Julius Caesar
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Hail Caesar!
内容表 凯撒万岁!
4 The Roman World.
4 罗马世界。
5 Caesar’s Early Life.
5 凯撒的"早生".
7 The Leader.
7 领袖。
9 Caesar Returns to Rome.
9凯撒回罗马.
12 We Remember Julius Caesar.
12 我们记得朱利叶斯·凯撒
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
16 Hail Caesar!
16万岁凯撒!
Ancient Rome is one of the great civilizations in history.
古罗马是历史上最伟大的文明之一.
Many of the languages we speak, our cultures, and our ways of government are connected to Rome, and Julius Caesar was one of its greatest leaders.
我们所说的许多语言,我们的文化,我们的政府方式都与罗马有关,而尤利乌斯·凯撒是其最伟大的领导人之一.
Caesar became famous because he was a great military commander.
凯撒之所以出名,是因为他是一个伟大的军事指挥官.
He was also a very clever and successful politician.
他也是一个非常聪明而成功的政治家.
He was a great public speaker, and the Roman public as well as Caesar’s soldiers loved him.
他是一位伟大的公共演说家,罗马公众以及凯撒的士兵都爱他.
However, many Roman politicians feared and mistrusted Caesar because they believed he wanted to be king.
然而,许多罗马政治家害怕并不信任凯撒,因为他们相信他想要成为国王.
What Caesar really wanted was to fix Rome, which was in great trouble at the time he was born.
凯撒真正想要的就是修复罗马,罗马在他出生时就陷入了巨大的麻烦.
MEDITERRANEAN SEA BLACK SEA ATLANTIC OCEAN GAUL (FRANCE) SPAIN GREECE MACEDONIA ASIA (TURKEY) AFRICA Rome Roman Republic 200–100 bc The Roman Republic was growing in the years before Caesar was born.
地中海-大西洋-大西洋(法国) (土耳其) 非洲 罗马共和国 200-100 bc 罗马共和国在凯撒出世前的岁月里正在增长.
Republic in 100 bc Republic in 200 bc The Roman World Ancient Rome began where the European country of Italy is today.
共和100 bc 共和200 bc 罗马世界古罗马起源于今天的欧洲国家意大利.
Over more than one thousand years, Rome grew to become one of the greatest empires in the world.
一千多年以来 罗马逐渐成为了世界上最伟大的帝国之一.
However, few of those years were stable or peaceful.
然而,这些年中很少有是稳定或和平的。
Rome was often at war with its neighbors, faraway people, and even itself.
罗马经常同邻居,远道而来的人,甚至自己开战.
In the beginning, Rome was a city-state ruled by kings.
最初,罗马是一个由国王统治的城市国家.
A city-state was a place that included one large city and the countryside around it.
一个城市国家是一个包括一个大城市和周围的农村的地方。
The story is that Rome was ruled well by six kings in a row, but the seventh king was cruel.
故事是罗马连续由六位国王统治,但第七位国王是残酷的.
In 509 bc, the people of Rome rose up and drove the terrible king from power.
在509 bc中,罗马人民起而将可怕的国王赶出权力.
Romans decided that they didn’t want kings, and this was when the Roman Republic began.
罗马人决定不要国王,
They began electing two men called consuls every year to run the government.
他们开始每年选举两个叫领事的人来管理政府.
The consuls were helped by the Senate—a group of rich men who had great political power.
执政官们得到了参议院的帮助——一群拥有巨大政治权力的富人。
They were called senators.
他们被称为参议员。
The Roman Republic grew quickly.
罗马共和国迅速发展.
Over time, it spread to east and south, across the Mediterranean Sea into North Africa.
随着时间的推移,它向东和南扩散,穿过地中海进入北非.
As they conquered other regions, Romans created provinces.
随着他们征服了其他地区,罗马人创建了省份.
These provinces needed to be governed, and they needed an army to protect them.
这些省份需要治理,他们需要一支军队来保护他们。
Romans chose upper-class Roman citizens to rule the provinces.
罗马人选择了上等的罗马公民来统治各省.
Governing the provinces made the rulers wealthy.
统治各省使统治者富有.
Life was not so good, however, for the common citizens back in Rome.
但是,对罗马的普通公民来说,生活并不那么好。
Many of them were poor, and they did not benefit from the new provinces.
他们中许多人是穷人,他们没有从新的省份中受益。
The Senate had become very corrupt.
参议院变得非常腐败。
The gap in wealth between the rich and the poor became too big, and civil war broke out.
贫富财富差距过大,内战爆发.
A civil war involves two groups of people from the same country fighting for control.
内战涉及来自同一个国家的两组人为控制而战.
