Bus System
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents The Trusty Bus.
信托巴士目录.
4 Taxes to Transportation.
4 运输税。
5 Mass Transit on a Massive Scale.
5 大规模运输。
6 History.
6 历史.
8 Safety.
8号安全
12 Yellow Buses Go “Green”.
12 黄公交车走"绿色".
13 Conclusion.
13 结论。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 The Trusty Bus Sarah shivers on her short morning walk.
16 信托公交车 莎拉在她的短道速滑上颤抖。
It’s a freezing winter day, but when she reaches the school bus stop, she knows she won’t have to wait for long.
但当她到达校车站时, 她知道她不用等太久。
The yellow school bus pulls up right on time.
黄色校车准时拉起.
She greets the driver as she boards.
她向司机问好,就像她登机一样
After that, though, the bus ride is a part of her day she simply takes for granted.
之后, 公交车是她一天的一部分 她只是认为理所当然。
Taxes to Transportation In the United States, Sarah and many other students depend on bus service to get to school.
运输税 在美国,莎拉和许多其他学生依靠公交服务上学.
Few people ever stop to think about how that bus system works.
很少有人会停下来思考 公交系统是如何运作的
Yet the American school bus system is one of the most important and complex mass transit systems in the country.
然而,美国校车系统是该国最重要和最复杂的大众交通系统之一。
Busing students to school requires the efforts of thousands of people.
接送学生上学需要上千人的努力.
The vehicles, drivers, and everything else that makes the school bus system work are run by local school districts.
车辆,驾驶员,以及使校车系统运转的其他一切由当地校区管理.
School buses are often paid for with local property taxes.
校车经常用地产税来支付.
People are taxed on the value of their property.
人民对其财产的价值征税。
They pay that tax to local governments, which use it to pay for services such as schools.
他们向地方政府支付该税,地方政府用它来支付诸如学校等服务.
Buses support the American public school system, which promises every student an education.
公共汽车支持美国公立学校系统,它向每个学生保证教育。
Mass Transit on a Massive Scale Planning the system of buses that move students to and from school is an enormous job.
大规模过渡 规划将学生往返学校的公交车系统是一项艰巨的工作.
The U.
吴人.
S.
师曰.
system uses more vehicles and moves more people than any other form of mass transit in the country.
与国内任何形式的大众运输相比,该系统使用更多的车辆和移动人员。
In 2013, about 480,000 buses carried students to school each day.
2013年,每天约有48万辆公交车载学生上学.
Slightly more than half of public school students, about twenty-six million of them, used school buses daily.
公立学校学生中略多于一半,约有2600万人,每天使用校车.
In fact, the American school bus system has more than twice as many vehicles as all the other American mass transit systems combined.
事实上,美国校车系统拥有比其他所有美国大众交通系统加在一起的两倍多的车辆.
The American school bus system is so enormous for several reasons.
美国校车系统如此庞大,原因有几个.
The country’s large size, its large population, and its lack of other public transit options for students in many areas make school buses necessary.
该国幅员辽阔,人口众多,许多地区学生缺乏其他公共交通选择,因此校车是必要的.
Rural areas often have no public transit options at all outside the school bus system.
农村地区往往没有校车系统以外的公共交通选择。
Rural American school buses tend to have very large routes.
美国农村校车的路线往往非常大.
The rural school bus system in Kingman, Arizona, for example, covers an area larger than the entire state of Delaware.
例如亚利桑那州金曼的乡村校车系统覆盖面积大于整个特拉华州.
School transportation planners try to make sure that students don’t spend too much time traveling back and forth every day.
学校交通规划人员试图确保学生不会每天花太多时间往返。
They try to set up bus stops that aren’t too far away from students’ homes.
他们试图在离学生之家不远的地方设置公交车站。
That way, students can walk to their stop.
这样,学生可以走到他们的站。
Many districts offer bus service to any student who lives more than 2 miles (3.
许多区为任何居住2英里以上的学生提供公交服务(3.
2 km) from school.
离学校2公里。
Students who might be placed in danger by walking to school (by crossing a highway, for instance) are often offered bus service, too.
步行上学(例如穿过公路)可能陷入危险的学生,也常常得到公共汽车服务。
Sometimes kids make less-than-safe crossings in order to reach school.
有时,为了上学,孩子的过道不太安全。
Math Minute At 1,954 square miles (5,060 sq km), Delaware is the second smallest of the fifty states.
数学分钟 在1,954平方英里(5,060平方千米)上,特拉华州是50个州中第二小州.
In Arizona, the Kingman Unified School District (KUSD) is more than 3,000 square miles (7,779 sq km).
