Forever Free
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Bread for Lessons.
经验教训目录。
4 Born a Slave.
4生为奴.
6 Escape!
6跑开!
8 Writing and Speaking.
8 写作和演讲。
11 Land of the Free.
自由之地11号.
13 Glossary.
13 词汇。
16 Bread for Lessons Eight-year-old Frederick Douglass took a loaf of bread from the kitchen and slipped out the back door to run errands.
16 Bread for Educs 8岁的弗雷德里克·道格拉斯从厨房取出一面包,从后门滑出跑腿.
Frederick was a slave, but he knew he had more to eat than some boys in his neighborhood.
弗雷德里克是个奴隶,但他知道他比他附近的一些男孩还要多吃.
So he traded them bread for something he wanted even more—an education.
所以他把面包换成他更想要的东西——教育。
For slaves in the 1820s, learning how to read and write was against the law.
对于1820年代的奴隶来说,学习读写是违法的.
Frederick had a trick, though.
不过弗雷德里克有把戏
He’ d “show off” by writing a few letters in the dirt.
他写了几封信,
The poor white boys would write other letters, and before long, Frederick knew the alphabet.
可怜的白人男孩会写出其他字母,不久,弗雷德里克就知道字母表.
Soon he started trading food for lessons in reading and writing.
不久他开始用食物来换取阅读和写作方面的教训.
Frederick would give up his lunch every day to learn!
Frederick会每天放弃午餐学习!
Born a Slave Frederick was born a slave in February of 1817 or 1818.
生于1817年或1818年2月是奴隶弗雷德里克.
He never knew the date of his birth, and though he knew his father was white, he never knew who he was.
他从不知道他出生的日期,虽然他知道父亲是白人,但从不知道他是谁.
His mother was Harriet Bailey, but Frederick was raised by his grandmother, Betsey Bailey.
他的母亲是哈里特·贝利(Harriet Bailey),但弗雷德里克由外祖母贝特西·贝利抚养.
When he was eight years old, Frederick was sent to work for the Auld family in Baltimore, Maryland.
8岁时,弗雷德里克被派往马里兰州巴尔的摩的奥德家族工作.
When Frederick first arrived, Mrs.
弗雷德里克第一次来的时候,夫人.
Auld helped teach him the alphabet.
奥德帮助教他字母表.
Then her husband stopped her— an educated slave would just want to be free, he said.
然后她的丈夫拦住她——一个受过教育的奴隶只想自由,他说.
So Frederick read the newspaper in secret to practice his skills.
于是弗雷德里克秘密地读了报纸来练习他的技能.
For some time, Frederick struggled to understand the word abolition.
一段时间来,弗雷德里克为理解废除这个词而挣扎.
Whenever a slave ran away or did something a slaveholder didn’t like, abolition was blamed.
当奴隶逃跑或做奴隶持有者不喜欢的事时,
Frederick tried looking up the word in the dictionary, but it just said “the act of abolishing.”
Frederick试图在词典中查找这个词,但它只是说“废除的行为。 “
What was being abolished?
什么是被废除的?
In 1831, Frederick read in the newspaper about the abolition movement and the people trying to end slavery.
1831年,弗雷德里克在报纸上阅读了废除运动和试图结束奴隶制的人们.
Now he understood— some white people wanted to abolish slavery, too!
现在他明白了 有些白人也想废除奴隶制!
Frederick also learned that blacks were free in some states, and he began dreaming of escape.
弗雷德里克也得知一些州黑人是自由的,他开始梦想逃跑.
“Once you learn to read,” Douglass wrote later in life, “you will be forever free.”
“一旦你学会阅读,”道格拉斯在后世写道,“你将永远自由。 “
Escape!
走开!
For years, Frederick had lived the easier life of a slave in the city.
多年来,弗雷德里克在城市里过着一个奴隶的更轻松的生活.
At fifteen, he was sent to work on a farm as a field hand for Edward Covey, a man known as a “slave breaker.”
15岁时,他被派往农场工作,作为爱德华·科维(Edward Covey)的野外手,此人被称为“奴隶破坏者”。 “
Covey beat slaves, including Frederick.
科维击败了奴隶,包括弗雷德里克.
For six months, Frederick took Covey’s beatings until one day Frederick fought back.
六个月来,弗雷德里克接了科维的殴打,直到有一天弗雷德里克反击.
The fight lasted for nearly two hours.
这场战斗持续了将近两个小时.
Once Covey let him go, he never tried to beat him again.
