯子,有趣的石头,或一桶海贝可以被用来作镶嵌.

Do not limit your creativity.

不要限制你的创造力。

Adhesives: You will also need some kind of glue to permanently stick the pieces of your tesserae to the surface of your choosing.

粘贴: 您还需要某种胶水来永久地粘上您所选择的地表。

There are several types.

有几种类型。

One is mastic, which is latex-based.

一种是塑胶,以乳胶为主.

Another is thinset, which is like mortar.

另一个是薄片,就像迫击炮一样。

Grout: Grout will also be needed to fill the spaces between the tesserae.

格鲁特:需要格鲁特来填补tesserae之间的空地.

All grouts contain Portland cement for strength and durability.

所有地块都装有耐用和耐用性的波特兰水泥。

Some are polymer-enhanced for even more strength and flexibility.

有些是增强聚合物,以获得更大的强度和灵活性。

Use non-sanded grout for filling cracks less than one-eighth inch wide but sanded grout for larger cracks.

使用非沙地格来填充宽度小于一分之一英寸但被沙地格来填充较大的裂口.

Both types come in a variety of colors.

两种类型都有不同的颜色.

Tools: Many people use a hammer to break larger pieces of tesserae.

工具:许多人用锤子来打碎更大块的tesserae.

For more control, there are handheld tile nippers, which look like pliers.

为了更多的控制,有手持的瓦片式的钳子,外观像钳子.

Other tools such as a trowel, float, palette knife, or spatula may also be needed to smooth grouts and glues.

平滑地沟和胶水可能需要其他工具,如特劳尔,活浮,调色板刀等.

Finally, you will need a sponge to wipe the surface of your mosaic after you apply the grout.

最后,你将需要一个海绵 擦去你镶嵌的表面 在你施放地沟后。

Protection: Safety is always important.

保护: 安全永远很重要。

When breaking or cutting the tesserae, you will need to wear safety glasses and a dust mask.

当破碎或切开取出Tesserae时,需要戴安全眼镜和防尘口罩.

The powdered cement mortars and grouts contain silica.

粉末水泥迫击炮和地沟中装有硅。

Silica can irritate your eyes and lungs.

锡利卡能刺激你的眼睛和肺.

Also, latex or rubber gloves should be worn when working with grout and mortar to protect your hands.

另外,在用地沟和迫击炮来保护你的手时,应佩戴乳胶或橡胶手套。

Making a Mosaic Begin your project by choosing the item you wish to decorate.

选择您想要装饰的项目来启动您的项目 。

Consider a simple item, such as a garden stepping stone, and a simple design.

考虑一个简单的项目,比如一个花园阶梯石,和一个简单的设计.

Then, gather your tesserae and cut them into uniform sizes.

然后,收集你的Tesserae 切成制服大小。

If you are using tile nippers, place the cutting jaws so that they overlap the edge of your tesserae, about an eighth of an inch.

如果你在用瓦片的喷嘴, 把切口放好, 这样它们就能与你的舌尖相重叠, 大约八分之一英寸。

Squeeze the handles firmly.

稳住手柄.

To make a curved shape, try several small cuts, nibbling away slowly.

要做一个弯曲的形状,尝试几个小切口,慢慢地消去.

If you have problems cutting your tesserae with the tile nippers, chances are you are putting too much of the material into the jaws of the nippers.

如果你有问题 切开你的tesserae与瓷砖 剪刀, 你的机会 是把太多 材料 投入到 剪刀的下巴。

Now, choose your first piece of tesserae, spread a small amount of glue on the back, and press it onto the surface of the item you wish to decorate.

现在,选择你的第一块特赛拉, 在背上放出少量胶水, 把它压到你想装饰的东西的表面。

Make sure not to apply too much glue.

千万别用太多胶水

Use just enough to make sure each piece stays in place.

足够确保每块都留在原地

(If you apply too much, the glue will push up between the mosaic pieces.)

(如果应用过多,胶会向上推出相间镶嵌相间.

Use a palette knife or your finger to wipe away any extra glue.

用调色板刀或手指擦去任何额外的胶.

Follow this method until the object is covered with tesserae.

遵循这种方法直到对象被tesserae所覆盖.

When positioning pieces, be sure to leave space between them for the grout.

