Woods of Wonder
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Oh, That’s Old!
内容列表 Oh,那是老了!
4 United States.
4 美国。
7 Japan.
7 日本语。
11 Russia.
11 俄罗斯。
13 The Future of Old-Growth Forests.
13 古老森林的未来。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Oh, That’s Old!
16岁,
Imagine you’re in a dark, lovely forest.
想象你在一片黑暗而可爱的森林里。
Trees with trunks wider than cars tower overhead and block almost all the sunlight.
树的树干比汽车塔还宽 几乎堵住所有的阳光
Small ferns and other plants soak up what little light they can find.
小叶子和其他植物 浸出它们能找到的小光
Pine needles and other dead leaves cover the ground.
松针等枯叶被地.
Like something out of a fairy tale, an old-growth forest is a place of wonder and mystery.
像童话故事中的东西一样,一棵古老的生长的森林是一个神奇和神秘的地方.
For some old-growth forests, this scene wouldn’t be far from the truth.
对于一些老森林来说,
Others might look quite different.
其他人看起来可能很不一样。
Some old-growth forests have only one type of tree, while others have many.
一些老生长的森林只有一种树,而另一些则有多种树.
Some may have trees that seem to touch the sky, while others have trees shorter than a house.
有的可能有树木看起来会触摸天空,有的则有树木比一所房子短.
Because of this variety, scientists do not have one definition for old-growth forests.
由于这种多样性,科学家对老森林没有一个定义。
Still, they have found some features that many old-growth forests share.
尽管如此,他们还是发现了许多老森林共有的一些特征。
Many scientists agree that an old-growth forest must be at least 150 years old.
许多科学家都同意,老生长的森林必须至少有150年的历史.
The age of each tree in the forest may vary widely, however.
然而,森林中每棵树的年龄可能差别很大。
The forest’s structure must also be complex.
森林的结构也必须是复杂的。
This means that the canopy must have varying layers with large trees, both living and dead (or dying).
这意味着树冠上必须有不同的地层,有大树,有活有活有死(或快死了).
Fallen trees create holes in the canopy where young trees can find the sunlight to grow.
倒塌的树木在树冠上会形成孔口,年轻的树木可以在那里找到能生长出阳光的阳光.
Fallen trees and upright dead trees, called snags, provide food and shelter for many animals, plants, and fungi.
倒倒倒的树木和直立的枯树被称作"斯道克",为许多动物,植物和真菌提供食物和栖息地.
Some of these species live nowhere else on Earth.
其中一些物种生活在地球上的其他地方。
Old-growth forests are some of the most beautiful and scientifically interesting places on Earth.
古老生长的森林是地球上一些最美丽和最有科学趣味的地方.
Yet because of humans, many of them have shrunk or disappeared.
然而由于人类的缘故,许多人类已经收缩或消失.
By carefully studying and protecting the ones that remain, we can understand the complex and delicate ecosystems they create.
通过仔细研究和保护所剩的生态系统,我们可以了解它们所创造的复杂而微妙的生态系统。
Sequoia vs.
(原始内容存档于2018-03-21). Sequoia vs.
Redwood Giant redwoods and giant sequoias both grow in California.
红杉巨型红杉和巨型红杉都生长在加利福尼亚.
They have the same color bark.
它们的颜色也一样
Both are huge, but they’re different.
两者都是巨大的,
Giant redwoods are the tallest trees in the world.
巨型红杉是世界上最高的树木.
They can reach up to 378 feet (115 m)!
它们能达到378英尺(115米)!
Giant sequoias are the largest.
巨大的sequoias是最大的。
At up to 40 feet (12 m) in diameter, they can grow almost twice as wide as redwoods.
其直径可达40英尺(12米),可长出近一倍于红杉.
Redwoods grow best in fog.
红杉在雾中生长得最好.
Sequoias need dry heat for their cones to open.
sequoias需要干燥的热量才能打开锥.
Redwoods grow near sea level.
红杉生长于海平面附近.
Sequoias grow at 5,000 to 7,000 feet (1,524 to 2,134 m).
sequoias生长于5000至7000英尺(1,524至2,134米).
United States Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks in California together cover more than 1,353 square miles (3,504 sq km).
美国加利福尼亚州的塞克乌亚和金斯峡谷国家公园共占地面积超过1,353平方英里(3,504平方公里).
They hold more than 300 square miles (777 sq km) of old- growth forest.
它们拥有300多平方英里(777平方千米)的老生长林.
This forest includes a variety of tree species, mostly coniferous but deciduous as well.
这种森林包括各种树种,大多数是圆形的,但也有腐烂的。
One of the most amazing of these is the giant sequoia.
