Incredible Icebergs

美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习

Table of Contents Introduction.

导言表。

4 All About Icebergs.

4 关于冰山。

5 Watch Out!

5 当心!

8 The Upside of Icebergs.

8"冰山的上边".

10 Scientists Afloat.

10名科学家 Afloat.

12 Conclusion.

12 结论。

15 Glossary.

15 词汇。

16 Introduction For centuries, icebergs have frightened sailors in cold seas—and for good reason.

导言 几个世纪以来,冰山在冷海中吓倒了水手,这也是有道理的。

When the ship Titanic made its first voyage in 1912, the ship hit an iceberg off the northeastern coast of Canada.

当泰坦尼克号于1912年进行首次出航时,该舰撞上了加拿大东北海岸外的一座冰山.

The ship sank less than three hours later, taking about 1,500 people with it beneath the icy water.

舰只在不到三个小时后就下沉了,带着船在冰水下取走约1500人.

Icebergs rise from the ocean like mysterious white whales or snowy mountains.

冰山从海洋中起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起

They are amazing to see, and yet what we see is just the small part that floats above the water’s surface.

我们所看到的只是浮出水面上的小部分。

That tip only hints at the massive amount of ice beneath the surface, hidden from view.

这只暗示了地表下 隐藏着大量冰层

This painting depicts the Titanic as it sinks.

这幅画描绘了泰坦尼克号在下沉的时候.

The iceberg that sank the ship was 15–30 meters (50–100 ft.)

沉入舰只的冰山为15-30米(50-100英尺).

high and 61–122 meters (200–400 ft.)

高和61-122米(200-400英尺)

long, according to 1912 newspaper estimates.

长 根据1912年报纸的估计

All About Icebergs Icebergs come from the ends of the Earth— Antarctica in the south and the Arctic in the north.

所有关于冰山的冰山出自地底的尽头——南方的南极和北方的北极.

Ice sheets and glaciers there form when snow falls, then compacts over thousands of years.

冰盖和冰川在雪倒后形成 数千年的紧凑

They move slowly downhill and break off, or calve, when they reach the sea.

他们慢慢地下山,然后在到达海面时 离开,或者小牛。

This separation from land creates an iceberg.

与地相分离,形成了冰山.

By definition, an iceberg is floating ice that rises at least 5 meters (16 ft.)

顾名思义,一个冰山是起起起起至少5米(16英尺)的浮冰.

above the sea’s surface.

在海面上方

Why does it float like that?

为什么它这样漂?

When water freezes, it develops crystals that spread the same amount of water over a larger area.

当水结冰时,它会发展出晶体,将同样多的水分散到更大的地区.

For this reason, ice is about 10 percent less dense than water.

因此,冰的密度比水低10%。

It’s why about 10 percent of an iceberg floats above the surface.

这就是为什么大约10%的冰山浮出地表。

This is not an iceberg and its reflection.

这不是个冰山及其反射。

It’s actually two images in one— the ice above the water combined with the ice below.

水上冰与下层冰加在一起。

Many Antarctic icebergs are broad and flat like a tabletop because they break off from flat sheets of ice.

许多南极冰山是宽而平的,就像平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平

Many are also huge.

许多也是巨大的。

The largest known iceberg, B15, was 295 kilometers (183 mi.)

已知最大的冰山B15为295公里(183米.

long and 35 kilometers (23 mi.)

长和35公里(23米. )

wide.

宽度。

It was large enough for everyone in the world to stand on!

它足够大 世界上每个人都站立!

Icebergs in the Arctic are smaller and often pointed.

北极地区的冰原体较小并经常被指.

They travel down valleys to the sea.

他们沿着山谷去大海

3 meters (6 ft.)

3米(6平方英尺)

Icebergs come in many sizes.

冰山来来来来来来来来来来来来来来来来来来来来来来来去去去去去去去去去去去去去去来去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去

Some of those sizes have surprising names.

其中一些尺寸有惊人的名字。

Growlers: the size of a grand piano Bergy bits: as big as a garage Small berg: as big as a mansion Medium berg: as big as a large ship Large berg: as big as a stadium Very large berg: as big as a 23-story building—and bigger.

