Speed
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Contents Introduction.
导言。
4 Who Is Fastest?
4 谁最快?
7 Bicycles.
7辆自行车。
10 Boats.
10条船。
12 Trains.
12列火车.
15 Automobiles.
15辆汽车。
17 Aircraft.
17架飞机。
21 Conclusion.
21 结论。
23 Introduction What is speed?
23 导言 什么是速度吗?
Speed is the time it takes to go a certain distance.
速度是达到一定距离所需的时间.
For most things, speed is measured in kilometers or miles per hour.
对大多数事物来说,速度以公里或英里每小时来测量.
For example, a speed of 16 kilometers (10 mi) per hour means that something is moving fast enough to travel 16 kilometers in one hour.
例如,速度为每小时16公里(10米),意味着有些东西移动得足够快,可以在一小时内出行16公里.
This speed is recorded as 16 kph (10 mph).
此速度被记录为16 kph (10 mph).
Speed can also be measured in other units of time and distance.
速度也可以用其他时间和距离的单位来测量.
It can be measured in meters per second or meters per minute.
它可以用每秒米或每分钟米来测量.
It can be measured in centimeters or inches per second, minute, or hour.
它可以用厘米或英寸每秒,分钟或小时来测量.
Faster objects are usually measured in larger units of distance and shorter units of time.
较快的物体通常以距离较大的单位和时间较短的单位来测量.
Slower things, on the other hand, are usually measured in smaller units of distance and larger units of time.
另一方面,较慢的事物通常以距离较小的单位和时间较大的单位来测量.
For example, a snail’s speed might be measured in centimeters per hour.
例如,蜗牛的速度可以以每小时厘米来测量.
The movement of a glacier might be measured in meters per month.
冰川的移动可能按月以米来测量.
Light—the fastest thing in the universe—moves at 299,338 kilometers per second (186,000 mps).
光——宇宙中最快的东西——以每秒299,338公里(186,000 mps)的速度移动.
People have always seemed to be fascinated by speed.
人们似乎总是对速度着迷.
We seem to love things that move fast.
我们似乎喜欢动作快的东西。
It doesn’t matter if it is a cheetah chasing a gazelle, a horse galloping around a track, or human runners dashing toward a finish line.
不管是猎豹追赶瞪羚、马跑来跑去跑去跑去终点线,
We simply think that fast things are cool.
我们只是认为快速的事情是很酷的。
Perhaps that is why some of the most popular Olympic events, from the first games on, have been contests involving speed.
也许这就是为什么一些最受欢迎的奥林匹克运动会,从最初的比赛开始,都是涉及速度的比赛.
The marlin (pictured here) and sailfish are among the fastest fish in the world.
马林鱼(此处取相)和帆鱼是世界上最快的鱼.
Who Is Fastest?
谁最快?
When we watch a track meet or other sporting event, we cheer for the fastest runners.
当我们看赛道相会或其他体育赛事时,我们为最快跑者欢呼.
But compared with other living things, humans are not all that fast.
但与其他活物相比,人类并不是那么快.
In fact, the fastest humans run at speeds of only about 35.
事实上,最快的人类运行速度只有35个左右.
4 kilometers per hour (22 mph).
时速4公里(22 mph.
Speed is important for the survival of most living things.
速度对于大多数活物的生存很重要.
The cheetah, which runs at speeds of up to 113 kilometers per hour (70 mph), is the fastest living thing on land.
猎豹以每小时113公里(70 mph)的速度运行,是陆地上最快的活物.
The cheetah depends on its speed to capture food.
猎豹依靠其捕取食物的速度.
For many animals, survival often depends on being faster than the animal that is chasing you.
对于许多动物来说,生存往往取决于比追逐你的动物更快.
Female sprinters competing in the 100-meter dash A cheetah runs as fast as a car on the interstate.
女子短跑选手在100米短跑A猎豹的比赛中跑得和州际公路上的一辆车一样快.
Fish swim much faster than humans due to their more streamlined bodies.
鱼会比人类快得多 因为他们身体更精简
The fastest fish is the sailfish.
最快的鱼是帆鱼.
