Giant Fish
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents The Biggest Fish in the Sea.
内容列表 海中最大的鱼类.
4 Watch Your Mouth!
小心你的嘴! 4 watch your smooth! 4 watch your syst! 4 words! 4 watch your smooth! 4 watch! 4 watch your syst! 4! 4 watch your shooth! 4;
5 On the Go.
5号公路
7 Big Fish, Small Food.
7"大鱼","小吃".
9 Baby Giants.
9个小巨人
12 Care for a Swim?
12点要游泳吗?
14 Gentle Giants.
14个小巨人
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 The Biggest Fish in the Sea When people think about sharks, images of sharp teeth and blood often come to mind.
16 海中最大的鱼 当人们想到鲨鱼时,锋利的牙齿和出血的画面经常被人们想起来.
Have no fear!
别害怕!
The biggest shark in the world— also the biggest fish—is a gentle giant.
世界上最大的鲨鱼——也是最大的鱼——是一个温和的巨头。
The whale shark is so peaceful that people can safely swim beside it.
鲸鲨太平和了 人们可以安全地游到它旁边
This harmless creature gets its name because, like a whale, it’s big—really big.
这个无害的生物的名字是因为它像鲸鱼一样,是大而真正的大。
Whale shark length: 40 feet (12.
鲸鲨长度:40英尺(12.
2 m); weight: 40,000 pounds (18,144 kg) Human height: 6 feet (1.
2米);体重:4万磅(18,144公斤) 人高:6英尺(1.
8 m); weight: 175 pounds (79.
8米);体重:175磅(79.
4 kg) How Big Is It?
4公斤) 其大小如何?
Watch Your Mouth!
当心你的嘴!
Whale sharks have a wide, flat head and a blunt snout with a huge mouth.
鲸鲨头部宽而平平并有口大口钝口.
They often swim with their mouth open.
它们经常会张开口子游泳.
Like other sharks, whale sharks have rough skin and sharp scales.
与其他鲨鱼一样,鲸鲨有粗糙的皮肤和尖锐的鳞片.
Their back is dark—bluish, grayish, or brownish— with a pattern of cream-colored spots and stripes.
它们的背部为暗色-粗白-灰色-或棕色-有花样为奶油色的斑点和条纹.
People often describe the pattern as similar to a checkerboard or domino.
人们常将图案描述为与棋盘或多米诺相似.
Scientists don’t know the purpose of this unusual color pattern.
科学家不知道这种不寻常的颜色图案的目的。
It could be for camouflage, but adults are so large that they don’t really need protection from predators.
可能是为了伪装, 但成年人很大,
The color pattern may help keep young whale sharks safe.
颜色图案可能有助于保护幼鲸鲨鱼的安全.
It may also help shield whale sharks from too much sunlight at the water’s surface.
也可能有助于保护鲸鲨免受水面过多阳光照射。
A whale shark is easily recognized by its huge mouth and the pattern on its back.
鲸鲨通过巨大的口和背上的模式很容易被认出来.
What Makes a Whale Shark a Fish?
鲸鲨是什么?
A whale shark uses its whole body to swim—not just its tail and back end like other sharks.
鲸鲨用全身来游泳, 不只是尾巴和后端,
Large back fin and tail fin Mouth at the front of its head (not under its snout like other sharks) Five large gill slits on each side Most fish • have a backbone • breathe with gills • live in water • have tails and paired fins • are cold-blooded • have scales • lay eggs Like all sharks, a whale shark has a skeleton made of cartilage instead of bone.
头部前部有大后鳍和尾鳍口(不像其他鲨鱼那样在鼻下) 每边有5个大 gi片 · 多数鱼有脊椎; 和所有鲨鱼一样,鲸鲨有骨架由软骨而不是骨骼所制成.
Whale sharks migrate long distances.
鲸鲨长途迁徙.
They commonly swim more than 1,240 miles (2,000 km).
它们通常会游出1,240多英里(2,000公里).
One whale shark was recorded migrating 8,077 miles (13,000 km) over a period of more than three years.
据记录,一只鲸鲨在三年多的时间里迁徙了8 077英里(13,000公里)。
Scientists don’t know why whale sharks migrate such long distances.
科学家不知道鲸鲨为何长途迁徙。
It could be related to breeding, finding food, or other reasons.
这可能与繁殖、寻找食物或其他原因有关。
Whale sharks have gathering places around the world.
鲸鲨在世界各地都有聚集地.
The largest, called the Afuera (Spanish for “out” or “outside”), is located off the coast of Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula.
最大的称为"Afuera" (西班牙语为"出"或"出"),位于墨西哥尤卡坦半岛外海.
Over four hundred whale sharks have been observed there at the same time, feeding on large quantities of fish eggs.
同时在那里观测到400多只鲸鲨,以大量鱼卵为食.
On the Go Whale sharks live in warmer parts of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.