种植者:大钢琴的大小 Bergy比特:大如车库 小贝格:大如豪宅 中贝格:大如大船 大贝格:大如体育场 非常大的贝格:和23层建筑一样大——更大.

Most icebergs are white because they contain air bubbles.

大部分冰山是白色的,因为它们含有气泡.

Because the air inside is so compacted, those bubbles may hold twenty times more pressure than a car tire!

因为里面的空气太紧了 这些气泡的压力可能比车胎高20倍

When an iceberg melts, it makes a fizzing sound like soda as ten-thousand-year-old air slowly escapes.

当冰山融化后,会发出一股像苏打水一样的快快活的声音,就像10万年前的空气慢慢地跑出.

Blue icebergs are made of old ice that has pressed out the air bubbles or of ice that has melted and frozen again.

蓝色冰山由旧的冰块所制成,这些冰块压出气泡,或者由冰块再融化并被冰冻.

Green icebergs, which are rare, contain organic matter— matter from once-living animals or plants— frozen into the ice.

绿色冰山是罕见的,其中含有有机物——由曾经活过的动物或植物产生的物质——被冻入冰中.

This green- and blue-striped iceberg floats near Antarctica.

这个绿色和蓝色的冰山漂浮在南极洲附近.

The different colors appear because the different layers of ice formed in different conditions.

不同颜色的出现是因为不同地层的冰在不同的条件下形成.

Blue stripes are the most common.

蓝色条纹是最常见的.

Watch Out!

当心!

Because icebergs are so compacted, the ice found in them is much harder than ice from your freezer.

因为冰山很紧凑 冰层里发现的冰 比冰柜里的冰要难得多

It’s hard enough to sink a ship, if a ship hits one.

如果船撞到一艘船,

The Titanic was not the first ship sunk by an iceberg.

泰坦尼克号不是第一艘被冰山击沉的船.

Between 1882 and 1890, fourteen ships were lost and forty were damaged by icebergs.

1882至1890年间,有14艘船只被冰山所损失,有40艘被破坏.

The loss of the Titanic, however, spurred the United States and a handful of other nations to form the International Ice Patrol (IIP) in 1912.

然而,泰坦尼克号的失事促使美国和其他少数国家于1912年组成了"国际冰上巡逻"(IIP).

In the North Atlantic, ice season runs from late winter through late summer.

在北大西洋,冰季从冬季后期到夏季后期.

This is the period when icebergs break off from Greenland glaciers.

这段时期冰山从格陵兰冰川中分出.

Their journey takes several months and moves through a busy shipping area called the Grand Banks.

他们的旅程需要几个月的时间,穿过一个繁忙的航运区,叫"大银行".

It is the only location in the world where icebergs endanger a major shipping route.

这是世界上唯一一个冰山危及主要航运路线的地点。

From the air, an IIP officer surveys the sea below and notes the location of an iceberg.

从空中,一名IIP官员对下面的海洋进行勘测,并注意了冰山的位置.

Occasionally, icebergs drift far beyond their normal range.

偶尔冰山会漂流到 远远超出正常范围

Those shown are three that traveled the farthest.

显示的是三个最远的地方

The IIP monitors the Grand Banks.

IIP监测大银行。

It uses airplanes, reports sent from ships, and satellite images to create maps showing where icebergs have been seen.

它利用飞机,从船只发送的报告,以及卫星图像来绘制地图,显示冰山的出现地点.

It spots about six hundred icebergs a year.

它每年发现约600个冰山.

Some years have many more; a record two thousand icebergs were spotted in 1984.

有些年头还有许多;1984年发现了创纪录的2000个冰山。

Other years—like 1966—have none.

其他年份——如1966年——没有。

No one knows why the number of icebergs changes.

没有人知道为什么冰山的数量会改变。

Since the IIP began, no ship that heeded its warnings has hit an iceberg.

自从IIP开始,没有一艘听从警告的船撞上冰山.

However, some captains take their chances.

然而,有些船长会冒险.

Trying to take a shortcut through the icebergs has sunk several ships.