It zips through the water at speeds of up to 113 kilometers per hour (70 mph).
它以可达每小时113公里(70 mph)的速度通航于水中.
The fastest living thing moves through the air.
最快的活物通过空气移动.
It is the peregrine falcon.
是游隼
This falcon reaches speeds of 435 kilometers per hour (270 mph) as it dives to capture other birds in flight.
这种猎鹰在下潜以捕捉飞行中的其他鸟类时会达到每小时435公里(270 mph)的速度.
Even sailfish and cheetahs are slow compared to the falcon.
就连帆鱼和猎豹都比猎鹰慢.
But humans are not limited by our bodies in order to move from place to place.
但人类不受我们身体的限制,以从地而出.
We use our brains to come up with ways to travel faster.
我们用我们的大脑想出一些方法来更快地旅行。
Let’s look at some of these ways.
让我们看看其中一些方式。
Bicycles Humans are the only animals that build mechanical things.
人类是唯一能制造机械物质的动物.
We keep inventing new ways to go faster and faster.
我们不断发明新的方法,以更快地前进。
Long ago we found that by building and riding bicycles, we could go faster than riding a walking or trotting horse.
很久以前,我们发现,通过建造和骑自行车,我们可以走得比走走走走走走走走走走走走的马更快.
A bicycle didn’t take up as much space as a horse.
自行车没有马占得那么多空间。
We didn’t need to feed and water it, and we didn’t have messes to clean up.
我们不需要给它取食和取水,
A lithograph of Maud S, the fastest trotter in the world, in 1874 A man riding the “ Accelerator,” an early bicycle (1819).
1874年,一个骑着“加速器”的男子骑了一辆早期自行车(1819年)。
It could travel uphill at the same speed as a man walking.
它可以和走路的人一样快地上山去
Downhill it could travel as fast as a galloping horse.
下山可以像跑马一样快
When we ride a bicycle, the air in front of us seems to push back.
当我们骑自行车时,前面的空气似乎在往后推.
This is called air resistance.
这被称为"空气抵抗".
As we ride faster, the air seems to push back harder.
当我们骑得更快时,空气似乎更用力地往后推.
In 1899, a bicycle racer named Charles Murphy had the idea of reducing air resistance by riding his bicycle behind a train.
1899年,一个叫查尔斯·墨菲(Charles Murphy)的自行车赛车手有通过骑自行车后行一列火车来减少空气阻力的想法.
By riding behind a train, Murphy was able to go 98.
通过在火车后行驶,墨菲得以走98.
5 kilometers per hour (60 mph).
时速5公里(60 mph.
Since then bicyclists have tried riding behind race cars to go even faster.
从那时起,骑自行车的人试图骑在赛车后跑得更快.
Some have reached speeds of more than 241 kilometers per hour (150 mph)!
有的达到时速超过241公里(150 mph)!
Boats When humans first started using boats, speed was governed by how fast the river flowed, how quickly and hard we paddled, and how hard the wind blew.
船舶 人类开始使用船只时,速度受河道流速多快,我们划得多快多硬,风吹多猛.
By using sails, we were able to go faster than paddling.
通过使用帆船,我们能够更快地划出航道。
Because of drag (pull) of the water on the boat, sailors were limited in their speed.
由于船上的水被拖出(拉出),水手的速度受到限制.
As boat designs improved, sailors were able to go faster, but never faster than the speed of the wind and the current.
随着船只设计的改进,水手们能够更快地前进,但从未快过风速和水流.
A bicyclist rides behind a motorcycle to reduce air resistance and go faster.
一个骑自行车的人骑在摩托车后来减少空气阻力并走得更快.
The invention of the steam engine brought about huge changes in travel.
蒸汽机的发明给出行带来了巨大的变化.
When the steam engine began to be used to power ships, people could go even faster.
当蒸汽机开始用于为船只提供动力时,人们甚至可以走得更快.
They were able to go faster than the wind and water.
他们能比风和水更快
They could travel into the wind and against the current of the water.
他们可以走入风中并逆流而行
The drag of the water on the bottom of the boat slows it down.
船底所拖取取出水来而缓.
