Skydiving
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction.
目 录 导言。
4 First Jump.
4 第一跃.
5 Scariest Moment.
5最恐怖的时刻。
7 How High, How Fast?
7 How High, How Fast? 7 How High, How Fast? 7 高高高快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快快
9 Training.
9 培训。
13 Equipment.
13 设备。
15 Cost.
15 费用。
16 Techniques.
16 技术。
16 His Children Jump.
16岁的孩子跳伞
21 Why Bob Skydives.
21 为什么鲍勃·斯凯迪夫斯
22 Skydiving Trivia.
22 Skydiving Trivia. (原始内容存档于2019-09-22).
24 Glossary.
24 词汇表。
26 INTRODUCTION Bob Gates is the owner of, and instructor at, Cleveland Parachute Center in Cleveland, Ohio.
导言 鲍勃·盖茨是俄亥俄州克利夫兰帕拉特中心(Cleveland Paracutle Center)的老板和教官.
He is married and has two children who are both skydivers.
他已婚,有两个孩子,都是潜水员。
Interviewer: How did you get started in skydiving?
采访者: 你怎么开始跳伞的?
Bob: My dad was one of the pioneers.
我父亲是先驱之一
When he thought I was mature enough, he put me through a class.
当他认为我足够成熟时,他让我上了一个课.
So I started jumping because I grew up around it.
所以我开始跳,因为我成长在它周围。
FIRST JUMP Interviewer: How old were you when you made your first jump?
第一个Jump 采访者: 你第一次跳伞时多大了?
Bob: I was 13.
我那时13岁
It was scary and exciting at the same time.
它既可怕又令人兴奋。
I remember wondering as I left the airplane what the heck I was doing.
我记得我离开飞机时在想我在做什么
Interviewer: Did you jump by yourself the first time?
采访者: 你第一次自己跳吗?
Bob: Yes.
对
It was a static line jump, where the parachute is opened for you.
这是一个静态的一行跳跃, 在那里降落伞是为你打开的。
The static line is 10 feet (3 m) long and is attached to equipment in the plane.
静电线长10英尺(3米)并附着在飞机上的设备上.
When you jump and are 10 feet out, the line pulls a pin that releases the parachute.
当你跳出10英尺时,线会拉出一个能释放降落伞的针.
It takes about five seconds for the parachute to open fully.
降落伞完全打开大约需要5秒钟.
You steer the parachute down and land it yourself.
你把降落伞放下,自己降落
I remembered to do the arch, which means to spread out and push your hips forward.
我还记得做拱门, 这意味着分散出 并推进你的臀部向前。
That helps make you stable as you fall through the air.
这会帮助你稳定 当你掉入空气。
Interviewer: What happens if you don’t do that?
采访者: 如果你不这样做会怎样?
Bob: You can flip.
你可以翻转。
If you’re flipping when the chute’s opening, you can get tangled in the lines.
如果降落伞打开时你正在翻转,你就可以被绳子缠住。
Interviewer: What did it feel like the first time you jumped?
采访者: 你第一次跳伞是什么感觉?
Bob: I remember the quietness.
鲍勃:我记得安静。
No matter where you are, even if you think it’s real quiet, there’s noise.
无论你在哪里,即使你认为这很安静,也会产生噪音。
But during that first ride down there was absolute silence.
但是在第一次下山时 绝对是寂静的
Interviewer: There’s no sound of wind rushing?
采访者: 没有风急的声音?
Bob: No.
鲍勃:不。
It was definitely a unique experience to have no sound.
没有声音绝对是一种独特的经历。
SCARIEST MOMENT Interviewer: What’s the scariest thing that’s ever happened to you?
星际移动 采访者: 你所遭遇的最可怕的事情是什么?
Bob: I had a canopy collision once, which means my canopy collided with someone else’s.
鲍勃:我曾经有过一次树冠相撞,这意味着我的树冠与其他人相撞。
The other person fell away, and I was left tangled so that my legs were tied up in the chute.
另一人倒地了,我被缠住,使我的腿被绑在降落伞上。
I was dropping to Earth, and the chute was opening up and collapsing, then opening up and collapsing.
我掉到地上 降落伞打开倒塌 然后打开倒塌
There was a moment when I didn’t think I was going to make it.
也曾有一段时间,
Luckily, it opened and stayed open just before I hit, so I lived through that one.
幸运的是,它打开并保持开放 就在我击中之前, 所以我活过那一个。
Interviewer: If your legs are tangled, does that mean you’re not able to land?