Caesar’s Early Life Julius Caesar was born in July 100 bc— more than two thousand years ago.
凯撒的"早期生活"(Julius Caesar)生于100bc年7月——2000多年前.
Caesar came from an old and known family.
凯撒来自一个已知的老家族.
They probably expected him to enter politics at a young age.
他们可能期望他年轻时进入政界.
When his father died, Caesar became the head of his family at age sixteen.
当他的父亲去世后,凯撒在16岁时成为了一家之长.
In that same year, he married Cornelia, who was from a family that supported the common, or poorer, Roman citizens.
同年他与科妮莉娅结婚,科妮莉娅来自一个支持普通或更贫穷的罗马公民的家庭.
At this time, a man named Sulla had control over Rome.
此时,一个叫苏拉的人控制了罗马.
Sulla represented the wealthy class, and he demanded that Caesar leave Cornelia.
苏拉代表富裕阶层,他要求凯撒离开科妮莉亚.
Caesar refused, which was a very dangerous thing to do.
凯撒拒绝了,这是非常危险的事情。
It showed that he would not obey Sulla.
这表明他不会服从Sulla。
To get away from Sulla, Caesar joined the army and served in the provinces far from Rome.
为了远离苏拉,凯撒加入了军队并服役于远离罗马的省份.
Caesar advanced quickly in the military, and his soldiers admired him because he treated them with respect.
凯撒在军队中迅速前进,而他的士兵们很欣赏他,因为他对他们很尊重.
When Sulla died in 78 bc, Caesar felt it was safe to return to Rome.
当苏拉于78bc中去世后,凯撒觉得回到罗马是安全的.
He returned to politics and did very well working with a powerful man named Pompey.
他回到了政界,与一个叫庞培的有势力的人合作得很好.
After Cornelia passed away, Caesar married Pompey’s daughter, Pompeia.
科妮莉娅去世后,凯撒与庞培的女儿庞培亚结婚.
Now settled in Rome, Caesar believed he knew how to fix the troubled government.
现在定居罗马,凯撒相信他知道如何平息麻烦的政府.
A great orator, or public speaker, Caesar told the people of Rome that he could help them, and they adored him for it.
一个伟大的演说家,或者公共演说家,凯撒告诉罗马人民,他可以帮助他们,他们为此崇拜他.
Caesar leads his troops across a river into Italy.
凯撒带领他的部队穿过一条河进入意大利.
Caesar wore a crown of laurel leaves in his later years.
凯撒晚年还戴着一顶有荣耀之叶的花冠.
The Leader The people elected Caesar to the important government position of consul when he was forty years old.
领导人 民国40岁时选举出凯撒出任执政官这一重要的政府职位.
He served as consul for one year and then became the governor of Gaul.
他担任执政官一年后出任高卢总督.
Gaul was an important Roman province in what is today northern Italy and France.
高卢是今天意大利北部和法国重要的罗马行省.
As governor, Caesar commanded powerful Roman legions, or armies.
作为总督,凯撒指挥了强大的罗马军团,或军队.
Many different tribes, or groups of people, lived in Gaul at that time.
许多不同的部落,或一群人,住在当时的高卢.
The tribes fought one another and also fought against the Romans.
各部落相争相取胜,也与罗马人相争.
Caesar’s armies were outnumbered, and the tribes were fierce.
凯撒的军队寡不敌众,部落凶猛.
Still, Caesar was a brilliant general.
尽管如此,凯撒还是一位杰出的将军.
He treated his soldiers well, he was fearless, and he had amazing military talent.
他善待士兵,无所畏惧,有惊人的军事才华.
Because of this, his legions respected and loved him.
由于这个原因,他的军团尊敬并爱他.
One military tool was the battering ram, which was rolled to a wall or building.
一个军事工具是被卷入墙上或建筑物的击打公羊。
Protected by the shed, soldiers swung the ram on chains to smash strong gates.
被棚子所保护,士兵用铁链将公羊打倒了坚固的大门.
After many years of war, Caesar’s legions brought all the tribes of Gaul under Roman control.
经过多年的战争后,凯撒的军团将高卢的所有部落都由罗马控制.
This forever changed the way these people lived and had a great effect on the way Europe would grow in the future.
这永远改变了这些人的生活方式,并对欧洲未来成长的方式产生了很大影响.
Caesar was in Gaul for ten years, and his military success there made him famous back in Rome.
凯撒在高卢呆了十年,他在那里的军事成功使他在罗马重出名来.
All the time he was away, Caesar had political friends working for him at home.
在他离开期间,凯撒有政治朋友在家为他工作.
He remained connected with Pompey, who married Caesar’s daughter, Julia.
