and Moths
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 What Are Butterflies and Moths?
四是蝴蝶和蛾子吗?
5 Life Cycle.
5 生命周期。
8 Life as an Adult.
8 生活作为一个成年人。
13 Conclusion.
13 结论。
18 Glossary.
18 词汇。
19 Index.
19 指数。
20 Introduction Butterflies and moths can be beautiful to watch.
20 导言蝴蝶和蛾可以美观.
People plant gardens to attract butterflies.
人们种植花圃来吸引蝴蝶.
Butterflies at zoos and city gardens draw large crowds.
动物园和城市花园的蝴蝶吸引了大批人群.
However, no one builds a garden to attract moths.
然而,没有人建造花园来吸引蛾子.
Many people think of moths as pests.
许多人认为蛾是害虫.
So, how are butterflies and moths the same, and how are they different?
那么,蝴蝶和蛾子是怎样一样的, 它们有什么不同?
What makes a butterfly a butterfly?
什么让蝴蝶变成蝴蝶?
What makes a moth a moth?
是什么使蛾子成为蛾子?
To answer these questions, we need to learn about their body parts, life cycle, and behavior.
为了回答这些问题,我们需要了解他们的身体部位,生命周期和行为.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
The largest butterfly in the world is the Queen Alexandra’s birdwing.
世界上最大的蝴蝶是亚历山德拉女王的"鸟翼".
From wingtip to wingtip it can be as wide as 30 cm (12 in).
从翼尖到翼尖可宽至30厘米(12英寸).
It is found in Papua New Guinea.
该种分布于巴布亚新几内亚.
What Are Butterflies and Moths?
什么是蝴蝶和蛾子?
Butterflies and moths are insects.
蝴蝶和飞蛾是昆虫.
Like all insect species, they are invertebrates, which means they have no backbone.
与所有昆虫物种一样,它们都是无脊椎动物,这意味着它们没有骨干.
Instead, they have a hard skin, called an exoskeleton, that protects their soft insides.
相反,它们有一个坚硬的皮肤,叫做外骨骼(exoskeleton)来保护它们软的内脏.
They also have six legs, a body divided into three parts, two antennae, and two compound eyes.
它们也拥有六条腿,一具身体被分作三部分,两个天线,和两个复合眼.
Their wings are covered with scales, which are like fine, flat hairs.
它们的翅膀被鳞片所覆盖,它们就像细而平平的发.
These scales protect the wings from getting too wet and help them hold in heat.
这些鳞片能保护翅膀免受太湿并帮助他们保持高温.
Butterflies cannot fly if they are too cold.
如果蝴蝶太冷,它们不会飞
They often sit in the sun to warm up before flying.
它们经常会坐在太阳下以在飞行前取暖.
Butterflies and moths have many of the same body parts, so it is easy to see why people have trouble telling them apart.
蝴蝶和蛾子有许多相同的身体部位,因此很容易看出人们为什么难以将它们分开说.
Head • Compound eyes made up of many smaller eyes allowing them to see all around them • Antennae to smell and to sense movement • Mouth is a long tube for sucking nectar Thorax • Two pairs of wings • Three pairs of legs • Breathing holes Abdomen • Digestive organs • Reproductive organs • Breathing holes Do You Know?
• 口腔是吸取花蜜的长管; 双相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相 三双腿 呼吸孔 Abdomen 消化器官 生殖器官 呼吸孔 你知道吗?
More than 165,000 kinds, or species, of butterflies and moths exist.
蝴蝶和蛾科有16.5万多种,或称物种.
Most of these are moths.
这些大多是飞蛾.
It is believed that another 100,000 species exist that have not been studied or identified.
据信,另有10万个物种尚未研究或鉴定.
However, butterflies and moths are also different from each other in many ways.
然而,蝴蝶和飞蛾在很多方面也是不同的.
The next time you find a butterfly or moth, use this chart to help you tell which kind of insect you have found.