其中最令人惊奇的是巨型sequoia.
Found only in California, these huge trees are among the oldest on Earth.
只在加利福尼亚发现的,这些巨大的树木是地球上最古老的.
They can live for more than 3,000 years.
能活三千多岁.
A giant sequoia known as the General Sherman Tree is the largest tree in the world.
被称作"谢尔曼将军树"的一棵巨型sequoia是世界上最大的一棵树.
Thousands of creatures live in the park, including the Pacific fisher.
公园内有上千个生物,包括太平洋渔民.
This relative of the weasel lives under the thick canopy in old-growth forests.
这只黄鼠狼的亲戚住在老林中厚厚的树冠下.
It hunts birds and small mammals—but its favorite meal is porcupine.
它捕食鸟类和小型哺乳动物,但其最喜爱的一餐是小猪.
Because its habitat is limited to old-growth forests, it is now rare in California, Oregon, and Washington.
由于它的栖息地仅限于老生常谈的森林,因此现在在加利福尼亚州,俄勒冈州和华盛顿都非常罕见.
The General Sherman Tree is the largest tree on the planet (but not the tallest).
谢尔曼将军 树是地球上最大的一棵树(但不高).
Tough, Not Tall Not all old-growth forests feature towering trees.
很难,不高 并不是所有的老森林都以树为主
In some harsh places exposed to fierce and frigid winds, pines, spruces, and other coniferous trees become stunted and twisted.
在一些被狂风和寒冷所笼罩的严酷地方,松树,花生等花生树变得发育不良并扭曲.
These trees are called Krummholz, a German word meaning “crooked wood.”
这些树被称作克伦姆霍尔兹(Krummholz),一个德文词,意为"被砍伐的木材". “
They live near the Arctic and near timberline, the boundary on a mountain where the trees stop growing.
它们生活在北极附近和木材线附近,边界位于树木停止生长的山上.
They never grow much over 6 feet (1.
它们不会长得超过6英尺(1分)
8 m) tall, but don’t let their size fool you: Some are one thousand years old.
8米)高, 有些是一千岁
Across the United States in the Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee, Great Smoky Mountains National Park covers more than 800 square miles (2,072 sq km).
横跨美国北卡罗莱纳州和田纳西州的阿巴拉契亚山脉,大烟山国家公园占地800多平方英里(2,072平方公里).
Almost all of the park is forest, with old-growth forests only making up about 25 percent.
公园几乎全部是森林,而老生长的森林只占25%左右.
Deciduous trees make up most of the old-growth forests in this area.
腐朽的树木占了这个地区的老林地的大部分.
Species include dogwood, Carolina silverbell, magnolia, American beech, yellow bird, and maple, among others.
物种包括道克伍德,卡罗来纳银铃,马格诺利亚,美国相蜂,黄鸟等和枫等.
The endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel makes its home among these trees.
濒危的卡罗来纳州北部飞松鼠成为了这些树木的家园.
These small mammals don’t actually fly.
这些小哺乳动物实际上并不飞行。
They use skin attached at their front and back paws to glide.
他们用前爪和后爪上粘着的皮肤来滑翔.
They mostly eat fungi and lichens but may also feed on fruits and nuts.
它们主要吃真菌和地衣,但也可能以水果和坚果为食。
Without the old-growth forest, these animals would vanish.
没有老树林,这些动物就会消失。
Autumn is colorful in Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
大烟山国家公园出土出土"秋"多彩.
Japan In the northern part of Japan sits Shirakami-Sanchi.
日本 在日本北部坐落了实相-三地.
It’s one of the last untouched old-growth forests in East Asia.
这是东亚地区最后一片未被砍伐的老森林之一。
Made up mostly of Seibold’s beech trees, the area covers just 65 square miles (170 sq km) of the Shirakami Mountains.
面积只有65平方英里(170平方公里),
Forests like this one once covered most of northern Japan, but many have been cut down.
这种森林曾经覆盖了日本北部的大部分地区,但许多森林被砍伐了.
Almost completely untouched by humans, Shirakami-Sanchi has no trails or structures.
几乎完全被人类所未受,Shirakami-Sanchi没有踪迹或结构.
Because of its steep slopes, no trees have been cut down.
由于地势陡峭,没有砍伐树木.
Wildlife within the area is protected, although hunters called Matagi are sometimes allowed to hunt bears as part of their religion.
区内的野生动物受到保护,虽然有时允许叫"马塔吉"的猎人将猎取熊作为其宗教的一部分.
The forest is also home to the Japanese serow.
森林也为日本人所居住.
This goatlike animal is only found here and in two other small areas in Japan.