在定位棋子时,一定要在它们之间留下空格来做地盘.

(The size and frequency of the grout influences the overall design.

(地沟的大小和频率会影响总体设计.

Stagger the cracks between pieces to avoid creating straight lines throughout your design.)

将碎片之间的裂缝相接,以避免在整个设计过程中产生直线. )

Once the item is covered with tesserae and has dried for 24 hours or more, you are ready to grout.

一旦这些东西被特塞雷所覆盖,并被干燥了24小时或更长时间,你就可以开始发牢骚了。

Cut off the top of a plastic gallon milk jug and use the bottom part as a mixing bowl for your grout.

切出一个塑料加仑牛奶罐的上部 用下部作为你的花盆的搅拌碗

Start by making sure the surface of your item is wiped clean of any remaining glue.

首先要确保你物品的表面清除出任何残留的胶水.

Then, wearing rubber gloves, safety glasses, and a dust mask, mix a small batch of grout, following the directions on the package.

然后,戴有橡胶手套,安全眼镜,并戴有防尘口罩,将一小批地沟相混合,遵循包裹上的方向.

You should aim for a thick, smooth mixture like peanut butter.

你应该瞄准像花生酱一样厚而平滑的混合物.

You can use a spatula or trowel to mix your grout.

你可以使用斯图拉或特劳尔来搅拌你的地沟.

Once it is mixed, let it sit to cure for about ten minutes before continuing.

一旦它混合在一起,就让它坐在那里治疗大约10分钟,然后继续。

Next, apply an even coating of grout to the surface.

接下来,在地表上涂上平面涂层。

Then, press it into the cracks with a spatula or rubber float.

然后,用螺旋管或橡胶浮点压入裂缝.

Once all the cracks are filled with grout, you can begin to remove the rest from the surface.

一旦所有的裂缝都填满了地沟后,就可以开始将其余部分从地表取出.

Start by thoroughly wiping the entire mosaic with a lightly dampened sponge.

首先用被轻度压抑的海绵 彻底擦去整个马赛克

Have a bucket of clean water nearby.

附近有一桶净水

Use it to clean the sponge, wring it out, and then wipe the surface again.

用它来清理海绵,把它扭出来,然后再擦去表面.

Repeat this until the surface is fairly clean and smooth.

重复一遍,直到表面相当干净和平滑。

Make sure all the pieces of tesserae are visible.

确保所有特塞拉的碎片都可见.

Sometimes the thinner pieces get buried by the grout.

有时更薄的碎片被地沟所掩埋.

There may still be a haze left on the surface of the mosaic, too.

镶嵌地表上可能还残留有一片雾霾.

This can be wiped off with a clean, soft cloth in about an hour, as the grout hardens.

大约一个小时后,这可以用干净而柔软的布被擦去,就像地沟硬化.

When cleaning up, do not dump the water used to rinse the sponge down the drain.

在清理时,不要倾倒用来将海绵冲入下水道的水.

The grout can settle and harden in a drainpipe and cause future clogs.

地沟可以在排水管中安顿和硬化,并引起未来的堵塞.

Also, when cleaning up after working with cement products such as grout, it is helpful to rinse your hands in vinegar before washing them.

此外,在与诸如地沟等水泥产品合作后进行清理时,在清洗前将你的手用醋冲洗有益。

This will help restore the p H balance of your skin.

这将帮助恢复你皮肤的pH平衡.

After three days, the grout will harden completely and can be sealed.

三天后,地沟会被彻底地收紧,可以被封.

Sealing is not necessary, but if the mosaic will be outdoors or will often come into contact with moisture, it is a good idea.

封地是没有必要的,但是如果马赛克会是在户外,或者经常会与水分接触,这是一个好主意.

Do You Know?

你知道吗?

This will also help seal out any stains.

这也将有助于封印任何污点。

Conclusion Although the finished product looks very sophisticated and complex, making a mosaic is quite simple and requires only a few of materials and supplies.

结论 虽然成品看起来非常精密而复杂,但制作一款镶嵌工艺相当简单,只需要少量的材料和用品.

Beginners and professionals alike can create beautiful, lasting designs with broken tiles, pieces of broken dishes, and other unique objects.

初学者和专业人士都可以用破碎的瓷砖、破碎的盘子和其他独特的物品创造出美丽而持久的设计。