Numbers
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Small Families.
4 小家庭。
5 Bands.
5个乐队。
8 Herds.
8个群.
11 Societies.
11个社会。
13 Conclusion.
13 结论。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Introduction Did you know that a group of giraffes is a tower?
导言 你知道一群长颈鹿是一座塔吗?
Or that a group of crows is a murder?
还是一群乌鸦是谋杀?
There are also pods of whales, swarms of bees, and schools of fish.
也存在鲸鱼群,蜂群群和鱼类群.
All these unique names point out something important: many animals live in groups.
所有这些独特的名称都指出了一些重要的东西:许多动物是群居的.
Yet other animals, such as tigers, moles, and sloths, live just fine all alone.
然而其他的动物,如虎,地鼠,和猪笼草,却独自生活。
So why do some animals team up, and how does each animal fit into its group?
那么为什么一些动物会组成团队, 并且每个动物是如何融入其群体?
Fun names for animal groups include an army of caterpillars, a bask of crocodiles, a mob of emus, and a crash of rhinos.
动物团体的趣名包括一队毛毛虫,一盆鳄鱼,一团乌鸦和一团犀牛相撞.
Small Families A small family is made up of parents and their young.
小型家庭 一个小家庭由父母和年幼者组成.
For some animals, such as skunks, cheetahs, orangutans, and grizzly bears, a family is a mother that raises her babies.
对于一些动物,如臭鼬,猎豹,猩猩等,和灰熊,一个家庭是抚养婴儿的母亲.
For others, including penguins, parrots, foxes, and finches, both mothers and fathers bring up their young.
对其他人来说,包括企鹅、鹦鹉、狐狸和鳍鱼,母亲和父亲都抚养他们的年轻。
Small families often have close bonds.
小家庭往往关系密切。
Mother cheetahs groom their babies by licking them.
猎豹妈妈通过舔来给孩子新礼仪
Baby bears play with each other and their parents.
婴儿熊相与父母相玩.
Crane parents dance together, seabirds call, and fox families pounce and play.
鹤父母相会起舞,海鸟相会,狐狸相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相会相
These bonds encourage members of the family to care for and protect each other.
这些纽带鼓励家庭成员互相照顾和保护。
Solitary Animals Some animals, such as bears, moose, and certain wildcats, do not benefit from group living.
单体动物 一些动物,如熊,麋鹿,以及某些野猫,不能从群体活中得益.
Solitary animals live alone— except when they are raising young—to avoid competing with their own kind for mates or territory.
独居的动物——除非幼年时——单独生活,以避免与自己的同类争夺伴侣或领地。
The main job of small families is caring for the young.
小家庭的主要工作是照顾年轻人。
Some families only stay together until the young can live on their own.
有些家庭只能呆在一起,直到年轻人能够独自生活。
A mother moose and her calf stay side by side for about a year.
一只母鹿和她的幼崽并肩待了一年左右.
When the calf is grown, it leaves.
犊子长大后会离开.
After that, moose live solitary lives.
之后,麋鹿过着孤独的生活.
Other families last for the long term.
其他家庭则长期存在。
Pairs of albatrosses, which are large seabirds, stick together for life.
信天翁的一对是大海鸟,它们会永远在一起。
That’s saying a lot since albatrosses can live more than fifty years!
信天翁能活五十多岁,
An albatross pair take turns caring for their egg.
信天翁双人轮流照顾自己的卵.
Animals that form small families often have helpless young.
形成小家庭的动物往往有无助的年轻.
Most are birds or mammals.
多数是鸟类或哺乳动物.
Bird parents must feed babies until they can fly.
鸟父母必须喂养婴儿直到能飞.
Baby mammals nurse from their mothers.
母亲的婴儿哺乳动物护士
A few other kinds of animals form small families as well.
其他几类动物也组成了小家庭.
For example, mother crocodiles guard their babies from hungry fish or birds.
例如,母鳄会保护婴儿免受饥饿的鱼或鸟类的侵扰.
Clown fish fathers fan fresh water over their eggs to care for them.
小丑鱼的父亲喜欢淡水 过他们的鸡蛋照顾他们。
Small families make sure the young grow big, healthy, and skilled enough to survive on their own.
小型家庭确保年轻人长大大、健康并掌握足够的技能,以便自己生存。
Some babies are born ready to live on their own.
有些婴儿生来就准备自己生活.
Others, such as this crocodile, need the care of a family.
其他人,比如这个鳄鱼, 需要照顾一个家庭。
Bands Animal families can be small or large.
动物家庭可以是小的也可以是大.
Some animals live in bands, or extended families.
有的动物活在乐队里,或者大家庭里.
Bands include mothers, fathers, young, grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, and other relatives.