试图走捷径穿过冰山 击沉了多艘船

Canada sinking of Titanic EUROPE normal iceberg range Grand Banks NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN Greenland United States Some Icebergs Range Far and Wide Source: Cambridge University Press icebergs The Upside of Icebergs Icebergs could have some handy uses.

加拿大沉入泰坦尼克 EUROPE普通冰山范围 资料来源:剑桥大学出版社,冰山。 冰山的上边冰山可以有一些方便的用途.

Glaciers and ice sheets contain almost 70 percent of the world’s fresh water—and it’s very pure water.

冰川和冰盖中含有世界近70%的淡水,而且水非常纯净。

These types of ice formed thousands of years before air and water pollution.

这些类型的冰比空气和水污染早数千年形成.

Someday, icebergs might supply water to places that need it, like the Middle East or Southern California.

有一天,冰山可能会向需要的地方提供水,比如中东或南加州.

The problem is how to move icebergs to where water is needed.

问题是如何将冰山移到需要取水的地方.

Icebergs can be towed.

冰山可以被牵引.

People working on oil platforms, for instance, lasso icebergs and tow them away from the platforms.

例如,在石油平台上工作的人,拉索冰山,把他们拖出平台。

If moved into warm waters, though, icebergs melt.

如果移入温暖的水域,冰山会融化.

People are trying to find a way to insulate icebergs to keep them frozen.

人们试图寻找一种隔热冰山的方法来保持冰冻.

Another idea is to fill tankers—ships designed to carry large amounts of liquid—with iceberg chips, then ship the melted chips across the ocean.

另一种想法是用冰山芯片将油罐船装入装载大量液体的船舶,然后将熔化的芯片运入海洋。

However, like towing icebergs, this method is still too expensive to be practical.

然而,同拖取冰山一样,这种方法仍然过于昂贵,无法实用.

A workboat tows an iceberg away from an oil-drilling ship near Newfoundland, Canada.

一艘工作船从加拿大纽芬兰岛附近的打油船上拖走一座冰山.

Some companies use pure iceberg water to make things—skin-care products, for instance.

一些公司使用纯冰山取水来做东西——例如皮肤护理产品。

First, though, someone must harness the icebergs.

但首先,必须有人驾驭冰山

Canada now has “iceberg cowboys” who round up icebergs.

加拿大现在有“冰山牛仔”,他们围住冰山。

These icebergs aren’t going to hot places, so cowboys don’t have to worry about them melting.

这些冰山不会进入热地,

However, iceberg harvesting can be dangerous work: an iceberg can roll over and crush a ship.

然而,冰山的收割可能是危险的活:冰山可以翻过并压倒一艘船.

Math Minute A good-sized iceberg contains about 76 billion liters (20 billion gal.)

数学分钟 一座大冰山包含约760亿升(200亿个女孩).

of fresh water.

新鲜水。

If 1 million people each use about 38 liters (10 gal.)

如果100万人每人使用约38升(10个女孩).

of water a day, how long would the water from one iceberg last?

从冰山取出的水能持续多久?

Answer: 2,000 days Sometimes icebergs attract admirers.

回答:2000天 有时冰山会吸引仰慕者.

In April 2017, Ferryland, Canada, became a tourist magnet when a 46-meter (150 ft.)

2017年4月,加拿大费里兰在46米(150英尺)高时成为了旅游磁铁.

iceberg grounded just offshore.

冰山就停在离岸边

Scientists Afloat Along with companies and cowboys, some scientists take an interest in icebergs.

科学家Afloat与公司和牛仔一起,一些科学家对冰山感兴趣.

Some study to understand how melting icebergs may affect ocean currents—or be affected by them.

一些研究旨在了解融化的冰山会如何影响洋流——或受其影响。

A big iceberg can spend ten years drifting through the ocean, pulled by tides and deep ocean currents.

大冰山可以漂流10年,被潮汐和深海洋流拉出.

It may break into pieces as it collides with other icebergs or ice shelves.

当它与其他冰山或冰架相撞时,它可能会被碎裂成碎片。

Finally, most will drift into warmer water and melt.

最后,大多数人会漂入更温暖的水中并融化.

