Vermeer’s Forger
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Great Masters.
内容表 大法师.
4 Van Meegeren’s First Paintings.
4 范美琴的"第一作画".
5 Copying a Master.
5抄出一法师.
8 Master of Success.
8 成功大师.
11 Forgery Uncovered.
11"伪造"未盖.
13 The Real Vermeer.
13 真实的弗梅尔。
16 Glossary.
16 词汇表。
20 Great Masters When Han Van Meegeren was a young child in Holland, he loved to draw.
二十位大师 汉·范·梅格伦在荷兰幼年时就喜欢画画.
He enjoyed visiting museums and gazing at pictures by Dutch artists.
他喜欢参观博物馆和观看荷兰艺术家的照片。
The great painters Rembrandt and Vermeer had died more than 200 years earlier, but their paintings lived in Han’s mind.
伟大的画家伦勃朗和凡尔迈尔早在200多年前就已经去世了,但他们的画作却活在了汉人的心目中.
Han longed to spend his life as an artist.
韩渴望以艺术家身份度过一生.
If only he could paint like those great Dutch masters.
如果他能像那些伟大的荷兰大师一样画画就好了
If only he could spend his life mixing colors and creating beautiful pictures.
如果他能花一生的时间 混合颜色 并创造出美丽的相片
If only.
唯愿如来.
Jan Vermeer’s painting, View of Delft, from 1661, shows the city 200 years before Han lived.
扬·韦尔迈尔的画作"德尔夫特之景"从1661年开始,展现出汉人生前200年的城市.
Van Meegeren’s First Paintings In 1908, when he was nineteen, Han began studying architecture.
范·梅格伦的第一幅画 1908年,他19岁时,汉学开始学习建筑.
He designed a few buildings, but he still loved art, painting, and the great Dutch masters.
他设计了几座建筑,但是他仍然喜欢艺术,绘画,以及伟大的荷兰大师.
So he quit architecture and began to study art.
于是他退出了建筑,开始学习艺术.
These scenes of Delft in 1904 show buildings Han might have studied as an architecture student.
1904年Delft的这些场景 展示了建筑 汉可能作为建筑学学生学习.
At first he did very well.
起初他表现很好
He graduated from art school and was hired to teach other students.
他从美术学校毕业后被聘为其他学生教书.
He even won some awards for his painting skill.
他甚至因其绘画技巧而获得一些奖项.
As time went by, Han did not work as hard, and many critics did not like his work.
随着时间的流逝,韩愈没有那么努力地工作,许多批评家也不喜欢他的作品.
They said his work followed the old masters too closely.
他们说他的作品太跟随了老师父们.
They said he had no talent.
他们说他没有天赋
The bad reviews that these critics wrote about Han made him sad and very angry.
这些批评家所写的关于汉文的恶评让他感到悲伤和非常愤怒.
These paintings from the Dutch Golden Age show some of the techniques that inspired Han’s work.
这些荷兰金币上的画 年龄展现出一些启发了汉人作品的技术.
Han could not stop thinking about the critics.
韩不能不想批评者.
He wrote angry letters, but that was not enough.
他写了愤怒的信件,但这还不够。
There had to be some way to get back at them.
一定有办法回击他们
He wanted to fool and embarrass them the way they had embarrassed him.
他想愚弄和羞辱他们 就像他们羞辱他一样
An idea formed in Han’s mind.
汉心所形成的思想.
What if he were to paint a picture and say the great artist Johannes Vermeer had painted it?
如果他画一幅画 并说伟大的艺术家约翰尼斯·弗梅尔画了它呢?
Could he fool the critics into thinking his forgery was a genuine Vermeer painting?
他能愚弄批评家 认为他的伪造是一幅真正的凡尔迈画吗?
Would they praise it as they did Vermeer’s other work?
他们是否会赞美Vermeer的其他作品?
Han imagined what the critics would say when they found out he had painted it.
汉想象着当批评者发现他画的时会说什么.
The Century Magazine, 1895 Artist Timothy Cole praises Vermeer’s work in The Century, Vol.
"世纪杂志"(The Century Magazine),1895年艺术家蒂莫西·科尔(Timothy Cole)在"世纪"(The Century, Vol.)中称赞了弗梅尔的作品.
50, Issue 6 (Oct.
50, 第6期 (中文(简体) ).
Copying a Master Han knew a great deal about art and life during the years that Vermeer was painting.