采访者: 若你的腿被缠住,
Bob: It means I couldn’t get rid of the chute or do anything.
这表示我无法摆脱降落伞或做任何事。
I had opened my reserve chute, so I had both chutes out, but they were still collapsing and opening.
我打开了后备伞,所以我把两个伞都打开了,但是它们仍在倒塌和打开。
My legs were still tangled in the lines when I landed.
当我降落时 我的腿仍然被缠住
Instead of landing on my feet, I landed on my back.
与其从地上起而倒地,倒地倒地.
I survived that, but it was a scary moment.
我幸存下来,但这是一个可怕的时刻。
Parachutes sometimes don’t open properly, such as in this photograph.
伞架有时无法正常打开,
That’s why skydivers wear reserve parachutes.
这就是为什么潜水员穿着备用降落伞。
Good training and faith in the equipment will allow a skydiver to handle almost any difficult situation.
良好的训练和对设备的信心将使潜水员能够处理几乎任何困难的情况。
HOW HIGH, HOW FAST?
多高,多快吗?
Interviewer: How high do you go in a plane before you jump out?
采访者: 你跳出飞机前要跳多高?
Bob: We normally try to jump as high as 13,000 feet (3,962 m).
鲍勃:我们通常尝试跳高到13,000英尺(3,962米).
We could jump at 2,000 feet (610 m) and pull the parachute right away, but we like to fall for a while before opening the chute.
我们可以在2000英尺(610米)高处跳伞,立即取出降落伞,但我们喜欢在打开降落伞前掉下一阵子.
That’s called a free fall.
这叫做自由倒下。
You can’t go higher than 13,000 feet because there’s not enough oxygen in the air.
因为空气中氧气不足,
Interviewer: How long can you free-fall if you jump from 13,000 feet?
采访者: 你跳出一万三千英尺就能自由落地多久?
Bob: Just a whole minute.
就一整分钟
You speed up to approximately 120 miles per hour (193 kph).
时速约120英里(193克夫).
A skydiver could get to over 200 miles an hour (322 kph) on his head.
一个跳天者可以到达200多英里的时速(322kph)在他的头上.
Interviewer: What do you mean “on his head”?
采访者: "在他头上"是什么意思?
Bob: The normal position is with your stomach facing down to the earth.
正常的姿势是 你的胃朝地而下
“On your head” means you fall head down or feet down.
“头顶上”是指你倒下或倒下。
You have less wind resistance, so you fall faster.
你对风力的抵抗力较低,所以跌得更快.
Jumpers need extra oxygen when they go very high.
跳跃者在非常高的时候需要额外的氧气.
Free-flying friends enjoy a sunset jump.
自由飞行的朋友享受日出跳伞.
Interviewer: How do you know when it’s time to open the parachute?
采访者: 你怎么知道什么时候该打开降落伞?
Bob: Beginners start with an altimeter made for skydiving.
初学者从跳伞的高度计开始
It is an instrument that shows them how high they are.
这是一个显示它们有多高的工具。
They read the altimeter, and at the right altitude they pull the ripcord.
他们读取了高度计, 在正确的高度,他们拉出裂缝。
Beginners open at 3,000 feet (914 m) or higher, which gives them more time to react if something goes wrong.
开始器在3000英尺(914米)或更高处打开,这使得它们有更多的时间在出事时作出反应.
After a while, they learn to look down and tell when the earth is getting close enough.
过了一段时间,他们学会了向下看,告诉地球何时变得足够接近.
An experienced skydiver also develops an internal clock, a timer, the more he jumps.
经验丰富的跳伞运动员也开发出内部时钟,计时器,越多跳出.
He’ll know when he’s had enough fun.
当他玩够了,
Interviewer: Does it seem like a short or a long time when you’re falling?
采访者: 你跌倒的时候,
Bob: The first time you do a free fall, it seems like a short time, because everything is so new.
鲍勃:你第一次做自由倒下,看起来是短暂的,因为一切都是那么新的.
As you get more experience, you can do a lot in those 60 seconds of free-fall time.
随着你获得更多的经验,你可以做很多事情 在这60秒的自由落下的时间。
But it never lasts long enough.
但它从未持续足够长的时间.
When the ripcord is pulled, a pilot chute deploys to pull out the main canopy.
当拉出拉链后,会部署一个飞行员槽来拉出主树冠.
The person on the left is an instructor who is making sure that the parachute deploys correctly.
左边的人是一个教官,正在确保降落伞的正确部署。
Skydivers jump from multiple airplanes to make formations.