下次你找到蝴蝶或飞蛾时,用这个图表来帮助你告诉你发现了哪种昆虫.
Life Cycle After a pair of male and female butterflies or moths mate, the female lays her eggs.
生命周期 在一对雌雄蝴蝶或蛾相交后,雌鸟会产卵.
She lays them on or near leaves, twigs, or flowers so that her young will have something to eat when they hatch.
她把它们放入或靠近叶子,树枝上,或花朵上,这样她幼年时就会有食物来孵出.
Butterflies Most are active during the day.
蝴蝶队 大多数人白天很活跃。
Most are brightly colored.
多数颜色明亮.
Skinny body without “fur” Most have antennae with knobs.
多数人有带接头的天线。
Most rest with their wings above their body.
多数人用翅膀在身体上方休息.
Enlarged lobe on each hind wing that provides overlap Moths Most are active at night.
每个后翼上都有大叶子,可产生重叠 蛾子 大部分在夜间活动.
Most are dull in color.
大部分是沉闷的颜色。
“Fat, furry” body Plain or feathery anten- nae Most rest with their wings spread out flat at the sides of their body.
“肥、毛”身体平原或有羽毛的Anten-nae 多数人用翅膀平地向身体侧面放出。
When eggs hatch, caterpillars come out.
卵孵出后会出毛虫.
This begins the larval stage of the butterfly and moth life cycle.
这开始了蝴蝶和蛾子生命周期的幼虫阶段.
Caterpillars have chewing mouth parts and can eat 27,000 times their body weight during their lifetime.
毛虫有咀嚼口部位,在生前可以吃到27,000倍的体重.
Their egg case is often their first meal, followed by the leaf or flower they’re on, and then the rest of the plant.
它们的卵壳往往是它们的第一顿饭, 紧接着是它们所开的花叶,
A caterpillar’s job is to eat and grow.
毛毛虫的工作是吃吃吃吃吃吃养活。
As it grows, its skin becomes tight and breaks away.
随着它的生长,它的皮肤会变得紧凑而分崩离析.
A new skin grows in its place to allow the caterpillar to get bigger.
新的皮肤会生长在它的原地,让毛虫变大.
This is called molting.
这叫"倒地"
A caterpillar molts four or five times during its life.
毛虫在生平中会分出四五次.
The caterpillar is fully grown after about two weeks.
毛毛虫在大约两周后完全长出.
The life of caterpillars is filled with danger.
毛虫的生命充满了危险.
They are food for many larger animals, such as lizards, birds, bats, and small mammals.
它们是许多更大型动物的食物,如蜥蜴,鸟类,蝙蝠和小型哺乳动物.
Caterpillars have many interesting ways to protect themselves from being eaten.
毛虫有许多有趣的方法来保护自己不被吃.
Some caterpillars have spines and other hairs that make them taste bad to predators.
有的毛虫有脊椎和其他发型,使其对捕食者品味不好.
Others have colors or patterns on their bodies that make them appear more dangerous than they are.
另一些人身上有颜色或图案,使其看起来比现在更危险.
Caterpillars also can be masters at hiding, blending in with their background, or staying still until night comes, or until the danger goes away.
毛毛虫也可以是隐藏的主人,与背景相混合,或者停留到晚上,或者直到危险消失.
The swallowtail butterfly caterpillar has red horns that release a strong odor to keep away predators.
燕尾蝴蝶毛虫有红色的角能释放出强烈的气味来使捕食者远离.
Many caterpillars feed on plants that make them taste bad to birds and other enemies.
许多毛虫以植物为食,使鸟类和其他敌人的口味不好.
These caterpillars often are brightly colored to warn others: Do not eat me!
这些毛毛虫经常亮出颜色来警告别人: 别吃我!
Owl butterfly caterpillar A swallowtail caterpillar crawls out of its egg.
猫头鹰蝴蝶毛虫 燕尾毛虫从蛋里爬出
Just a few hours after the pupal stage begins, different mouth parts, legs, new muscles, and tiny wings begin to form.