Modern racing boats are designed to barely touch the water as they skim over the surface.
现代的赛艇设计在地表滑行时几乎无法触碰水.
This is called hydroplaning.
这叫做水上飞机
A hydroplane boat can go as fast as 354 kilometers per hour (220 mph).
水上飞机船能以每小时354公里(220 mph)的速度航行.
The fastest boat in the world is a jet-powered hydroplane.
世界上最快的船是一架喷气动力水上飞机.
It has gone 510.
它已经走了510。
2 kilometers per hour (317 mph).
时速2公里(317 mph).
The SS United States, powered by a steam engine, was the fastest ocean liner ever.
由蒸汽机提供动力的SS美国是有史以来最快的远洋班轮.
It crossed the Atlantic Ocean at an average speed of 35 knots (65 kph, or 41 mph).
它以35节的平均速度(65kph,或41 mph)穿越大西洋.
Its top speed was 44 knots (80.
其最高速度为44节(80.
5 kph, or 50 mph).
5 kph,或50 mph) (中文(简体) ).
Trains The steam engine was first used to power boats and tractors.
火车 蒸汽机车最早用于为船只和拖拉机提供动力.
When the train was invented, the steam engine was used to power it, too.
列车被发明后,也使用蒸汽机为它提供动力.
These trains carried people and products faster than boats or wagons could.
这些火车运送人员和产品的速度比船只或马车要快.
Early trains reached speeds of up to 65 kilometers per hour (40 mph).
早期的列车达到每小时65公里(40 mph)的速度.
Some passengers, used to much slower horse- drawn carriages, fainted when traveling at these speeds.
一些乘客,习惯于慢得多地骑马所拉出马车,在以这些速度行驶时晕倒.
For years, train speed was limited by the train’s wheels rolling over steel rails.
多年来,列车的行驶速度受到列车车轮翻过钢轨的限制.
This problem was solved when magnetic trains were invented.
这个问题在磁铁列车被发明后得到解决.
At high speeds, magnetic trains don’t even touch the tracks.
在高速运行时,磁性列车甚至不接触轨道.
Modern trains, called bullet trains, with new powerful engines, now travel at speeds of nearly 320 kilometers per hour (200 mph).
现代列车被称作"子弹列车",拥有新的强大发动机,现在的行驶速度已接近每小时320公里(200 mph).
There are plans for even faster trains.
有计划甚至更快的列车.
These trains will travel through tubes at over 800 kilometers per hour (500 mph).
这些列车会以每小时800多公里(500 mph)的速度穿过管子.
Automobiles When automobiles were first invented, they were very slow and fragile.
汽车 汽车最初被发明时,非常缓慢而脆弱.
The first car was not much more than a small horse buggy rolling on bicycle wheels, with a small, noisy engine powering it.
第一辆车只是一辆在自行车轮上滚动的小马车,引擎小而吵闹地为它提供动力.
It was kind of like a golf cart with a lawn mower engine.
它有点像一辆高尔夫车 有割草机引擎。
Can you imagine a golf cart as your family car?
你能想象一个高尔夫车 作为你的家用车?
Some early cars also had steam or electric power.
一些早期的汽车也有蒸汽或电力.
The first recognized land-speed record for an automobile was set in 1898.
汽车的第一个公认的地速记录设定于1898年.
An automobile powered by an electric motor went 63.
一辆由电动机驱动的汽车开走了63辆。
13 kilometers per hour (39.
时速13公里(39.
24 mph).
(原始内容存档于2018-09-29). 24 mph.
Imagine going down a bumpy dirt road in a golf cart at almost 64.
想象一下,在近64岁的高尔夫球车里 沿着一条崎岖不平的路走下去
4 kilometers per hour (40 mph).
时速4公里(40 mph).
The driver must have had quite a thrilling ride!
司机一定骑的很刺激
As engineers, designers, and builders improved cars, the cars went faster and faster.
随着工程师,设计师,建筑师对汽车的改进,汽车的运行速度也越来越快.
In the early 1900s, there were no paved roads to drive fast on.
1900年代初,没有铺路可快速行驶.