天行者从多架飞机上跳出来编队.
The world record is 400 skydivers in one formation.
世界纪录是400个跳天者 一个阵型。
TRAINING Interviewer: What do you have to learn before you can jump?
培训 采访者: 你要学什么才能跳?
Bob: In six hours of training, you learn everything necessary to make that first jump as safe as possible.
在6小时的训练中,你学会了所有必要的东西,使第一次跳跃尽可能安全。
You learn the commands you’ll hear in the airplane and how to leave the airplane.
如何离开飞机。
You learn the arch position for falling with the hips forward, all spread out.
你学会了与臀部相撞的拱形位置, 全部散开。
You learn how to check your chute.
你学着检查你的降落伞
You learn how and when to use your second chute and how to steer down.
你学会如何、何时使用你的第二个降落伞,如何向下行驶。
You learn how to find the drop zone by using aerial photos.
你用飞机照片来学习如何找到降落区
You learn the “landing flare,” which means you have to know how to pull the toggle ropes.
你学会了“降落信号弹”,这意味着你必须懂得如何拉起绳子。
These are two lines, one for each hand.
这些是两行,每只手各一行.
They are attached to the back of the chute.
它们附着在伞后.
Pulling on them helps you control the speed and direction of your fall.
拦住他们有助于控制你摔倒的速度和方向.
You learn how to roll when you land and how to pick up your chute.
落地后会学会滚地,如何取出伞来.
Interviewer: Do you have to repack the chute?
采访者: 你要重新包装降落伞吗?
Bob: You learn to pack your chute, but experienced, certified riggers actually pack the chutes for less experienced jumpers.
鲍勃:你学会了打包你的降落伞, 但是经验丰富的,经过认证的钻井者实际上为经验较少的跳伞者打包了降落伞。
Interviewer: Do you jump tandem first and then solo?
采访者: 你先跳后独奏?
Bob: You could do a tandem first, which means you jump connected with an instructor.
鲍勃:你可以先做一个连结, 这意味着你跳与一个教练。
Or you could do a static line for your first jump, where your chute is opened for you.
或者你可以做一个静态的行 你的第一次跳, 在那里你的伞为你打开。
Or you can do a free fall first, where two instructors hold your harness at exit and you free fall with them.
或者你可以先做一个自由倒地, 在那里,两个指导员 握住你的绳子在出口, 你自由倒与他们。
They’re there to help you stabilize and to give you hand signals.
他们帮助你稳定局势,
But you pull your own ripcord and steer your parachute down and land it yourself.
但你自己拉起绳索 将降落伞放下 自己降落
The “toggles” allow a skydiver to steer the canopy and land safely.
" 跳伞 " 使潜水员能够安全地驾驶天冠和着陆。
EQUIPMENT Interviewer: What kind of equipment do you need?
设备 采访者: 你需要什么样的设备?
Bob: You need two parachutes, a harness, and a container that holds the parachutes.
你需要两个降落伞,一个带子,和一个装有降落伞的容器。
You don’t need special shoes—I know experienced skydivers who land in bare feet.
你不需要特别的鞋子。 我知道有经验的潜水员 赤脚地降落
You should wear a hard helmet, goggles, and a jumpsuit, which is a one-piece suit with a zipper up the front.
你应该戴一顶硬头盔,护目镜,并穿一身跳衣,这是一件单件西装,正面有拉链.
COST Interviewer: Is it an expensive hobby?
费用 采访者: 这是很贵的爱好吗?
Bob: A skydiver spends $1,000 to $1,500 (U.
鲍勃:一个跳天者花费了1000到1500美元(U.
S.)
S.) (中文(简体) ).
does 50 to 100 jumps at about $20 apiece.
50到100个跳跃 每人20美元左右
TECHNIQUES Interviewer: Are there different styles of jumping?
技术 采访者: 跳跃有不同的风格吗?
Bob: Yes, and serious skydivers try to get knowledge of all the different kinds of jumps.
鲍勃:是的,而认真的跳伞者试图获得对各种跳跃的了解.
I’ve jumped in a birdman suit, which has large wings on the arms and between the legs, like a bat.
我跳了个鸟人服,
Skydivers wear helmets, goggles, and colorful jumpsuits for protection and style.
天潜水员会穿戴头盔,护目镜和多彩的跳伞服来进行保护和作风.
Interviewer: Does that make you stay up longer?
采访者: 这让你多睡一会儿吗?
Bob: Yes.
对
It takes you twice as long to come down.
下来要花你两倍的时间
Instead of a one-minute free fall, you get two minutes.