幼虫阶段刚开始几小时, 不同的口部,腿部,新的肌肉, 和很小的翅膀开始形成。
The change from pupa to adult can take a few weeks.
从pupa到成人的改变需要几个星期.
The entire change from egg to larva to pupa, and then to adult, is called metamorphosis.
从卵到幼虫到幼虫,再到成年的整个变化称为变形.
When the adult is fully formed, it breaks out of the case.
成年后完全成型,便被破案.
Its wings, which are damp and crumpled, must expand, dry, and harden before the insect can fly.
它的翅膀被潮湿和被挤压,必须在昆虫能飞起之前被扩大,干燥并硬化.
When the butterfly or moth comes out of its chrysalis, it is adult in size and will not grow any more.
蝴蝶或蛾子从其克丽萨利出后,其体型已成年而不再生长.
When a caterpillar is fully grown, it enters the pupal stage.
毛毛虫完全生长后会进入幼虫阶段.
In this stage, a caterpillar slowly changes into an adult.
在这个阶段,毛虫会慢慢地变成成人.
It appears dead from the outside, but amazing changes are happening inside.
它似乎从外部消失, 但惊人的变化正在内部发生。
The caterpillars of most butterflies enter this stage by sticking their back end onto a twig, leaf, or other object.
大多数蝴蝶的毛毛虫通过将后端插入树枝,叶子或其他物体来进入这个阶段.
The last molt leaves a soft pupal skin that hardens into a case called a chrysalis.
最后的摩尔特留下了柔软的毛皮,将硬化成一个叫"克瑞萨利"的病例.
The caterpillars of many moths go through the pupal stage underground or on the ground.
许多飞蛾的毛毛虫会从地上或地上穿行于平顶台.
Others spin a cocoon to protect themselves.
有的人自相残杀来保护自己
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
The pupa cannot move to escape predators.
小熊不能移动来躲避掠食者.
Many butterfly chrysalises are well hidden by looking like a dead leaf or piece of bark.
许多蝴蝶克丽莎莉花被像枯叶或树皮一样隐藏得很好.
Some chrysalises are poisonous and are brightly colored to tell predators that they are not good to eat.
有些克瑞萨利是有毒的,并有明亮的颜色来告诉捕食者它们不擅长吃.
This Puss moth cocoon blends in with tree bark to keep predators from seeing it.
这种猫蛾茧会和树皮相混合 防止捕食者看到它
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
For most butterflies and moths, life is short!
对于大多数蝴蝶和飞蛾来说,生命是短暂的!
Adults live for two weeks to two months, except for the monarch, which can live from nine to twelve months.
成年人活了两周至两个月,但君主除外,君主可以活9至12个月.
This photo shows three stages of metamorphosis.
这张照片显示了三个相变阶段.
Life as an Adult Adult butterflies and moths come in many shapes, sizes, and colors.
成年成年蝴蝶和飞蛾的生活有多种形状,大小和颜色.
Many butterflies are brightly colored, but others are white or light colored.
许多蝴蝶花有明亮的花色,而其他花色为白色或浅色.
While many moths have dull colors, some, such as the luna moth, have amazing colors or patterns.
虽然许多飞蛾的花色乏味,但有的,如露娜飞蛾有惊人的花色或图案.
Adult butterflies and moths have many enemies.
成年蝴蝶和飞蛾有许多敌人.
They need to be as careful as caterpillars not to get eaten.
它们需要像毛虫一样小心 以免被吃掉
Even though adult butterflies and moths can fly, many animals that hunt them—such as birds and bats—can fly, too.
尽管成年蝴蝶和飞蛾可以飞行,但许多捕食它们的动物——如鸟和蝙蝠——也可以飞行。
Adult butterflies and moths, like caterpillars, have many ways to hide to stay safe from predators.
成年蝴蝶和飞蛾,同毛虫一样,有多种方法可以躲避捕食者.