在亚利桑那州,金曼统一学区(KUSD)面积超过3,000平方英里(7,779平方千米).
If KUSD is 3,000 square miles, how much larger is it than the state of Delaware?
如果KUSD是3,000平方英里,它比特拉华州还要多?
Answer: 1,046 square miles (2,709 sq km) History American public schools began mass transportation for their students long before the modern school bus existed.
答:1,046平方英里(2,709 sq km) 美国历史公立学校早在现代校车存在之前就开始为其学生提供大众交通.
In the 1800s, many students attended one-room schoolhouses in sparsely populated rural school districts.
1800年代,许多学生在人口稀少的农村校区入读一室一室的学校.
Some students walked.
一些学生走过.
Others used horses or sleds to get to school.
还有的人用马或雪橇上学.
Over time, school districts discovered that it worked well to use a system of horse-drawn wagons.
随着时间的推移,各校区发现使用一马车系统效果良好.
These wagons would pick up students and take them to school.
这些马车会接学生去上学
A horse-drawn stagecoach school bus waits in front of a Colorado high school around 1910.
1910年左右,一辆马兜铃马戏团校车在科罗拉多州一所高中前等.
Yes to Yellow The first vehicles that carried students didn’t look much like modern buses.
是,黄 最初载学生的车辆看起来不太像现代巴士。
A school bus from the 1920s, for example, looked like a long car.
例如1920年代的一班校车,看起来像一辆车很长.
Buses gradually grew larger to hold more and more students.
公交车逐渐变大以容纳越来越多的学生.
The yellow color of modern school buses was chosen because it was easy to spot.
现代校车的黄色颜色之所以被选中,是因为容易被发现.
Because buses stand out on the road, drivers see them and stop in time to allow students to board safely.
由于公交车在路上站出站,司机看到后会及时停车让学生安全登上.
Today, the law says that American school buses must be painted a color called “National School Bus Glossy Yellow.”
今天,法律规定,美国校车必须被涂上一种叫作“国家校车光泽黄色”的颜色。 “
The bright color helps drivers recognize school buses in an instant.
明亮的颜色帮助司机瞬间识别出校车.
In time, horse-drawn wagons gave way to motor vehicles.
随着时间的推移,出行的马车让位于了机动车辆.
School districts set up routes and lined up vehicles.
校区设置路线并排出行.
The vehicles picked up students before school and delivered them near home at the end of the day.
车辆在上学前接了学生,最后在家中附近送去.
Then came a new goal— school integration, which brought African American and white children together in schools.
之后又出现了一个新目标——学校融合,使非裔美国人和白人儿童在学校聚在一起.
Before 1954, many American schools were segregated, meaning that black students and white students were sent to separate schools.
1954年以前,许多美国学校被隔离,这意味着黑人学生和白人学生被送往分立的学校.
These segregated schools were not equal.
这些被隔离的学校是不平等的。
White students usually received better educational opportunities and more resources than black students did.
白人学生通常比黑人学生获得更好的教育机会和资源.
In 1954, the U.
1954年,乌.
S.
师曰.
Supreme Court said that school segregation discriminated against African American students, and integration began.
最高法院说,学校隔离歧视非裔美国学生,融合开始.
For a time, school buses played an important part in school integration.
一段时间以来,校车在学校整合中发挥了重要作用.
In the 1970s and 1980s, schools worked together to bus black students to white schools and white students to black schools.
在1970年代和1980年代,学校合作将黑人学生开往白人学校,白人学生开往黑人学校.
By the 1990s, however, most school districts had stopped using busing to desegregate schools.
然而到1990年代,大多数校区已经停止使用公交车来消除学校隔离.
A woman explains the decision to end school segregation to her daughter in 1954.
1954年,一名妇女解释了终止学校对女儿隔离的决定。
They sit on the steps of the Supreme Court in Washington, D.
他们坐在华盛顿特区最高法院的台阶上。
C.
C组
In recent years, closing schools has led to consolidation.
近年来,关闭的学校导致学校的合并.
This involves several smaller schools combining into one larger building.
这涉及几所较小的学校合并成一栋更大的建筑。
Consolidation can cut education costs, but it also means that some students have to travel much farther to school.
合并可以减少教育费用,但也意味着一些学生必须远走高飞去上学。
It makes bus routes larger and more complex.
这使得公交线路规模大而复杂.
One school bus route in rural Texas took some students roughly 100 miles (160 km) each way in the mid-1990s.
1990年代中期,德克萨斯州农村的一条校车路线将一些学生各带去约100英里(160公里)的地方。
These students spent more time on the bus than they did in school!