People found that they could drive on the hard-packed sand on ocean beaches at low tide.
人们发现,在低潮时,他们可以在海洋海滩的硬包装沙地上行驶.
For many years, the fastest speed records were set on beaches.
多年来,最快的速度记录被设定在海滩上.
People discovered that they also could drive fast on dry lake beds in the desert.
人们发现他们也可以在沙漠干燥的湖床上快速行驶.
Places like the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah and the Black Rock Desert in Nevada are flat, open areas extending for miles.
犹他州邦纳维尔盐地平地和内华达州黑岩沙漠等地地地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平地平
Vehicles are safely driven at high speeds over these dry lake beds.
车辆在这些干燥的湖床上安全地以高速行驶.
The land speed record for wheeled vehicles is held by a jet car that is powered by two jet fighter engines.
轮式车辆的地速记录由两台喷气式战斗机发动机提供动力的喷气车所持有.
In October of 1997, Andy Green became the first human to go faster than the speed of sound in a land vehicle.
1997年10月,安迪·格林成为了第一个比陆地车辆中音速更快的人.
He went 1,228 kilometers per hour (763.
他时速1,228公里(763.
035 mph) in a jet car called the Thrust SSC.
035 mph)),在一款名为"Shrust SSC"的喷气车中.
It went from a complete stop to 965.
从全站到965
6 kph (600 mph) in 16 seconds.
16秒内为6 kph (600 mph).
Aircraft Humans have always wanted to fly like birds.
人类一直想像鸟一样飞行
Over the centuries, inventors have tried many different ways to fly.
几个世纪以来,发明者尝试了许多不同的飞行方式.
The first airplanes used engines that drove propellers.
第一批飞机使用驱动螺旋桨的发动机.
About 40 years later, the jet engine was invented, and the speed of aircraft really increased.
大约40年后,喷气发动机被发明出来,而飞机的速度真的提高了.
The speed record now for aircraft is 3,367 kilometers per hour (2,193 mph).
目前飞机的速度纪录为每小时3,367公里(2,193 mph).
Can you imagine flying all the way across the United States in one hour and 15 minutes?
你能想象一个小时15分钟后飞遍美国吗?
An average jet airliner now takes about five and a half hours to make the trip.
平均喷气式客机现在需要大约5个半小时才能出行.
If you want to move really fast, become an astronaut.
如果你想快速行动 就成为宇航员
In order to escape the gravitational pull of the earth, rockets must go over 45,062 kilometers per hour (28,000 mph).
为了躲避地上引力的拉动,火箭必须时速超过45,062公里(28,000 mph).
The Lockheed SR-71 is the fastest jet airplane in the world.
洛克希德SR-71是世界上最快的喷气式飞机.
The Saturn V launching an Apollo mission to the moon.
土星五号向月球发射阿波罗任务.
Conclusion It is unlikely that, in the future, cheetahs will run faster or sailfish will swim faster.
结论 今后猎豹跑得快或帆鱼游得快的可能性不大.
Nor is it likely that falcons will fly faster.
猎鹰也不太可能飞得更快.
Even humans are not likely to run much faster than they do now.
甚至人类也不太可能比现在跑得快得多.
But that won’t stop humans from finding other ways to go faster.
但这并不会阻止人类寻找其他方法更快前进。
At one time, humans wanted to travel at the speed of sound.
人类一度想以声音的速度出行.
Eventually, we found ways to make planes that traveled faster than sound.
最终,我们找到了方法 让飞行速度比声音快的飞机。
Today, rockets blasting off for space travel several times greater than the speed of sound.
今天,为空间而发射的火箭比音速快几倍。
No doubt, humans will continue to find ways to go faster over land and water and through the air.
毫无疑问,人类将继续想方设法更快地从地上和水上穿过并穿过空气.
Humans probably will not be satisfied until we are traveling at the speed of light.
除非我们以光速行走 否则人类可能不会满意
At that speed, we could circle the globe more than seven times in a single second.
在这个速度下,我们可以在一秒钟内环绕地球七次以上。
It is hard to imagine moving at such an incredibly fast speed.
很难想象以如此惊人的速度前进。