Some have patterns on their wings that help them to blend in with nature.
有些翅膀上有图案 帮助它们融入大自然
Many patterns look exactly like leaves or flowers.
许多图案看起来完全像叶子或花.
Other butterflies and moths have bright patterns on their wings, such as spots that look like eyes, to scare away enemies.
其它蝴蝶和飞蛾的翅膀上有明亮的图案,如外表像眼睛的斑点会吓跑敌人.
Some, such as the monarch butterfly, are brightly colored to warn predators that they taste bad.
有的,如君主蝴蝶等有明亮的色彩来警告掠食者,他们品味不好.
SPOTLIGHT ON: Buckeye Butterfly Wingspan: 4.
光线 Buckeye蝴蝶翅膀: 4. 国家
2 to 7 cm (1.
2至7厘米(1.
8 in) Range: North America, from southern Canada to southern Mexico Appearance: The wings of the buckeye butterfly have large eyespots of black, blue, and yellow.
8 in)范围:北美,从加拿大南部到墨西哥南部外观: 雄鹿蝴蝶的翅膀有黑色,蓝色和黄色的大眼点.
The eyespots look like the eyes of a large animal.
眼壶外观为一大型动物的眼睛.
A predator may be scared when the buckeye shakes its wings and flashes its eyespots.
猎食者可能会被吓倒 当雄鸟摇起翅膀并闪出眼球时
This may give the butterfly an extra second or two to fly away before being eaten.
这可能会让蝴蝶在被吃掉之前多飞一两秒钟.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Lantana and butterfly bush are great plants for attracting beautiful butterflies to your garden.
兰塔娜和蝴蝶树丛是吸引美丽的蝴蝶去花园的好植物.
If you want to attract moths at night, try smearing mashed banana and honey on a tree trunk.
如果你想在晚上吸引蛾子, 尝试涂抹 香蕉和蜂蜜在树干上。
Keep watch with a flashlight.
拿着手电筒看着
A monarch feeds on butterfly bush.
君主以蝴蝶为食
Flowers pollinated by butterflies and moths often have very different shapes.
被蝴蝶和蛾花所授粉的花朵,其形状往往非常不同.
Most adult butterflies and moths feed on nectar, a sweet liquid from flowers.
多数成年蝴蝶和飞蛾以花蜜为食,是一种取自花的甜味液体.
They suck up nectar using their mouth parts, which look like a hollow tube and work like a straw that curls up when not in use.
它们用嘴部位来吸花蜜 看上去像个空心管 工作起来像吸管 在不使用时会卷起来
Butterflies and moths do not have jaws or teeth, and they do not eat solid food.
蝴蝶和蛾子没有下巴或牙齿,也不吃固体食物.
Butterflies have a good sense of sight, but a poor sense of smell.
蝴蝶有良好的视觉感,但嗅觉不佳.
The flowers they eat from are brightly colored.
所取所取所取花色相明.
Flowers often grow in groups that provide butterflies with a place to land.
花常成群地生长,为蝴蝶提供登陆地.
Butterflies often walk around flower groups, sucking nectar from each blossom with their mouth parts.
蝴蝶经常会走来走去地绕花群走去,用口腔从每朵花中吸取花蜜.
Because most moths are active at night, most of the flowers they eat from are light colored to be seen in moonlight.
由于大多数蛾花在夜间活跃,所以它们所食取的花花多为淡色来取景于月光下.
These flowers often give off a sweet smell to attract them.
这些花经常发出甜味来吸引它们.
Because moths often hover rather than land, the flowers’ petals are shaped to allow for easy eating.
由于蛾子经常徘徊而非降落,花瓣被塑造为容易吃.
Butterflies and moths have sense organs in their antennae, mouth parts, legs, feet, and other parts of their bodies.
蝴蝶和蛾子有感官器官在天线上,口部,腿部,脚部等身体上.
These sense organs help them find food, mates, and plants on which to lay eggs.