科维放他走后,他再也没有试图打败他.
Still, Frederick continued to dream of freedom.
尽管如此,弗雷德里克继续梦想着自由.
Frederick worked on his literacy, too.
弗雷德里克也研究他的识字能力.
He even joined a debate club, where he met Anna Murray, a free black woman.
他甚至加入了一个辩论会俱乐部,在那里他遇到了自由黑人女性安娜·默里.
Together, Anna and Frederick planned his escape.
安娜和弗雷德里克一起策划了他的出逃.
Dressed in a sailor’s uniform and carrying a free man’s passport, Frederick traveled by train to New York.
Frederick穿着水手制服并携带免费男子护照,乘火车前往纽约。
The escape took a little less than twenty-four hours, but as Frederick later wrote, “I lived more in one day than in a year of my slave life.”
逃跑的时间略少于24小时,但正如弗雷德里克后来所写道的,“我一天活的比一年活活活的多。 “
Speaking to audiences years later, Frederick would say, “I appear before you this evening as a thief and a robber.
数年后,弗雷德里克在对听众讲话时会说:“我今晚作为小偷和强盗出现在你们面前。
I stole this head, these limbs, this body from my master and ran off with them.”
我偷了这头,这些四肢,这具尸体 从我的主人,并跑走了。 “
Escaping didn’t mean that a slave like Frederick was truly free.
逃脱并不意味着像弗雷德里克这样的奴隶是真正的自由.
Slaves who made it to a free state could live as if they were free.
来到自由国的奴隶可以活得像自由一样.
Yet they could still be seized and taken back to a slave state.
然而,他们仍可能被扣押并被带回奴隶国。
Frederick sent for Anna to join him, and they were married in 1838.
弗雷德里克派安娜加入他,两人于1838年结婚.
Since Frederick could still be caught and forced back into slavery, the newlyweds changed their name to Douglass.
由于弗雷德里克仍然可能被抓住并被逼回奴隶制,新婚夫妇更名为道格拉斯.
They settled in New Bedford, Massachusetts, and had five children together.
他们定居于马萨诸塞州新贝德福德并育有五个孩子.
A Railroad for Runaways A secret group of people organized to help runaway slaves in the 1800s.
逃逸者的铁路 1800年代组织起来帮助逃亡奴隶的秘密团体.
This network came to be called the Underground Railroad.
这个网络被称为"地下铁路".
Places with food, clothing, and shelter were called safe houses or stations.
有食物、衣服和住所的地方称为安全屋或站。
Because many runaways traveled on foot, people helping the slaves—known as conductors or stationmasters—tried to provide a station every fifteen miles.
由于许多离家出走的人徒步旅行,人们帮助奴隶——被称为指挥员或站长——试图每15英里提供一座站台。
Frederick Douglass stayed in safe houses when he first escaped.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯第一次出逃时一直待在安全屋.
He himself later became a stationmaster in Rochester, New York, helping some slaves escape to Canada.
他本人后来成为了纽约州罗切斯特的站长,帮助一些奴隶逃到加拿大.
Writing and Speaking Slaveholders argued that slaves weren’t smart enough to be free.
奴隶拥有者认为奴隶不够聪明,
Each time Douglass spoke at antislavery meetings, he proved them wrong.
道格拉斯每次在反奴隶制会议上发言,他都证明他们错了.
Yet he spoke so well that some whites refused to believe he had ever been a slave.
但是他说话那么好,以至于一些白人拒绝相信自己曾经是奴隶.
To prove he had been a slave, Douglass wrote an autobiography.
为了证明他是奴隶,道格拉斯写了自传.
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass was published in 1845.
1845年出版了"弗雷德里克·道格拉斯生平记事".
Critics said that the book, like Douglass, was fake: no slave could write so well, they argued.
批评者说,这本书和道格拉斯一样是伪造的:没有一个奴隶能写得这么好,他们争论.
Yet the book was a huge success and convinced many people that a slave could have a great mind.
然而这本书取得了巨大成功并说服了许多人,奴隶可以有一个伟大的思想.
At the same time, the book included details that could have led to Douglass’s arrest.
同时,这本书包含了可能导致道格拉斯被捕的细节.
In order to avoid capture, Douglass left the country on a two-year speaking tour.
为了避免被俘,道格拉斯出道了两年的演讲之旅.
An electrifying speaker, Douglass was a star in England.
道格拉斯是英国的一位明星。
Fans there raised $711 to buy Douglass’s freedom.