而不是一分钟自由倒下, 你得到两分钟。
I’ve done the board too, where you jump with a board attached to your feet.
我也做了板子,
Interviewer: Do you stand on the board as you come down?
采访者: 你下来时站在板上吗?
Bob: Yes—stand up, and do flips, cartwheels, twists, and spins.
鲍勃:是的,站起来,并做翻转、轮子、扭转和旋转。
Interviewer: Kind of like the tricks kids do on their bicycles?
采访者: 有点像孩子们在自行车上的把戏?
Bob: Yes, except that we’re free-falling toward the ground.
鲍勃:是的,只是我们正自由倒向地上。
Interviewer: Do people skydive and land on a ski slope with a board?
采访者: 人们跳伞和降落 在滑雪坡与一板?
Bob: The board is not for snow, though it doesn’t mean someone hasn’t tried.
虽然这并不意味着有人没有尝试过。
People do all kinds of stunts in skydiving.
人们跳伞时会做各种特技.
I saw a guy land with a unicycle, then release his main chute, and ride away.
我看见一个人用单轮车着陆 然后放出他的主伞 然后骑走
The imagination can go anywhere in skydiving.
想象力在跳伞时可以去任何地方
There are many different disciplines.
有许多不同的学科.
There are accuracy landings, where you’re trying to hit a small disc.
有准确的着陆,你试图打出一个小盘子。
Some experts hit the disc every time.
一些专家每次都打出盘子.
There are also free-fall formations, in which people jump together and hold hands as they fall.
也存在自由倒地的阵型,人们会一起跳起并握起手来一并倒下.
Some do very large formations.
有的进行非常大的阵型.
You can turn different formations as you’re free-falling.
你可以在自由落地时改变不同的阵型。
The team that turns the most formations after a couple of jumps is the winner.
几起跳跃后转出阵容最多的球队是取胜.
Skysurfing is an extreme sport that combines gymnastics with surfing and skydiving.
Skysurfing是一种将体操与冲浪和跳伞相结合的极端运动.
Interviewer: You mean you’re changing the formation as you’re falling?
采访者: 您的意思是您正在改变阵型,
Bob: Yes.
对
It takes a lot of planning and a lot of practice.
这需要大量的计划和实践.
Teams that compete in this type of jumping do at least 1,000 jumps a year.
参加这种跳跃比赛的队伍每年至少跳出1000个.
The best known team is the Golden Knights.
最出名的队伍是金骑士.
Some skydivers want to be competitive, but the majority just want to go up and play.
一些跳天者想有竞争力,但大多数只是想上去玩.
When you jump from an airplane, you’re only thinking about what you’re doing, and your everyday worries go away.
当你从飞机上跳下来时,你只是在想自己在做什么,而你每天的担心就会消失。
It’s really exciting, flying without an airplane.
这真的令人兴奋,
Interviewer: Are there other disciplines?
采访者: 还有其他学科吗?
Bob: There’s free flying, where you’re falling head down or feet down the whole time.
鲍勃: 这里有自由飞行, 在那里,你头朝下或脚向下,
It takes a lot more discipline because you fall faster, so things happen quicker.
这需要更多的纪律 因为你跌得更快 所以事情发生得更快
In free-flying competitions, a video person free-falls with you, taking pictures with a camera on his helmet.
在自由飞行比赛中,一个视频人与你一起自由倒地,用头盔上的相机拍照.
There’s also freestyle, which is doing acrobatics in the air.
也有一些自由风格,
It takes about 1,000 jumps in a discipline to get good at it.
在一门学科中要跳出1000个左右才能学好.
HIS CHILDREN JUMP Interviewer: Do you have children who skydive?
他的孩子跳跃 采访者: 你有跳伞的孩子吗?
Bob: One daughter started at 13 and has over 200 jumps.
鲍勃:一个女儿从13岁开始,跳跃超过200次.
She’s a very good skydiver, but she’s going to college now, so she doesn’t jump as much as she’d like to.
她是一个非常优秀的跳伞运动员,
My younger daughter is just starting—she’s 12.
我小女儿才刚开始 她才12岁
She did her first tandem and will be doing more.
她第一次并肩行动,会做得更多
WHY BOB SKYDIVES Interviewer: Why do you skydive?
为什么鲍克・斯基维斯 采访者: 你为什么跳伞?
Bob: Most skydivers are really nervous at first.
鲍勃:大多数跳天者一开始都很紧张。
I remember having butterflies in my stomach every time for my first hundred jumps.