Animals Afloat Arctic seals rely on icebergs as refuge from predators and as a spot to give birth.

阿弗洛特北极海豹依靠冰山来躲避捕食者,并作为出产地.

Polar bears hunt Arctic seals, so they spend time on icebergs, too.

北极熊猎取北极海豹,所以它们也会花时间去冰山.

In fact, as many as twenty polar bears were observed living on an iceberg off the Canadian Arctic coast.

事实上,观察到有多达20只北极熊生活在加拿大北极海岸外的冰山上.

A mother and two cubs travel on a drifting iceberg near Russia.

一个母亲和两个幼崽在俄罗斯附近漂流的冰山上旅行.

Today, the ice in the Arctic and Antarctic is shrinking because Earth is getting warmer.

今天,北极和南极的冰层正在收缩,因为地球正在变暖.

More icebergs are calving.

更多的冰山在腐烂.

In order to better understand this melting process, one team of scientists landed on an iceberg to study it.

为了更好地了解这个熔融过程,一队科学家从冰山上登陆研究.

In February 2017, another team of scientists flying over Antarctica photographed a rift, or crack, in an ice shelf.

2017年2月,另一组科学家在南极上空飞行,在冰架上拍摄出一幅裂痕或裂痕.

An ice shelf is a large sheet of ice that is attached to land but sits in the water.

冰架是一块大面积的冰盖,被附着在陆地上,但坐落于水中.

That July, the cracked shelf broke off from the continent.

7月,裂开的架子从非洲大陆断开。

It formed A68, an iceberg almost the size of the U.

它形成了A68,一个几乎与U相仿的冰山.

S.

师曰.

state of Delaware.

特拉华州

Two scientists drag a sled across their test iceberg, named Chip.

两个科学家拖了个雪橇 穿过他们的冰山试验 叫做奇普

Do You Know?

你知道吗?

On average, icebergs travel slower than most people walk.

冰山的行走速度平均比大多数人走得慢.

In the short term, calving of icebergs like A68 adds little to rising sea levels.

从短期来看,像A68这样的冰山的碎裂对不断上升的海平面几乎没有增加.

That’s because most of the ice is already beneath the water when the iceberg breaks off.

冰山破裂时, 大部分的冰都已经在水下。

However, ice sheet calving speeds the movement of glaciers off the land, and glacier ice moving into the sea makes sea levels rise much more.

然而,冰盖碎裂加速了地上冰川的移动,而入海的冰川冰会使海平面升高多得多.

This, in turn, floods coasts around the world.

这反过来又导致世界各地的洪水泛滥。

It’s one reason scientists study icebergs: to help predict future sea level rise and help humans plan for it.

这是科学家研究冰山的原因之一:帮助预测未来的海平面上升,并帮助人类为此做出规划。

July 12, 2017 August 5, 2017 September 16, 2017 Satellite images captured the separation of A68 from Antarctica in 2017.

2017年7月12日 8月5日 2017年9月16日 (中文(简体) ). 卫星图像捕捉了2017年从南极洲分离出A68.

A68 is one of the largest icebergs on record.

A68是有纪录以来最大的冰山之一.

Its separation from the continent changed the outline of the Antarctic Peninsula forever.

它从大陆上分离,永远地改变了南极半岛的轮廓.

Conclusion Icebergs have troubled us since people first set sail through chilly waters, but our relationship with them has changed.

结论 自从人们第一次从寒冷的水域出航以来 冰山一直困扰着我们 但我们和它们的关系已经改变

Today, more people worry about what melting icebergs mean for coastal cities than for sailors at sea.

今天,更多的人担心冰山融化对沿海城市意味着什么,而不是海上的水手。

We may come to rely on these giants of nature for fresh drinking water—or some other use we haven’t even dreamed of yet.

我们可能会依靠这些大自然的巨人来取取新鲜的饮用水,

As research continues, we may find that what we know about them today is really just the tip of the iceberg.

随着研究的继续,我们可能会发现,我们今天所了解的关于它们的,其实只是冰山一角。

A man paddles past an iceberg in Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska.

一个人划过阿拉斯加克奈峡湾国家公园的冰山