这些学生在公交车上花的时间比在学校多!
As part of integration, white children are bused in North Carolina in 1973 (left).
作为融合的一部分,白人儿童于1973年在北卡罗来纳州通车(左).
Black children are bused in Ohio in 1979 (right).
1979年被俄亥俄州黑人儿童公交车(右).
Safety School buses are forty times safer than private cars.
安全校车比私家车安全40倍.
Bus drivers receive strict safety training.
公共汽车司机接受严格的安全培训。
What’s more, school buses have emergency exits and reinforced roofs.
校车有紧急出入口,
They have seats that help keep students safe in the event of a crash.
他们的座位有助于学生在坠机时的安全.
The seats are spaced closely together, and seat backs are made to absorb an impact.
座椅相距相距相近,并用座椅背来吸收撞击.
Buses may also include flashing stop signs, which alert drivers that students are getting off or on the bus.
公交车也可能包括闪出站牌,提醒司机学生下车或上车.
Some buses have cameras that help drivers see what’s happening inside the bus and outside.
有些巴士有相机帮助司机了解巴士内外的情况。
When a school bus puts out its stop sign, traffic in both directions must stop.
当校车发出停站站牌时,双向交通必须停止.
Yellow Buses Go “Green” Some school districts are also beginning to make changes to buses that help the environment.
一些校区也开始改变帮助环境的公交车。
For instance, one school bus in New York has an electric engine that doesn’t pollute the air.
例如纽约的一班校车拥有一台不会污染空气的电动发动机。
The bus can travel for about 120 miles (190 km) before it needs to be recharged.
公交车在需要充电前可行驶约120英里(190公里).
Another “green” trend in school buses is the use of propane fuel.
校车的另一个“绿色”趋势是使用丙烷燃料。
Propane is much less expensive than normal bus fuel and less polluting.
丙烷比起普通公交燃料要便宜得多,污染也较少.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Seat belts make passengers in private cars much safer.
安全带让私家车的乘客更加安全.
Whether this holds true for school buses is less clear.
对于校车来说,这一点是否正确并不明确。
For one thing, buses are built with much tougher safety standards.
首先,公交车的安全标准要严格得多。
For another, buses often hold more than fifty students at a time.
对另一个国家来说,公共汽车经常一次有50多名学生。
It’s hard, then, for the school bus driver to make sure all those students are even wearing their safety belts.
校车司机很难确保所有学生都戴着安全带。
Hybrid buses like this one use both electricity and fuel.
像这样的混合型客车同时使用电力和燃料.
As a result, hybrid buses get better mileage than regular school buses.
因此,同普通校车相比,混合型公交车的行驶里程要好.
School buses can also cut down pollution by replacing private vehicles.
校车也可以通过更换私人车辆来减少污染.
The average school bus can drive fifty-four students, which keeps about thirty-six private vehicles off the road.
普通校车可开54名学生出行,这让约36辆私家车出行.
This fact, along with newer, greener technology, can help keep the air cleaner.
这一事实,连同更新的,更绿色的技术,可以帮助保持空气清洁.
Bar 2 = 1.
栏2= 1.
4 gallons each trip Bar 3 =.
每次出行4加仑 第3行=.
8 gallons each trip 14.
每次出行8加仑14.
5 L) 1.
（列表编号：5L-1）
3 L) 0.
3 L) 0 (英语).
8 (3 L) Gallons per 10-mile (16 km) trip 36 family vehicles regular bus (diesel fuel) hybrid bus (diesel + electric) On the Road: Fuel Efficiency Buses are bigger than cars, so they use more gas to go the same distance.
8(3L) 加仑每10英里(16公里)出行 36辆家用车辆普通公交车(柴油) 混合公交车(柴油+电动) 在路上:燃料效率公交车比汽车大,因此多用煤气去同距离.
When you consider the number of passengers, though, buses are far more fuel efficient— and far less polluting.
但考虑到乘客人数,公共汽车燃料效率要高得多,污染程度要低得多。
Conclusion The school bus slows to a stop.
结论 校车慢到一站.
Sarah gathers her things and follows the other students off the bus.
Sarah收集她的东西 跟随其他学生下车
The bus pulls away from the curb, its job done for now.
公交车从路口开走,它的工作目前已经完成.
At the end of the day, it’ll be waiting for them, ready to start the whole journey again in reverse.
最终它将等待他们,
Glossary discriminated (v.)
歧视词汇(五.)
(n.)
(无)
Supreme Court (n.)
最高法院(不详)
States (p.
国家
10) transportation (n.)
10)运输 (n.