我还记得每次我跳一百个跳的时候 肚子里都有蝴蝶
But we skydivers love the feeling of extreme excitement—the adrenaline rush— when we jump.
但是,我们跳伞的人喜欢跳伞时的极度兴奋感,即肾上腺素冲动。
So even if we’re scared, we continue to jump.
即使我们害怕,我们也继续跳下去。
Eventually that fear goes away.
最终恐惧消失了。
I’ve done over 4,000 jumps.
我跳了4000多跳,
Bob Gates with his 12-year-old daughter, Ashley, after her first tandem skydive You can really fly when you’re skydiving!
鲍勃·盖茨和他12岁的女儿阿什利 在她第一次一起跳伞之后 你跳伞时真的可以飞了!
I believe we get addicted to the adrenaline rush.
我相信我们迷上肾上腺素热了
I notice it especially during the winter when I’m not jumping much.
我注意到,
Most experienced skydivers jump every week in the summer.
最有经验的跳伞运动员在夏天每周跳一次.
During the winter we could go months without jumping.
冬天我们可以跳几个月
I notice a big attitude change during that time, until I get to do a jump.
我注意到这期间的态度发生了很大变化,直到我开始跳跃.
Tandem jumping allows a new skydiver to jump with an experienced teacher using a parachute built for two.
坦德姆跳伞可以让新的跳伞者与有经验的老师一起跳伞,使用为两人所建造的降落伞.
Bob Gates and a tandem student prepare for landing.
鲍勃·盖茨和一个学生一起准备降落
Skydiving Trivia • Parachutes may have been invented 900 years ago in China.
Skydiving Trivia • 伞管可能是900年前在中国发明的.
More recently, in 1797, they were first used to jump from hot air balloons.
最近,在1797年,它们被首次用于从热气球上跳出.
from airplanes in the early 1900s.
从1900年代初的飞机。
The first military use of parachutes was in World War I.
降落伞的第一次军事用途是在一战.
coming ashore.
即将上岸。
GLOSSARY adrenaline a hormone that makes your body feel tense and excited (p.
GLOSSARI肾上腺素是一种激素,使你的身体感到紧张和兴奋(p.
22) altimeter a meter that measures distance from the ground (p.
22) 测量距离地表(p.
11) arch a skydiving position in which a person falls stomach-down with the hips thrust forward (p.
11)将跳伞姿势拱起,在跳伞姿势下,一个人会随着臀部向前推而倒下(p.
5) birdman a suit with fabric stretched between suit the arms and legs to allow for a slower free fall (p.
5) 鸟人用织物在服间伸展出手臂和腿来使回落更慢(p.
16) canopy skydiving term for the fabric of a parachute (p.
16) 对于降落伞的织物而言,有花冠的跳伞名词(p.
7) disciplines different forms of one activity (p.
7) 学科 一种活动的不同形式(p.
18) free fall falling without anything to slow you down (p.
18) 自由倒地而无所事事地延缓(p.
9) paratroopers parachuting military soldiers (p.
9) 伞兵空投军事士兵(p.
24) riggers professional, certified skydivers and parachute packers (p.
24) 机具专业,经认证的"跳伞"和"降落伞包"(p.
14) ripcord the cord that releases the parachute and allows it to open (p.
14)将放出降落伞并允许其打开的绳索拉开(p.
11) static line a cord, attached to an airplane, that automatically releases a parachute (p.
11) 固定线 (p.
5) tandem done with two people (p.
5) 与两人并肩完成(p.
14) toggle ropes ropes on either side of a parachute that allow the skydiver to steer (p.
14)将绳索切入降落伞两侧的两侧,使跳伞者能行驶(p.
14) wind the force of air pushing resistance against a moving object (p.
14)将气力推向对移动物体(p.
10) Equipment being dropped from a military airplane • Sport parachuting, or skydiving, developed after World War II using surplus military parachute equipment.
10) 二战后利用多余的军用降落伞设备所研制的从军用飞机上投放的装备 · 体育空投或跳伞。
like an umbrella, and could not be steered.
像伞一样,不能被引导。
They were originally made from silk.
它们最初由丝绸制成.
Today’s sport parachutes are rectangular and are shaped like an airplane wing.
今天的运动降落伞是长方形的,形状像飞机机翼.
They are designed with ropes and toggles for steering.
它们被设计成有绳子和指向的相机。
Nylon and Kevlar ® are the most popular materials.
Nylon和Kevlar是最受欢迎的材料。
from airplanes.
从飞机上。