这种类似山羊的动物只在日本的另外两个小地段被发现.
More than 2,100 insect species and 87 bird species live in the forests—including the black woodpecker, an endangered species in Japan.
2100多只昆虫物种和87个鸟类物种生活在森林中——包括黑啄木鸟,是日本濒危物种.
Japanese serow Black woodpeckers A Seibold’s beech tree reaches for the sun in Shirakami-Sanchi, Japan.
日本的黑啄木鸟 A Seibold 的蜂窝树在日本的Shirakami-Sanchi为太阳而生。
Russia Russia’s Western Caucasus region stretches about 1,062 square miles (2,750 sq km) from the Black Sea to the Caucasus Mountains.
俄罗斯西高加索地区从黑海到高加索山脉的面积约为1,062平方英里(2,750平方千米).
Protected within Caucasus State Biosphere Reserve and Sochi National Park, this area shows great diversity.
在高加索国家生物圈保护区和索奇国家公园内受保护,该地区呈现出巨大的多样性.
Coniferous trees make up most of the forests.
针叶树构成森林的大部分.
Different species, such as pine, cedar, fir, and spruce—as well as beech and oak (both deciduous)—grow in different areas and at different elevations.
不同物种,如松、雪松、花生和花生,以及山毛和橡树(两种都为腐殖质),在不同的地区和高地生长。
A variety of endangered animals make their home in these forests.
各种濒危动物在这些森林中成为家园.
Some scientists think that a very small number of endangered snow leopards survive there.
一些科学家认为有极少数濒危雪豹生存在那里.
No sightings have been reported for years, but scientists still find signs of the large cats, such as paw prints and scat.
多年来没有目击报告,但科学家仍然发现有大猫的痕迹,如爪印和花猫等.
The endangered wisent, or European bison, has also been returned to the forest.
濒危的智人,即欧洲野牛,也已经被送回了森林.
The last wild wisent was killed in the Western Caucasus in 1927.
最后一位野生智者于1927年被杀死于西高加索.
People set captive wisents free in the area in 1940.
人们在1940年释放了被俘的智者。
Fallen trees like this fir can nurse along other plants in this old-growth forest in the Caucasus region of Russia.
这样的倒倒倒的树可以照护俄罗斯高加索地区 这片老林中的其他植物
The Future of Old-Growth Forests Old-growth forests often contain very complex ecosystems that have been supporting life for hundreds or even thousands of years.
古老森林的未来 古老生长的森林往往包含非常复杂的生态系统,它们支撑了生命数百年甚至数千年.
Governments, national parks, and organizations protect many of these places.
政府、国家公园和组织保护许多这些地方。
However, other old-growth forests, both small and large, are in danger.
然而,其他小型和大型的老林处于危险之中。
Human actions can damage or destroy these delicate ecosystems.
人类行动可能破坏或摧毁这些脆弱的生态系统。
Once gone, the beauty and scientific information that these old-growth forests hold may be lost forever.
一旦消失,这些古老生长的森林所蕴藏的美丽和科学信息可能永远被丢失.
Glossary canopy (n.)
词汇库(n.)
the part of a forest where the tops of trees form a dense layer of foliage (p.
树顶形成茂密叶片层的森林部分(p.
5) coniferous (adj.)
5)相和(adj.
referring to a large group of plants, mostly trees, that grow cones and have leaves shaped like needles or scales (p.
指一大批植物,多为树木,生长有圆锥形,叶片形状为针或鳞片(p.
7) deciduous (adj.)
7) 废(adj.
having leaves that drop off in the fall and grow back in the spring (p.
留有秋天掉下来的叶子,到春天再生长(p.
7) diversity (n.)
7) 多样性(n.)
a wide variety of many things (p.
多种事物(p.
13) ecosystems (n.)
13) 生态系统(n.)
communities of living things together with their habitat (p.
生物群落及其栖息地(p.
6) endangered (adj.)
6) 濒危(adj.
in danger of dying out completely (p.
处于完全死亡的危险中(p.
10) old-growth (adj.)
10) 老-增长 (adj.
of or relating to very old forests (p.
或与非常古老的森林有关的森林
4) reserve (n.)
4) 储备金(n.)
a place where wild plants and animals are protected (p.
野生植物和动物受到保护的地方(p.
13) species (n.)
13)物种 (n.
a group of living things that are physically similar and can reproduce (p.
一组在身体上相似并可以繁殖活物(p.
5) Laws prevent logging in some old-growth forests but not others.
5) 法律禁止在一些老林中进行伐木,但禁止其他森林进行伐木。
People continue to debate how much protection is enough.
人们继续争论保护的足够程度。