高鲸鲨生活在大西洋、太平洋和印度洋更温暖的地区。
They swim in the open ocean as well as close to shore.
它们在开阔的海洋中游泳,也靠近岸上.
These giants are often seen swimming at the surface, and they’re also known to dive deep.
这些巨头经常被看到在地表游泳,
They can dive as deep as 6,000 feet (1,829 m) below the water’s surface.
它们可以潜入水面下6000英尺(1,829米)深.
Whale sharks do not usually travel with other whale sharks, but other types of fish may keep them company.
鲸鲨通常不与其他鲸鲨一起出行,但其他种类的鱼类可能保持它们的陪伴.
They may travel with groups of large fish that have similar feeding habits.
它们可能与有类似喂养习惯的大鱼群一起出行.
Whale sharks are also seen with remoras, a type of fish with suckers.
鲸鲨也与回mo(Remoras)相见,回mo是一类有吸虫的鱼类.
Remoras attach themselves to whale sharks and eat parasites off their skin.
雷莫拉斯附着于鲸鲨上并吃从皮肤上取走的寄生虫.
Remoras eat parasites found on whale sharks and get protection in return.
雷莫拉斯食用在鲸鲨上发现的寄生虫并获得保护以换取回报.
Big Fish, Small Food Unlike most other sharks, whale sharks don’t actively hunt for food and are not considered predators.
大鱼、小食品 鲸鲨与其他大多数鲨鱼不同,
They eat tiny ocean animals that drift or swim in the water.
它们食用漂流或游入水中的小海洋动物.
Krill, which are similar to shrimp, are among their favorite foods.
与虾类相近的磷虾是他们最喜欢的食物之一.
They may also eat small fish, squid, plants, fish eggs, and occasionally larger fish.
它们也可能吃小鱼,鱿鱼,植物,鱼蛋等,偶尔也会吃更大的鱼.
Whale sharks use two types of filter feeding.
鲸鲨采用两种过滤喂养.
Both types can be done in either a horizontal or vertical position.
这两类都可以在水平或垂直位置上完成.
Suction feeding involves sucking or gulping in large amounts of water.
吸食涉及大量水中吸食或粘合.
This type of feeding is useful when large amounts of food are present.
当存在大量食物时,这种取食是有用的.
Whale sharks sometimes cough to clear out excess food that builds up on their filter pads.
鲸鲨有时会咳嗽 以清除多余的食物 在它们的过滤垫上积聚。
Passive feeding involves swimming with their mouth open and their head bobbing from side to side.
被动取食需要用口开口来游泳,并用头从一面往一面来跳.
With passive feeding, whale sharks swallow anything that flows in, including ocean trash.
通过被动喂养,鲸鲨会吞下任何流入其中的东西,包括海洋垃圾.
They turn their stomach inside out through their mouth to get rid of the trash.
他们把肚子从嘴里翻出来 来清除垃圾
Whale sharks use a process called filter feeding to collect food.
鲸鲨使用一种叫做过滤喂食的过程来收集食物.
When they open their mouth, their food flows in with the water.
开口后,食物会随水而入.
As the water flows toward their gills, filter pads catch the small animals and plants.
随着水流向它们的 gi,过滤垫会捕捉到小动物和植物.
Then the water flows out through their gill slits.
然后水流出 通过他们的 gi片。
Suction feeding works like a vacuum cleaner.
吸取饲料的作用像吸尘器.
A whale shark opens its mouth and forcefully sucks in water and prey.
鲸鲨会张开口,在水和猎物中猛烈地吸食.
Whale sharks have five large gill slits on each side that open and close as they take in and release water.
鲸鲨在取入并放出出水时,每侧有5个开口并收紧的大 gi片.
wide—large enough to fit a person!
宽到足够适合一个人!
(20 m) long—as long as one and a half school buses.
(20米)长-至一出半校车.
four hours.
四个小时
Whale sharks probably find their food by smell.
鲸鲨可能通过嗅觉找到食物.
Scientists figured this out by looking at the location of a whale shark’s nostrils and eyes.
科学家们通过观察鲸鲨鼻孔和眼睛的位置来发现这一点。
The nostrils are located near the top of their mouth, close to a whale shark’s food source.
鼻孔位于嘴顶部,靠近鲸鲨的食物来源.
The eyes are farther back on their head, which suggests a less important role in finding food.
眼睛在头部的后方更远,这说明在寻找食物方面作用不大.
Baby Giants Scientists used to think that whale sharks laid eggs.
婴儿巨人科学家曾认为鲸鲨下蛋.
Then, in 1995, they discovered that whale sharks give birth to live babies.
后于1995年发现鲸鲨会生出活胎.
A pregnant female that died had more than three hundred babies, or pups, growing inside her.
一个死去的孕妇有三百多个孩子,或者小狗,在她体内生长.
