Storm Chasers
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Chasing the Wind.
追风目录.
4 Tornado Alley.
4"龙卷风" Alley.
6 Tornado Weather.
6"龙卷风天气".
8 Can You Predict a Tornado?
八能预想出"旋风"吗?
10 Tornado Devastation.
10个"龙卷风"
14 Storm Chasers on the Job.
14"风暴追逐者"上演"约伯".
16 Glossary.
16 词汇表。
19 Index.
19 指数。
20 Chasing the Wind What kind of person chases a storm?
20"追风"什么人追风?.
Most people run for cover when the weather turns nasty.
当天气变糟时,大多数人会跑去掩护
But for storm chasers, high winds, funnel clouds, and lightning are part of the job.
但对于追风暴者来说,高风,漏斗云和闪电是工作的一部分.
Some storm chasers are filmmakers and photographers trying to capture spectacular images of a tornado.
一些追风暴者是电影制片人和摄影师,试图捕捉龙卷风的壮观画面.
But most storm chasers are scientists and meteorologists who study the weather.
但追风者大多是研究天气的科学家和气象学家.
They put themselves in the paths of tornadoes to collect information that will help them better predict tornadoes and save lives.
他们把自己踏入了龙卷风的路径去收集信息,以帮助他们更好地预测龙卷风并拯救生命.
Their job is dangerous and may seem thrilling, but being out in severe weather makes storm chasers extra careful.
他们的工作是危险的,可能看起来令人兴奋,但是在恶劣的天气中外出使追风暴者格外小心.
Storm chasers film a funnel cloud.
追风暴者拍出漏斗云.
Every year, hundreds of tornadoes rip through the central part of the United States.
每年有上百个龙卷风从美国中部掠过.
They can flip over cars, tear roofs off houses, and destroy crops.
他们可以翻车, 撕破屋顶的房屋, 并摧毁农作物。
Most tornado winds blow about 160 kilometers per hour (100 miles per hour).
大多数龙卷风时速约160公里(每小时100英里).
The strongest tornadoes, sometimes called super tornadoes, have wind speeds of 402 kph to more than 482 kph (250–300 mph).
最强的龙卷风有时被称作"超级龙卷风",其风速可达402千帕至482千帕以上(250–300 mph).
A super tornado destroys everything in its path.
超级龙卷风摧毁了它路上的一切
Less than two percent of all tornadoes have winds of more than 322 kph (200 mph).
所有龙卷风中只有不到2%有超过322克(200 mph)的阵风.
What’s in a Name?
名字里写着什么?
The word tornado comes from the Spanish word tronada, which means “thunderstorm.”
龙卷风一词取自西班牙语"tronada",意为"暴风雨". “
Other common names used for a tornado are cyclone, twister, and whirlwind.
用于龙卷风的其他常见名称有:气旋,扭矩和旋风.
A tornado over water is called a waterspout.
龙卷风过水时称为"水喷".
A waterspout forming over water.
水泉在水上形成,
Tornado Alley More than 800 tornadoes a year touch down in the United States, and more than half of Earth’s tornadoes hit the central section of the United States called “Tornado Alley.”
龙卷风Alley每年有800多场龙卷风在美国倒下,超过一半的地龙卷风袭击了被称为"托纳多Alley"的美国中部. “
Some of the states in Tornado Alley are: Iowa, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas.
龙卷风中的一些州 阿莱是:爱荷华州,内布拉斯加州,科罗拉多州,堪萨斯州,俄克拉荷马州,德克萨斯州.
Most storm chasing happens in these states—in the spring in the southern states of the Great Plains, and in the late summer in the northern states.
大部分风暴追逐发生在这些州 -- -- 大平原南部各州的春季和北部各州的夏季后期。
Every state in the United States has experienced a tornado!
美国每个州都经历了一场龙卷风!
They just tend to be stronger and more frequent in the central part of the country.
他们只是倾向于更强大,更频繁地出现在中部地区.
Texas has the most recorded tornado touchdowns of any state.
德克萨斯州的龙卷风触地得分率最高
On March 8, 1925, one of the worst tornadoes in U.
1925年3月8日,是U区最严重的龙卷风之一.
S.
师曰.
history ripped through Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana.
历史横跨了密苏里州,伊利诺伊州和印第安纳州.
The tornado traveled on the ground for 352 kilometers (219 miles) and lasted three and a half hours.
龙卷风在地上行走了352公里(219英里)并持续了三个半小时.
More than 600 people died in that tornado, and 10,000 people lost their homes.
