Ships and Boats
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Early Ships and Boats.
4 早期船舶和船只。
5 Sailboats and Sailing Ships.
5艘帆船和帆船。
9 Steamships and Steamboats.
9艘蒸汽船和蒸汽船.
12 Modern Ships and Boats.
12 现代舰船.
13 Special Ships and Boats.
13艘特快舰船。
16 Conclusion.
16 结论。
18 Glossary.
18 词汇。
19 Introduction Before there were cars, trains, or airplanes, boats were the fastest way to travel.
19 在有汽车、火车或飞机之前,船只是最快的旅行方式。
Boats and ships helped to shape history, leading explorers to new lands and carrying goods, people, and ideas around the world.
船和船帮助塑造了历史,带领探险家来到了新的地盘,并在世界各地运送了货物,人员和思想.
Ships and boats have changed a lot over the years, but they still share many features with the earliest designs.
船舶和船只在过去几年中变化很大,但它们仍然与最早的设计有着许多相同的特征.
Let’s take a look at some of the different kinds of ships and boats.
让我们看看不同的船只和船只。
Boats anchored in a bay.
船停在海湾里
Early Ships and Boats The original boats were carved from single wooden logs.
早期船舶和船只 最初的船只由单木木木雕刻而成.
Boats of this kind date back to the Stone Age.
这种船可以追溯到石器时代.
People used fire along with tools made of stone, shells, or wood to hollow out the logs.
人们用火和由石头、炮弹或木头制成的工具来打空木头。
These dugout canoes were used in rivers, lakes, and oceans around the world.
这些被挖出的小舟曾被用在世界各地的河流,湖泊和海洋上.
People used long poles, paddles, or oars to move the canoes through the water.
人们用长杆,划桨,或桨来将小舟通过水中移动.
Paddles and oars are long pieces of wood with broad, flat ends that push against the water to move the boat forward.
桨和桨为长片木质,有宽阔平整的端口,可以向水上推倒来将船推进.
Later, people began to make boats with wooden frames.
后来,人们开始用木制相框做船.
They used steam to bend the wood into the shapes they needed to make the frame of the boat.
他们用蒸汽将木头弯曲成造船框所需的形状.
Then they covered the frame with bark or animal skins to keep out the water.
然后用树皮或动物皮来遮住水面
People living in the far north made kayaks from driftwood covered with sealskins.
生活在最北端的人们用漂流木做的皮划艇被海豹皮所覆盖.
They used these boats to hunt and fish over wide areas that they would not have been able to reach without boats.
他们利用这些船只在没有船只的情况下无法到达的广大地区打猎和捕鱼.
Some frame ships, such as galleys, were much larger than log boats.
一些框架船,如船坞,比木船大得多。
Thousands of years ago, many ancient civilizations around the Mediterranean Sea used galleys for trade and warfare.
数千年前,地中海周围的许多古老文明利用船坞进行贸易和战争。
The Egyptians, the Greeks, the Persians, and the Romans all used galleys to build and maintain their empires.
埃及人,希腊人,波斯人,和罗马人都用船坞来建立和维持他们的帝国.
Galleys were frame ships covered with wood that carried many rowers.
Galleys是装有许多划船工的木头的框架船。
The largest galleys had hundreds of rowers sitting on several decks.
最大的船舱有上百名划船者坐在多块甲板上.
Many galleys also had sails that could be used when the wind was blowing in the direction the ship was traveling.
许多船坞还设有能被风吹向飞船行驶方向时使用的帆.
Some galleys designed for warfare had rams built into their prows that could pierce the sides of enemy ships.
一些为战争而设计的战列舰 已经安装了可以穿透敌舰两侧的公羊
Over a thousand years ago, the Vikings of Scandinavia used wooden-framed longships to cross the sea to raid coastal towns and villages in neighboring countries.
一千多年前,斯堪的纳维亚的维京人用木制长船过海来突袭邻国的沿海城镇和村庄.
A typical longship was about 28 meters (90 ft) long and carried twenty to thirty oarsmen.
一艘典型的长船长约28米(90英尺)并搭载了20至30个桨手.
Like galleys, longships had sails in addition to their oars.
和船舱一样,长相船除了桨外还有起帆.
Viking longships were sometimes called “dragon ships” because of the dragon heads carved into their prows.
维京长船有时被称作 " 龙船 " ,因为龙头被雕刻成龙头。
The Vikings were skilled sailors and warriors, and their ability to land by surprise anywhere along the coast gave them a big advantage in battle.
维京人是熟练的水手和战士,他们能够以出其不意的方式在海岸的任何地方登陆,使他们在战斗中获得了很大的优势.
They also used longships for trade and exploration.
他们还用长船进行贸易和勘探。
Sailboats and Sailing Ships The ancient Egyptians were using sailboats over 5,000 years ago!
帆船和帆船 古埃及人五千年多前就使用帆船了!
The earliest sails were made from animal skins or from reed mats.
最早的起帆由动物皮或芦苇垫所出.
Later, sails were made out of strong linen or other cloth.
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Wind power captured by sails hanging from masts eventually became the main method used to move boats and ships.