他与庞培保持联系,庞培嫁给了凯撒的女儿朱莉娅.
Pompey, Caesar, and a wealthy politician and general named Crassus formed a group that was very successful and powerful.
庞培,凯撒,和一位富有的政治家和名叫克萨斯的将领组成了一个非常成功而强大的团体.
In this painting by Jean-Léon Gérôme, Caesar is shown as a military commander.
在让-莱昂·热罗姆(Jean-Léon Gérôme)的这幅画中,凯撒被表现为军事指挥官.
In a painting by Lionel Royer, a northern leader surrenders to Caesar after a battle.
在莱昂内尔·罗伊尔所画的一幅画中,一位北方领导人在一战后向凯撒投降.
However, in time, Pompey became jealous of Caesar’s fame.
然而,及时,庞培开始嫉妒凯撒的名声.
After both Crassus and Julia died, Pompey and Caesar became bitter enemies.
克萨斯和茱莉亚都死后,庞培和凯撒成为了苦敌.
Caesar was popular with the common Romans, but Pompey had the support of the rich senators and some of the legions in Italy.
凯撒被普通罗马人所欢迎,但庞培得到了富裕的参议员和意大利的一些军团的支持.
Caesar wanted to go back to Rome.
凯撒想回罗马
The Senate said he must give up his loyal army.
元老院说他必须放弃忠心的军队.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Caesar changed the calendar.
凯撒更改了日历.
Romans used a calendar based on the positions of the Moon.
罗马人使用基于月球位置的日历.
The calendar was missing ten days.
日历缺了十天
Caesar worked with astronomers to create a new calendar that was based on Earth’s movements around the Sun.
凯撒与天文学家合作,根据地球围绕太阳的运动,创造了一个新的日历.
It was much more accurate.
它更准确。
Pompey The month of July is named after Caesar.
庞贝 七月以凯撒命名.
Caesar Returns to Rome Caesar feared that he might be murdered if he returned alone, so he brought his loyal and mighty army.
凯撒回罗马后,凯撒担心他如果独自返回,可能会被谋杀,于是带回了忠心和强大的军队.
He was breaking Roman law when he did this, but he believed he had to stand up to Pompey.
他这样做时违反了罗马法律,但他认为他必须挺身而出对抗庞培.
When Caesar returned, the two armies fought a deadly civil war.
凯撒回国后,两军进行了致命的内战.
Caesar chased Pompey’s troops out of Italy and destroyed them.
凯撒将庞培的军队赶出了意大利并消灭了他们.
Pompey was killed.
庞培被诛.
Caesar’s Murder by Karl Theodor von Piloty When Caesar led his army back to Rome, the Senate welcomed him.
凯撒被卡尔·西奥多·冯·皮洛蒂所谋杀,凯撒率领军队回罗马后,元老院对他表示欢迎.
Caesar accomplished many great things.
凯撒成就了许多伟大的事
He passed new laws, built great buildings, and even changed the calendar.
他通过了新的法律,建造了宏伟的建筑,甚至更改了历法.
The people loved Caesar.
人民爱凯撒。
However, many members of the Senate did not.
但是,许多参议院议员没有这样做。
They never wanted a king, and they believed Caesar had become one.
他们从未想要一个国王,他们相信凯撒已经成为一个国王.
They hated that he had total power because it made them less powerful.
他们讨厌他拥有全能 因为这会让他们变得不那么强大
Two years after his return to Rome, a group of senators planned against Caesar and murdered him.
在他回到罗马后两年,一群参议员策划了反对凯撒并谋杀了他.
A coin dated 44 bc shows Julius Caesar with Venus on the reverse.
一枚日期为44bc的硬币显示朱利叶斯·凯撒与金星相倒.
Caesar’s family claimed to descend from the goddess of love.
凯撒的家族自称从爱之女所来.
This map shows the Roman Republic at the time of Caesar’s death.
这幅地图显示了凯撒去世时的罗马共和国.
MEDITERRANEAN SEA BLACK SEA ATLANTIC OCEAN GAUL (FRANCE) SPAIN GREECE MACEDONIA ASIA (TURKEY) AFRICA Rome Roman Republic 45 bc We Remember Julius Caesar Caesar’s murder led to an even more terrible civil war.
地中海-大西洋-大西洋(法国) (土耳其) 我们记得尤利乌斯·凯撒被谋杀,
When the war was finally over, the Roman Empire was born.
战争最终结束后,罗马帝国诞生.
The empire that Caesar created would rule over Europe for centuries and shape the world we live in today.
凯撒创建的帝国将统治欧洲数百年,塑造我们今天所生活的世界.