复制大师 在凡尔迈尔所画的年代,汉对艺术和生活十分了解.
He was a smart man, and he knew that a convincing art forgery required many things.
他是一个聪明人,他知道一个令人信服的艺术伪造需要很多东西.
The subjects of the painting had to look as if they were from the time period when Vermeer lived.
画作的主体必须从弗迈尔所活的时期看起.
The paint and canvas also had to appear old.
油漆和帆布也不得不变老。
But most of all, his painting technique had to reflect Vermeer’s style.
但最重要的是,他的绘画技巧必须反映弗梅尔的风格.
Vermeer’s painting, Lady and Gentleman Drinking Wine, shows the clothing and furniture of wealthier people when Vermeer lived.
Vermeer的画作《女士与绅士饮酒》展现了Vermeer居住时较富有的人的衣物和家具。
To start, Han needed to find and use a seventeenth-century painting that was more than 200 years old.
首先,汉需要找到并使用一幅已经存在了200多年的十七世纪画作.
Once he had found it, he cleaned the canvas, making sure to leave behind the aging cracks in the lower white paint layer.
一旦他发现了它,他就清理了帆布,确保留下了下白漆层中老化的裂缝.
Old paintings have tiny crack lines.
老画有细小的裂纹.
Han worked on his painting for a long, long time.
汉在画作上工作了很长一段时间.
He chose subjects based on what the art critics might expect Vermeer to paint.
他根据艺术评论家们可能期望弗梅尔所画的作品来选择主题.
Vermeer painted pictures of life during the late 1600s.
弗迈尔画了1600年代后期的生活相片.
If Han were going to paint Vermeer forgeries, he would have to learn a lot about life during that time.
如果汉真要给凡尔迈尔作假作画的话,那他在那段时间里必须学习很多生活.
For instance, he would have to know how people dressed and wore their hair.
例如,他必须知道人们如何穿戴头发。
Vermeer’s The Milkmaid shows a servant in humble clothes.
Vermeer的"牛奶女郎"展示了一位穿着谦卑衣服的仆人.
Han also chose his paints and brushes very carefully, using only brushes and colors identical to those used by Vermeer.
汉也非常谨慎地选择了自己的颜料和刷子,只使用与凡尔迈尔所用的笔刷和颜色完全一样.
Sometimes, he ground and created his own paints when he needed blues that were only made a certain way 200 years before.
有时,当他需要蓝调时,他会打地上并创作出自己的颜料,这些蓝调是在200年前才制成的.
Also, since paints take many, many years to harden, he probably added a chemical to his paints to make them dry quickly.
另外,由于涂料要花很多,很多年才硬化,他很可能在涂料中添加了一种化学物质来使其迅速干燥.
He also added a varnish that made the entire painting appear a bit old and dusty.
他还加了一道花粉,使整幅画显得有些老了而灰尘.
When he was finished, Han Van Meegeren called his painting The Disciples at Emmaus.
完成后,汉·范·米盖伦在艾玛乌斯称他的画作"Disciples".
The Disciples at Emmaus shows details that point to Vermeer as its painter, but it is the work of forger Han Van Meegeren.
在艾玛乌斯的Disciples(英语:Disciples at Emmaus)中展示了一些细节,说明凡尔迈尔是它的画家,但它是伪造汉·范·米盖伦的作品.
Master of Success Han’s first forgery was a success.
韩成功大师首次作假成功.
Everyone believed that his painting was actually painted by Vermeer.
每个人都相信他的画实际上是由Vermeer所画.
He was able to sell it for a great deal of money.
他得以以一大笔钱来出售.
Best of all, the critics praised it.
最好的是,批评者称赞了它.
Han planned to tell the critics he had painted the picture but decided against it.
汉打算告诉批评者他画了这幅画,但决定反对.
Han was a greedy man, and he had been paid much more than he expected.
汉时贪取相取,所取之饷多出所想.
So he decided to paint more forgeries and get very, very rich.
于是他决定画出更多的伪造品,变得非常,非常富有.
Artist Han Van Meegeren became rich by forging paintings based on masters from the Dutch Golden Age.
艺术家汉·范·梅格伦通过从荷兰黄金时代起以大师为主而作的画作而变得富有.
Han studied Vermeer’s real paintings carefully as he painted more forgeries.
汉在画出更多的伪造作品时,仔细地研究了凡尔迈的真画.
Every detail would have to be correct so the critics would not realize the paintings were fakes.