乐队包括母亲,父亲,年轻,外祖父母,姨妈,叔叔,堂兄弟等亲属.
Some bands include unrelated animals.
一些乐队包括了无关的动物.
They are usually mates of the family members.
他们通常是家庭成员的伴侣。
Rarely, a band will adopt another animal that has no band.
一个乐队会收养另一个没有乐队的动物
Lions, wolves, whales, dolphins, monkeys, chimps, and elephants all live in bands.
狮子,狼,鲸,海豚,猴子,黑猩猩,和大象都以乐队为生.
Bands work together to raise young.
乐队合作培养年轻.
Some adult animals watch the young while others find food.
有的成年动物会看着年轻人,有的则会找到食物.
Siblings, cousins, and other youngsters all play together.
兄弟姐妹,堂兄弟,以及其他年轻人都一起玩
A band of elephants often consists of only females, but sometimes male elephants join a family group.
一群大象往往只由女性组成,但有时会由男性大象加入一个家庭群体.
Bands also work together to find food.
乐队也合作寻找食物.
Wolves, lions, and dolphins are famous for using sophisticated teamwork to hunt prey.
狼,狮子和海豚都以使用精密的团队合作来猎取猎物而出名.
An elephant matriarch, often the oldest female, leads her family to remote food and water sources as they follow behind in single file.
大象母猪,常常是最年长的雌性,会让家人在单行本中跟随后去到偏远的食物和水源地.
Many bands also work together to defend a territory.
许多乐队也合作保卫一地.
Life in a band can be complex.
乐队里的生活可能很复杂.
Often, one or two animals act as leaders.
通常,一两只动物充当领跑者.
In some groups, such as elephant bands, leadership passes peacefully from parent to young.
在一些团体中,如大象乐队,领导才能从父母和平地传递到年轻.
Chimps and monkeys, on the other hand, can be competitive over mates or territory.
另一方面,黑猩猩和猴子可以比对伴侣或领地竞争.
Followers try to take control and may flash their teeth to challenge others.
追随者试图控制并可能闪出牙齿来挑战他人.
They team up with other followers or even fight the leader.
他们与其他追随者联手,甚至与领袖出战.
Lions live in groups called prides, which often have far fewer males than females.
狮子生活在被称作自傲的群体中,其雄性往往比雌性要少得多.
Bands work best when members get along.
乐队在成员相处时效果最好.
Band leaders have more power when they have more support.
乐队领袖在获得更多支持时拥有更强大的力量.
Members of bands strengthen their bonds by grooming, playing, or relaxing together.
乐队的成员通过培养,演奏,或一起放松来强化他们的纽带.
They also communicate with sound, scent, and movement.
它们也用声音、气味和运动来交流。
Elephants rumble and trumpet to express themselves.
大象鸣叫和小号来表达自己
Wolves and wild dogs leave scent marks as a way to claim territory and recognize each other.
狼和野狗留下了气味痕迹,以此来要求领地并互相认识.
Groups as large as bands use behaviors like these to cooperate.
像乐队一样庞大的团体利用这样的行为进行合作.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Some of the smartest animals on Earth—dolphins, chimps, and elephants—live in bands.
地球上一些最聪明的动物——海豚、黑猩猩和大象——生活在乐队中。
Some scientists think that high intelligence helps these animals keep track of complex relationships within their groups.
一些科学家认为高智能有助于这些动物追踪其群体内部的复杂关系.
Members of wolf packs lick each other to communicate and bond.
狼群的成员互相舔去交流和纽带.
Herds Groups even bigger than bands have learned to work together.
比乐队还多的牧群团体学会了合作
Imagine the African savanna.
想象一下非洲的草原
Grazing animals move across the land as far as the eye can see.
放牧的动物在陆地上移动 眼睛可以看到。
Herds of mammals, flocks of birds, and schools of fish are some of the largest animal groups.
哺乳动物群,鸟群群群和鱼类学校是一些最大的动物群.
All of these groups, generally known as herds, take advantage of their large numbers to stay safe from predators.
所有这些群体,一般被称作"牧群",利用它们的大量数量来躲避捕食者.
Lions can easily attack a single zebra.
狮子可以轻易地攻击一头斑马.
However, they have trouble picking one out of a crowd, especially when that crowd is on the run.
然而,他们很难从人群中挑出一个,特别是在人群在逃亡时.
Family Herds Some herds and flocks are made up of small families.
家庭牧民 有的羊群和羊群由小家庭组成.
One example is penguin colonies, in which thousands of parents raise their chicks.
一个例子是企鹅聚居地,那里有上千名家长抚养自己的雏鸟.
A herd of caribou migrate together.