这场龙卷风有600多人死亡,一万人失去家园.
Tornado devastation in Illinois in 1925 Tornado Weather Meteorologists have studied tornadoes by observing them and collecting data, but they still have much to learn.
1925年伊利诺伊州被"龙卷风"摧毁后,"龙卷风"天气气象学家通过观察并收集数据来研究龙卷风,但是他们仍然有很多需要学习.
They know about most of the weather conditions needed to form a tornado.
他们知道形成龙卷风所需的大部分天气条件.
But they still do not know why some funnel clouds touch down, becoming tornadoes, and others do not.
但它们仍然不知道为什么有些漏斗云会触倒,成为龙卷风,而另一些则不知道.
These diagrams explain how a tornado forms.
这些图表解释了龙卷风是如何形成的.
Can You Predict a Tornado?
你能预知龙卷风吗?
You can’t always tell when a tornado might strike, but there are some clues.
龙卷风何时会袭击,
Sometimes you can see funnel clouds in the sky before they touch the ground.
有时可以在天上看到漏斗云在触地之前.
At other times you can see certain cloud formations, called wall clouds, which precede severe storms or supercells, but not all severe storms produce tornadoes.
其它时候可以看到某些云层形成,被称作"壁云",它先于严重风暴或超级细胞,但并非所有严重风暴都会产生龙卷风.
Storm chasers are gaining more knowledge with the data they collect from each tornado, but meteorologists still can’t predict tornadoes the way they can predict how sunny or rainy it will be in five to seven days.
但气象学家仍无法预测龙卷风会如何预测五到七天内会有多阳光或多雨。
However, meteorologists can tell us when conditions are right for a tornado.
然而,气象学家可以告诉我们何时适合龙卷风的条件.
Then they can issue a tornado watch.
然后他们可以发布龙卷风手表。
Watch or Warning?
观察还是警告?
A tornado watch means that conditions are right for a tornado.
龙卷风表意味着龙卷风的条件是合适的.
Listen to the radio or watch the television for updates on weather conditions.
听收音机或看电视,了解天气状况的最新情况.
A tornado warning means that a tornado has been spotted nearby.
龙卷风警告意味着附近发现有龙卷风.
Get inside immediately.
快进去
If a tornado is coming, you need to act fast.
如果龙卷风要来的话 你得快点行动
Here are a few things to keep in mind: • Get inside a house or a building.
• 需要记住以下几点: 进入一栋房子或大楼。
an interior room.
一个室内房间。
• Stay away from windows.
• 支助 离窗户远点
piece of furniture.
一个家具
arms and hands to protect yourself.
手和手臂保护自己
Storm shelter in Alabama mobile home park Tornado Safety Meteorologists use Doppler radar to track weather conditions.
阿拉巴马州移动家园公园"旋风"安全气象学家使用多普勒雷达来跟踪天气状况.
Doppler radar helps them determine the wind direction and find early signs of rapidly rotating air inside thunderstorms.
多普勒雷达帮助他们确定风向并找到雷暴内部快速旋转空气的早期迹象.
It also helps them determine precise wind directions.
这也帮助他们确定准确的风向.
Meteorologists can give people about a 20-minute warning for a tornado.
气象学家可以给人们大约20分钟的龙卷风警告.
Twenty minutes may not sound like much, but an advance warning can save lives.
20分钟听起来可能不太像,但是预先警告可以拯救生命。
Scientists can learn how severe a storm is by studying Doppler radar.
科学家可以通过研究多普勒雷达来了解风暴的强度.
They can also pinpoint the exact location of the storm and how long it will last.
他们也可以确定风暴的确切位置和持续时间.
On average, tornadoes last 10 minutes, but they can last only seconds or stretch on for hours.
平均来说,龙卷风持续了10分钟,但它们只能持续一秒或持续数小时.
Meteorologists look at Doppler radar to track storm activity.
气象学家查看多普勒雷达以追踪风暴活动.
Tornadoes are measured by F-scale ratings.
龙卷风由F级收视率来测量.
The scale is named for Theodore Fujita, a scientist who invented a method for measuring tornadoes.
该尺度被命名为"西奥多·藤田"(Theodore Fujita),是一位科学家,他发明了一种测量龙卷风的方法.
The F-ratings are based on how much destruction a tornado caused.
F平分是基于一场龙卷风造成的破坏程度.
An F0 or F1 tornado is weak.
F0或F1龙卷风弱.
But an F5 tornado is a monster with winds reaching speeds of 420 kph to 512 kph (261–318 mph).