每一个细节都必须正确,这样批评者就不会意识到这些画作是假的.
Han painted and sold several “Vermeer” paintings, and he did become quite rich.
汉画并出售了几幅“Vermeer”画作,他确实相当富有。
Works by Pieter de Hooch (above) and Frans Hals (right)—Han forged paintings by both.
由Pieter de Hooch(上)和Frans Hals(右)出品的作品——汉两人伪造了画作.
Forgery Uncovered Like many criminals, Han became lazy.
伪造 和许多罪犯一样,汉人变得懒惰.
One of his forgeries was sold to a high- ranking Nazi official during World War II.
二战期间他的一个伪造被卖给了一位纳粹高级官员.
The Dutch and Nazis were enemies, so after the war Han was nearly jailed for life for selling a Dutch national treasure to the enemy.
荷兰人和纳粹是敌人,因此战后汉人因为向敌人卖出荷兰国家宝藏而差点被终生监禁.
He confessed the painting was a forgery.
他承认这幅画是假的
He painted a new “Vermeer” to prove he had done what he said and was punished with just two years in jail.
他画了新的“Vermeer”来证明他做了他说过的事,并被判处两年监禁。
However, before Han could go to jail, he died.
然而,在汉能入狱之前,他已经去世了.
Han paints Teaching in the Temple during his trial to show how he forged the Vermeer paintings.
汉字画 审判期间在圣殿教书,以展示他如何伪造出凡尔迈尔画作.
Vermeer’s style and technique took Han many years to master.
韦尔迈尔的风格和技巧需要花许多年的时间来掌握.
Vermeer was a genius at using light.
弗迈尔是使用光的天才
In his paintings, light often comes through a window and shines on tiny details.
在他的画作中,光经常会从一扇窗户走来并用微细的细节来发光.
He was also a genius at showing the mood of his subjects and creating a feeling.
他也是展现出臣民情绪并创造出一种感觉的天才.
He often chose soft colors to create the feeling of the painting.
他经常选择柔和的颜色来创造出画作的感觉.
Han’s mastery of Vermeer’s techniques cast a shadow over Vermeer’s real works.
汉人对凡尔迈尔技巧的掌握给凡尔迈尔的真作投下阴影.
Which ones were real, and which ones might be fakes?
哪些是真实的,哪些可能是假的?
This forgery in the style of Vermeer is the one that got Han caught.
韦尔迈尔风格的这种伪造是被汉人抓住的.
What Is Her Mood?
她的魔德是什么来着?
In Vermeer’s The Guitar Player the girl seems to glance up shyly.
在Vermeer的《吉他玩家》中,
Can you guess what she might be thinking?
你能猜到她在想什么吗?
The Guitar Player c.
吉他游戏机 c.
1672 Oil on canvas, 53 x 46.
1672 (英语). 油画布,53x46。
3 cm Kenwood, English Heritage The Real Vermeer In 1993, a man came to a famous art house with a painting called A Young Woman Seated at the Virginal.
3 cm Kenwood, 英国遗产 The Real Vermeer 1993年,有一位男子带着一幅被处女座画取名为"一个年轻女子"(A Young Woman sited at the Virginal)而来到了著名的艺术馆.
He wondered whether it was a real Vermeer, or whether perhaps the famous art forger Han Van Meegeren had painted it.
他想知道它是否是一幅真实的"凡尔迈",或者或许是出名的美术家汉·范·米盖伦所画的.
The art house agreed to investigate the painting.
美术馆同意调查这幅画.
Like Han, the experts from the art house studied the paints and brushes used by Vermeer in his other paintings.
和汉文一样,艺术馆的专家也研究了维尔迈尔在其他画作中使用的颜料和刷子.
They used microscopes and X-rays to uncover brush strokes.
他们用显微镜和X光来发现刷子中风.
But what they found most interesting of all was the small canvas on which the picture was painted.
但是他们发现最有趣的是 画在画上的小画布。
The coarse canvas was the same as the one used in Vermeer’s The Lacemaker.
粗糙的帆布与Vermeer的"花纹制造者"中使用的帆布相同.
Do you think that A Young Woman Seated at the Virginal is a real Vermeer or a forgery?
你认为一个年轻女人坐在处女座上 是真正的Vermeer还是伪造的?
This virginal is an instrument similar to a modern piano.
这种处女作是类似于现代钢琴的一种乐器.
A Young Woman Seated at the Virginal c.