一群驯鹿一起迁徙
More animals also means more eyes.
更多的动物也意味着更多的眼睛.
If one gazelle spots a cheetah, it sounds the alarm by making a honking sound.
如果一只瞪羚发现一只猎豹 它发出喇叭声来发出警报
Then the whole herd has a chance to get away.
然后整个牧群都有机会逃脱.
For these reasons, many animals live in herds to raise young.
出于这些原因,许多动物活在群中以幼年为生.
The large group helps protect the babies.
大型团体帮助保护婴儿。
Members of herds often communicate.
牧群成员经常进行交流.
In addition to using alarm calls to warn of predators, they use calls to help everyone stick together.
除了使用警报来警告掠食者外,他们还使用呼叫来帮助大家团结.
However, unlike families and bands, herds do not form bonds.
然而,与家庭和乐队不同,牧群并不形成债券.
Above all else, each member of a herd looks out for itself.
最重要的是,一个畜群的每个成员 都为自己着想。
Individual herd members, such as this springbok, watch out for predators while the others graze.
个体的牧群成员,如这个"春波",注意捕食者,而其他人则会放牧.
Societies It is amazing enough that groups as large as herds have figured out how to cooperate.
社会 足够令人惊奇的是,像牧群这样庞大的团体已经知道如何合作。
Another kind of group, called a society, has thousands or even hundreds of thousands of individuals.
另一种叫作"社会"的群体,有上千甚至上十万个人.
Unlike herds, societies are organized.
与牧群不同,社会是有组织的.
The members work together for the good of the group.
成员共同为团体谋福利.
Very few animals form societies, and nearly all of those that do are insects, including ants, termites, bees, and some wasps.
很少有动物组成社会,几乎所有的动物都是昆虫,包括蚂蚁,白蚁,蜜蜂,以及一些黄蜂.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
The naked mole rat is one of the few noninsects to form a society.
裸鼠鼠是少数组成社会的非昆虫之一.
Naked mole rats have queens and workers.
裸鼠老鼠有皇后和工人
Some scientists also classify humans as an animal society.
一些科学家还将人类归类为动物社会.
Unlike other societies, humans can work with others who are not related.
与其他社会不同的是,人类可以与没有亲属关系的其他人合作.
Every member of a society works for the group rather than for itself.
一个社会的每个成员都为这个群体工作,而不是为自己工作。
In a society, every member has a job.
在一个社会中,每个成员都有一份工作。
Workers gather food, nurses care for the young, and soldiers protect the group.
工人收集食物,护士照顾年轻人,士兵保护这个群体。
Some insect workers even have different kinds of bodies to help them do their jobs!
有些昆虫工人甚至有不同种类的身体来帮助他们做活活!
Usually, one queen lays all the eggs.
通常,一个后产出所有的蛋.
This means that every member of a society is related.
这意味着一个社会的每个成员都是有关系的.
Insect societies can do incredible things.
昆虫社会可以做不可思议的事情.
Leaf- and grass-cutter ants chop up leaves, bring them into their nests, and use them to fertilize fungus farms.
叶子和花生蚂蚁将叶子切开,将叶子带入巢中,再用来给真菌养殖场取肥.
Bees build wax cells for their own special food—honey.
蜜蜂为自己的特有食物——蜂蜜——建立蜡细胞.
Ants create scent trails to help each other find food and bring it back to the nest.
蚂蚁创造出香道来相助寻找食物并带回巢穴.
Termites build mounds over 5 meters (17 ft.)
白蚁建造了5米(17英尺)以上的山丘.
tall.
高个子。
Considering the size of a termite, these mounds are like giant skyscrapers.
考虑到白蚁的大小,这些地丘就像巨大的摩天大楼.
Societies can do all this because everyone works together.
社会可以做到这一点,因为每个人都共同努力。
A soldier ant (left) has big jaws and a big body to defend the nest.
士兵蚂蚁 (左) 有大下巴和大身体来保卫巢穴.
A worker ant (right) is much smaller.
工人蚂蚁(右)小得多.
Conclusion Many kinds of animals live in groups, from tiny termites to enormous elephants.
结论 许多种类的动物群居,从小白蚁到巨大的大象.
Groups help animals raise and protect young.
团体帮助动物饲养并保护年轻.
They help members find food.
他们帮助会员找到食物。
They can even build structures together.
他们甚至可以一起建造结构.
Though groups come in different sizes and different styles, they all help animals survive.
虽然团体的大小和风格不同,但它们都帮助动物生存.
Although each animal group is different, every group helps its members survive.
虽然每个动物群体不同,但每个群体都帮助其成员生存.
Glossary competitive (adj.)
词汇竞争性(adj.)
(adj.)
(中文(简体) ).