但一股F5龙卷风是一股有风能达到420克/日到512克/日(261–318 mph)的怪物.
To give a tornado an F-scale rating, an expert looks at the damage after the tornado hits.
为了给龙卷风评分F级,一位专家考察了龙卷风命中后的损伤.
The F-scale rating of a tornado can’t really be predicted accurately ahead of the twister—only after it has hit.
龙卷风的F级评级无法准确预测,
People look over the damage caused by a tornado.
人们看一看龙卷风造成的破坏.
F-scale Class Wind Speed Estimate Description Best Guess The wind speeds in the Fujita scale have never been scientifically verified in real tornadoes because: 1.
F级风速估计最佳猜测 藤田规模的风速从未在真正的龙卷风中经过科学验证,原因是: 1. 联合国
Nobody knows the “true” wind speeds at ground level in most tornadoes because it’s hard to get close enough to measure them.
没有人知道大多数龙卷风的“真实”风速,
to the next.
到下一个。
Houses leveled; cars tossed around 420–512 kph (261–318 mph) Houses torn off foundations; large objects tossed hundreds of feet Storm Chasers on the Job Storm chasers have to be able to interpret radar reports to find tornadoes to study.
房屋被平整;汽车被抛出约420至512克夫(261至318克夫) 房屋撕裂地基;大型物体将"风暴追逐者"(Storm Chaseers)倒向了"约伯风暴追逐者"(Job Storm Crashers)数百英尺高地,必须能够解释雷达报告,以找到龙卷风来研究.
They look at weather data as storms form to locate a storm that might produce a tornado.
他们把气象数据看成是暴风雨 来定位可能产生龙卷风的风暴
Making an educated guess and relying on other storm chasers with more experience can place them five miles away from a tornado when it hits instead of 50 miles away.
当龙卷风袭击而不是50英里外时, 依靠其他经验丰富的追风暴者 就能让他们远离五英里处
Being close means they’ll be able to collect the data they need to make better predictions.
他们能收集所需的数据,
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
The National Weather Service also relies on ordinary people to watch for tornadoes.
国家气象局也依靠普通人来监视龙卷风.
In Tornado Alley, local police and emergency personnel are trained to spot tornadoes.
在"龙卷风"(Tornado Alley),当地警察和应急人员接受了识别龙卷风的培训.
A storm chaser’s job can seem like a “hurry up and wait” game.
暴风雨追逐者的工作似乎像是一场“快起来等待”的游戏。
Professional storm chasers spend about 10 days “hunting” storms for every minute they spend actually watching, collecting data, or filming a tornado.
专业风暴追逐者花费了大约10天的时间“追逐”风暴,他们每分钟都花费在实际观看、收集数据或拍摄龙卷风上。
Warren Faidley is a well-known storm chaser, photographer, and filmmaker.
沃伦·费德利(Warren Faidley)是一位著名的追风暴者,摄影师和电影制作人.
He says he sometimes has gone an entire year without seeing a tornado.
他说他有时整整一年都没有看到龙卷风
When he does spot one, he wants to get the best possible pictures.
当他发现一个时, 他想得到最好的图片。
But he also needs to stay a safe distance away.
但他也需要保持安全距离。
Winds that top 322 to 483 kph (200–300 mph) can toss cars around like toys.
322至483 kph(200-300 mph)最高的风能可以像玩具一样把汽车推来推去.
The trick for a storm chaser is to know when to get out of the area and how to predict a tornado’s path.
对追风者来说,
Storm chasers watch a tornado form.
追风暴者看一阵龙卷风
Storm chasers take their jobs seriously and believe they have an important mission.
追风暴者认真对待工作,相信他们有重要的使命.
They now know that winds close to the earth may have a bigger role in forming a tornado than they previously thought.
他们现在知道靠近地球的风在形成龙卷风方面可能比他们以前想象的要大.
They know that the smaller the eye, or center, of the tornado, the faster it spins.
他们知道龙卷风眼或中心越小,旋转的速度就越快.
But there is still so much to learn, and storm chasers work hard to collect more data to help all of us know more about the whirling storms that can destroy lives and rip apart entire towns in just a few minutes.
但还有许多事情要学习, 追风暴者努力收集更多的数据, 帮助我们所有人更多地了解 旋风风暴, 它可以摧毁生命, 并在几分钟内撕裂整个城镇。
The American Red Cross helps people left homeless by natural disasters, such as fires and tornadoes.
美国红十字会帮助因火灾和龙卷风等自然灾害而无家可归的人.