粉丝在那里筹集了711美元购买道格拉斯的自由.
When Douglass returned to the United States in 1848, he founded a newspaper.
1848年道格拉斯回到美国后,他创办了报纸.
He also wrote thousands of speeches and editorials calling for an end to slavery.
他还撰写了数千篇演说和社论,呼吁结束奴隶制.
“I expose slavery in this country,” wrote Douglass, “because to expose it is to kill it.
Douglass写道:“我揭露这个国家的奴隶制,
Slavery is one of those monsters of darkness to whom the light of truth is death.”
奴隶制是黑暗中的怪物之一 真理之光就是死亡 “
One of his most famous speeches was “What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?”
他最出名的演讲之一是“奴隶对国庆是什么? “
In it, Douglass surprised his audience by asking questions about what Independence Day meant for slaves and former slaves.
在其中道格拉斯惊奇地问道独立日对奴隶和前奴隶的意义是什么.
“What have I, or those I represent, to do with your national independence?
“我或我所代表的人与贵国的独立有什么关系?
Are the great principles of political freedom and of natural justice.
政治自由和自然正义的伟大原则。
extended to us?”
延伸给我们? “
Land of the Free By the Civil War, Douglass was the most famous black man in the United States.
自由之地 至南北战争,道格拉斯是美国最出名的黑人.
In 1863, he served as President Lincoln’s advisor on the Emancipation Proclamation, an order that freed most of the slaves.
1863年他出任林肯总统"解放宣言"的顾问,这一命令释放了大部分奴隶.
Some historians think Douglass helped inspire Lincoln’s famous Gettysburg Address.
一些历史学家认为道格拉斯帮助鼓舞了林肯著名的"葛底斯堡地址".
Douglass also convinced Lincoln to allow black soldiers to fight for the North.
道格拉斯还相信 林肯允许黑人士兵为北方出战.
When they did, two of Douglass’s sons were among them.
当他们这样做的时候,道格拉斯的两个儿子也加入了其中.
Douglass’s writing and speaking helped end slavery with the Thirteenth Amendment, passed after the Civil War ended in 1865.
道格拉斯的写作和演讲帮助结束了奴隶制与"第十三修正案",1865年内战结束后通过.
Three years later, the Fourteenth Amendment gave citizenship to former slaves.
三年后,"第十四修正案"授予了前奴隶公民身份.
In 1870, the Fifteenth Amendment gave every male citizen, even former slaves, the right to vote.
1870年,第十五修正案赋予了每个男性公民,甚至前奴隶,选举权.
Douglass and President Lincoln After Lincoln died, Douglass spoke about him at a memorial in Lincoln’s honor.
道格拉斯和林肯总统在林肯去世后,道格拉斯在为林肯所纪念的纪念碑上谈到他.
The crowd gave Douglass a standing ovation, and the president’s widow, Mary Todd Lincoln, gave him Lincoln’s favorite walking stick in appreciation.
人群给道格拉斯一个站立的口吻,总统的遗孀玛丽·托德·林肯(Mary Todd Lincoln)给了他林肯最喜爱的行走棒以示赞赏.
The walking stick still rests in Douglass’s house.
步行棒还留在道格拉斯家。
Douglass and Women’s Rights Douglass fought for women’s rights until the day he died.
道格拉斯和妇女权利道格拉斯为争取妇女权利而战,直到他去世.
In 1920, the states ratified the Nineteenth Amendment, giving women the right to vote.
1920年,各州批准了第十九修正案,赋予妇女选举权.
Douglass wanted the United States to truly become a “land of the free” for blacks, women, Native Americans, and immigrants, too.
道格拉斯希望美国真正成为黑人、妇女、美洲原住民和移民的“自由之地”。
“I would unite with anybody to do right and with nobody to do wrong,” Douglass said.
Douglass说,“我愿意与任何人团结起来,做对的事,与任何人一起做错事。”
He continued to fight for equality for the rest of his life.
他一生不断为平等而奋斗.
Douglass died on February 20, 1895.
道格拉斯于1895年2月20日去世.
Today, Douglass is often called the father of the civil rights movement.
今天道格拉斯经常被称作"民权运动之父".
He changed the way the country thought about slavery and race.
他改变了这个国家对奴隶制和种族的看法.
He left behind words to continue to inspire Americans, including this motto: “Right is of no sex, truth is of no color.”
他留下了文字来继续激励美国人,包括这个格言: “权利不分性别,真理不分肤色。 “