The growing sharks were 16 to 24 inches (42–63 cm) long.
生长的鲨鱼有16至24英寸(42至63厘米)长.
Some were more developed than others, so they would have been born sooner.
有的比有的发达,所以早生了.
An adult whale shark may be twenty-five times as long as a newborn.
成年鲸鲨可能长于新生儿的25倍.
A whale shark has 300 rows of tiny teeth, but it doesn’t use them for eating.
鲸鲨有300行细齿,
Except for their smaller size, pups look like adult whale sharks.
除了体型较小,小狗看起来像成年鲸鲨.
Not much is known about whale shark births because no one has ever observed one.
人们对鲸鲨的出产知之甚少,因为从来没有人看到过鲸鲨。
Scientists think that whale sharks give birth in the open ocean rather than near shore.
科学家认为鲸鲨在开阔的海洋中而不是在岸边生出.
Young whale sharks become adults at around thirty years of age.
年轻的鲸鲨在30岁左右成为成人.
No one knows how long they live, but sharks as a group have long lives.
没有人知道他们活了多久, 但鲨鱼作为一个群体有很长的生命。
Because of their large size, scientists think that whale sharks could live for one hundred years.
由于体型庞大,科学家认为鲸鲨可以活上一百年.
Care for a Swim?
想游泳吗?
Swimming with whale sharks is popular in the places where these huge creatures gather.
与鲸鲨相游在这些巨大生物聚集的地方很受欢迎.
More than twelve thousand people swim or dive with whale sharks each year.
每年有超过一万二千人用鲸鲨来游泳或潜水.
Tour companies have rules for keeping both the whale sharks and the people safe.
旅游公司有保护鲸鲨和人民安全的规则。
Two snorkelers swim alongside a juvenile whale shark in the Sea of Cortez.
科特斯海有两只潜行者与一只幼鲸鲨同游.
One woman who swam with whale sharks said that her first sight of them took her breath away.
一名与鲸鲨相游的妇女说,她第一次见到它们就夺走了她的呼吸.
She described swimming with these giants as an experience of a lifetime.
她形容与这些巨人一起游泳是一生的经历.
She said, “There is no reason to fear these gentle creatures and every reason to see them up close!”
她说:“没有理由害怕这些温和的生物,也没有理由亲眼看见它们。”
Guidelines for diving with whale sharks include not touching or disturbing them.
鲸鲨潜水准则包括不触摸或扰动.
Gentle Giants You might expect the biggest fish on the planet—a shark—to be a frightening creature, but the whale shark is nothing of the sort.
温柔的巨人 你可能会期望地球上最大的鱼——鲨鱼—— 是一种可怕的生物, 但鲸鲨并不是那种。
This huge animal is peaceful and slow moving.
这个巨大的动物是和平而缓慢地移动的.
It’s a symbol of good luck in parts of Asia.
这是亚洲部分地区好运的象征。
On an island off the coast of Africa, its name means “many stars.”
在非洲近海的一个岛屿上,它的名字意味着“许多恒星。 “
In Vietnam, it’s called “Sir Fish” and is believed to offer protection.
在越南,它被称为"Sir Fish",被认为可以提供保护.
People who study or swim with whale sharks confirm that these enormous fish truly are gentle giants.
研究或与鲸鲨游泳的人证实,这些巨大的鱼确实是温和的巨人.
Glossary camouflage (n.)
词汇伪装(n.)
the colors, patterns, or shapes of an animal’s body that allow it to blend into the background or hide (p.
动物身体的颜色、图案或形状,使其能混入背景或隐藏(p.
5) habits (n.)
5) 习惯 (n.
regular behaviors (p.
常态行为(p.
7) migrate (v.)
7) 迁移(五.
to move from one habitat or region to another at a certain time each year (p.
每年某一时间从一个生境或区域迁移到另一个区域(p.
8) parasites (n.)
8)寄生虫 (n.
plants or animals that grow on or feed off another (p.
在他人身上生长或以他人为食的植物或动物(p.
7) passive (adj.)
7) 被动(adj.
not active (p.
非活动(p.
10) predators (n.)
10) 食肉动物 (n.
animals that hunt and eat other animals to survive (p.
猎取并吃取其他动物以生存的动物(p.
5) scales (n.)
5) 天平 (n.
thin, flat plates that cover many fish and reptiles (p.
薄而平平的板块可以覆盖许多鱼类和爬行动物(p.
5) snout (n.)
5) 鼻口 (n.
the nose and mouth of an animal (p.
动物的鼻子和嘴 (p.
5) suction (n.)
5)吸取 (n.
a sucking force that can draw something into a space or cause it to stick to a surface (p.
吸力,可以将某种东西拉入空间或使其粘入地表(p.
10) Whale sharks move slowly, traveling approximately 3 miles per hour (5 kmph).
10)鲸鲨移动缓慢,行走时速约3英里(5公里).