一个年轻女人坐在维吉尼亚克
1670 9 7/8 x 7 7/8 in (25.
约1670年，9又7/8 × 7又7/8英寸（25。
2 x 20 cm) Art Gallery of Wynn, Las Vegas Las Vegas, Nevada The Lacemaker c.
2 x 20厘米) 内华达州拉斯维加斯怀恩美术馆 (原始内容存档于2018-03-26). The Lecemaker c.
1669-1670 Oil on canvas transferred to panel 23.
1669-1670 (英语). 帆布上的石油转移到第23小组。
9 x 20.
9×20 (英语).
5 cm (9 13/32 x 8 1/2 in) Musee du Louvre, Paris When the experts were done with the techniques, they turned to the style of the painting.
5公分(9 13/32 x 8 1/2英寸) 卢浮宫,巴黎 专家完成技法后,转向了绘画风格.
They compared the painting to other Vermeer paintings of girls playing musical instruments, and they compared the folds in the skirt and other details to Vermeer paintings, such as The Guitar Player.
他们将这幅画作与其他凡尔迈尔玩乐器的女子画作相提并论,并将裙子中的折叠等细节同"吉他玩家"等凡尔迈尔画作相提并论.
Then they cleaned the painting and found their answer in the cool lighting, the shadows, the wall, and the mood.
之后他们清理了画作,并在凉爽的照明,阴影,墙壁和情绪中找到了答案.
Folds in the lady’s dress in Vermeer’s Mistress and Maid showed experts more examples of how Vermeer painted.
Vermeer夫人和Maid所穿的女装的花纹向专家展示了更多Vermeer绘画的例子。
Glossary convincing (adj.)
有说服力的词汇(adj.)
appearing worthy of belief (p.
似乎值得相信(p.
8) critics (n.)
8)批评者(n.
people who find faults or carefully judge for review (p.
发现有缺陷或仔细判断需要复核的人(p.
6) embarrass (v.)
6) 尴尬(v.
to make to feel awkward, uneasy, or self-conscious (p.
以感到尴尬、不安或自觉(p.
7) forgery (n.)
7) 伪造 (n.)
an illegal copy of something that was made with the intent that it look genuine (p.
一份非法复制品,其意图是看上去是真实的(p.
7) genius (n.)
7) 天才 (n.
someone with a tremendous skill or talent in a particular area (p.
在特定领域具有巨大技能或才华的人(p.
14) masters (n.)
14) 师 (n.
people with great skill or influence in a particular trade or craft who are qualified to teach others (p.
在某一行业或工艺中具有高技能或影响力的人,有资格教别人(p.
4) national treasure (n.)
4) 国宝 (n.
something or someone of great value to a particular country or nation’s heritage (p.
对特定国家或国家遗产有重大价值的东西或个人(p.
13) style (n.)
13) 风格 (n.
a distinctive artistic form such as in music, art, or literature (p.
一种独特的艺术形式,如音乐、艺术或文学(p.
8) talent (n.)
8) 才 (n.
a natural ability or skill (p.
自然能力或技能(p.
6) technique (n.)
6) 技术(n.
a skillful way of performing or doing something (p.
一种技巧丰富的表演或行为方式(p.
8) varnish (n.)
8) 漆 (n.
a liquid used to give something a protective coating or gloss (p.
用于给予某种保护性涂层或光泽的液体(p.
10) Famous forgeries like those painted by Van Meegeren changed the way art experts examine a painting.
10) 出名的伪造作品,如由范·梅格伦所绘的作品,改变了艺术专家审查一幅画的方式.
Experts have determined Vermeer painted about thirty-five known works of art.
专家确定了凡尔迈尔所绘的大约35件已知的艺术品.
No one but Vermeer could have painted A Young Woman Seated at the Virginal.
除了凡尔迈尔 没人能画出一个年轻女人 坐在处女座上
Johannes Vermeer used light brilliantly.
约翰内斯·弗梅尔(Johannes Vermeer)用光的辉煌.
His colors were soft and gentle, and he chose them to create a mood or show a moment in time.
他的花色柔和而温和,他选择了花花样来创造出一种情绪或展示出一瞬间的时间.
He enjoyed painting the people he saw around him every day.
他喜欢每天画他身边的人
He was a genius at expressing their feelings.
他是表达他们感情的天才
What feelings do you see in Vermeer’s paintings?
你从Vermeer的画中看到什么感觉?