这些感官器官可以帮助它们找到食物,配体和植物来产卵.
SPOTLIGHT ON: Luna Moth Wingspan: 7.
光线 露娜·莫斯·温斯潘: 7. 联合国
5 to 11.
5对11。
3 cm (3– 4.
3厘米(3至4分) 3 cm (3至4分).
4 in) Range: Eastern and plains areas of United States and Canada Appearance: The luna moth has beautiful pastel green wings with reddish-brown edges.
范围:美国东部和平原地区以及加拿大外观: 露娜蛾有美丽的平面绿色翅膀 有红褐色的边缘.
The unusual shape of its hind wings helps it to hide among leaves when it is resting.
后翅的不寻常外形有助于它休息时躲入叶子中.
This is one of a few moths that never eat as an adult.
这是少数从未成年时进食的飞蛾之一.
It eats enough to last a lifetime while it is a caterpillar.
它的食用足以维持一生,而它是毛虫.
It spends its adult life seeking a mate and laying eggs.
它花在成年生命中寻找伴侣并产卵.
Some butterflies and moths that live in cold places migrate to warmer places before winter begins.
一些生活在寒冷地段的蝴蝶和飞蛾在冬季开始前会迁徙到更温暖地段.
The best known butterfly that migrates is the monarch butterfly.
迁徙最出名的蝴蝶是君主蝴蝶.
Monarchs in North America begin their long journey south when it begins to cool off in late summer or fall.
北美的君主在夏季后期或倒下开始冷却时开始向南走去.
Monarchs living west of the Rocky Mountains fly to several places on the California coast.
居住在洛基山脉以西的君主会飞往加利福尼亚海岸的多地.
Monarchs living east of the Rockies fly as far as 4,800 kilometers (2,982 mi) to Mexico.
居住在落基山脉以东的君主们远至4,800公里(2,982米)飞向墨西哥.
When they reach warmer places, millions of them rest in trees through the winter.
当它们到达更温暖的地方时,数百万的它们会在树上休息到冬天.
In spring, they migrate north again in search of plants on which to lay their eggs.
在春天,他们再次向北迁徙,寻找用来产卵的植物.
No one knows how monarchs find their way.
没有人知道君主如何找到自己的路.
Conclusion Over the years, people have collected butterflies and moths for scientific study and as a hobby.
结论 多年来,人们收集了蝴蝶和蛾子来作科学研究并作为一种爱好.
Scientists and others have learned a great deal about these insects from collections.
科学家等从所收集的昆虫身上学到了很多.
However, millions of these beautiful insects have lost their lives because of collectors.
然而,数百万这些美丽的昆虫因为收藏家而丧生.
Watching butterflies and moths while they are alive is much kinder and also more interesting.
在蝴蝶和蛾子活着的时候看它们更亲切,也更有趣.
You can learn a great deal about their similarities and differences just by watching them fly and feed.
你可以通过观察它们飞来了解它们的相似性和差异。
Take pictures of them or catch them in a net for a closer look (don’t touch!)
拍下他们的照片,
on the Internet or in a book.
在互联网上或一本书。
Build or visit a butterfly garden and keep a journal to record their activities.
建造或参观蝴蝶园并保存日记来记录他们的活动.
However you choose to enjoy butterflies and moths, remember that they are among nature’s most amazing insects.
无论你选择喜欢蝴蝶和蛾子,
N PACIFIC OCEAN North America (Left) Monarchs resting (Right) Monarch migration routes Do You Know?
NPACIFIC OCEAN 北美 (Left) 君主休息 (右) 君主迁徙路线你知道吗?
Do not touch butterflies or moths.
别碰蝴蝶和蛾子
The oils on human hands can hurt their wings.
人类手上的油能伤到翅膀.
No matter how gentle you try to be, you are likely to hurt them by breaking a piece of wing or rubbing off some scales.
无论你多么温柔,你都有可能通过打碎翅膀或擦出一些鳞片来伤害他们.