从桅杆上吊起的帆被所捕获的风能最终成为了移动船只和船只的主要方法.
Sailboats could travel much farther distances than ships that relied on rowers for their power.
相较于依靠划船者的力量的船舶,帆船的行驶可能要远得多.
Sailboats could even sail against the wind by sailing a zigzag course into the wind.
帆船甚至可以逆风而行 航行一道Zigzag航道入风.
Around 500 years ago, larger sailing ships began to be built.
大约500年前,更大的帆船开始建造.
These sailing ships were able to cross the Atlantic Ocean and were used for trade and exploration.
这些帆船能够穿越大西洋并被用于贸易和勘探.
Famous explorers such as Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan used sailing ships to travel from Europe to North and South America.
克里斯托弗·哥伦布和斐迪南·麦哲伦等出名的探险家利用出海航行的船只从欧洲到北美和南美.
Magellan was also the captain of the first sailing expedition to sail completely around the world, a journey that ended in 1522 after more than three years.
麦哲伦还曾出任第一次航行远征队的船长,以完全环游世界,这一旅程经过了三年多后于1522年结束.
Steamships and Steamboats When steam engines were invented, they were used in many boat and ship designs.
蒸汽船和蒸汽船 蒸汽机被发明后,被用在许多船和船的设计上.
Steamships did not depend on the wind for power; they could sail directly into the wind, or even when there was no wind at all, which no sailing ship could do.
蒸汽船并不依赖于风来获得动力;它们可以直接出航入风中,甚至当根本就没有风来时,也没有帆船可以做到.
Steamboats using paddlewheels became an important way to move goods and people up and down rivers quickly.
使用桨轮的蒸汽船成为快速运送货物和人员上下河流的重要途径.
One of the largest and most famous steamships, the Titanic, sank in the North Atlantic Ocean after striking an iceberg in 1912.
泰坦尼克号是1912年打出冰山后在北大西洋沉没的最大和最出名的蒸汽船之一.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Sailing ships were also used by pirates around the Caribbean islands three hundred years ago.
三百年前,海盗在加勒比岛屿周围也使用了出行船只。
Many islands in this area were under the rule of faraway countries during this time.
这一地区的许多岛屿在此期间被远方国家所统治.
Their navies could not protect all the ships traveling back and forth between Europe and the Americas.
他们的海军无法保护所有往返于欧洲和美洲之间的船只.
Pirates looked for small or defenseless ships to plunder, stealing their valuable cargoes.
海盗寻找小型或无防御的船只来掠夺,偷取了他们宝贵的货物.
After robbing the crew and passengers of enemy ships, the pirates would often put them ashore on nearby islands and burn or take their ship.
在劫掠敌舰船员和乘客后,海盗们往往会将船员和乘客上岸于附近的岛屿上并焚烧或抢走他们的船只.
The most famous of these pirates, Blackbeard (Edward Teach), was killed in battle in 1718.
这些海盗中最出名的黑胡子(英语:Edward Teach)于1718年在战斗中被击毙.
Modern pirates still use ships to rob people in some parts of the world.
现代海盗仍然使用船只来抢劫世界一些地区的人.
Modern Ships and Boats Today, many boats are made of metal and plastic.
今天的现代船只和船,许多船只由金属和塑料制成.
Many ships and boats use diesel or gas-powered engines to turn their propellers.
许多舰艇使用柴油机或燃气动力发动机来转动螺旋桨.
The propellers push the boat through the water.
螺旋桨将船推入水中.
Some modern boats use the ancient catamaran design to travel very fast.
一些现代船只使用古老的克塔马兰设计,旅行非常快.
A catamaran has two hulls, which keep most of the boat out of the water.
一只克塔马兰有两只船体,使大部分船只出水.
This allows a catamaran to travel faster than most ships with only one hull.
这使得克塔马兰能比大多数只有一个船体的船更快出行.
Although large, modern boats with gasoline or diesel engines are everywhere, people still use smaller boats for fishing, fun, and sport.
虽然到处都有装有汽油或柴油发动机的大型现代船只,但人们仍然使用更小的船来捕鱼,玩乐和运动.
It is almost impossible to look at a river, lake, or ocean, and not see a variety of boats.
几乎不可能看到一条河流、湖泊或海洋,看不到各种船只。
Many smaller boats still use paddles, oars, or sails, just as the earliest boats did.
许多更小的船仍然使用桨,桨或起帆,就像最早的船一样.
Some modern ships are very large.
有的现代船只非常大.
Cruise ships are like floating hotels.
游轮就像漂浮的酒店
They can carry thousands of people to exotic destinations all around the world.
他们可以把成千上万的人带到世界各地的异地目的地.
Huge tankers carry oil and gas over the ocean.
巨型油轮载着油气过海.
Oil tankers are very large ships that are often over 304.
油轮是规模非常大的船只,经常超过304艘.
8 meters (1,000 ft) long.
8米(1000英尺)长.
The largest oil tanker in the world is over 457.
世界上最大的油轮超过457艘.
2 meters (1,500 ft) long—that’s longer than the Empire State Building in New York is tall!
2米(1,500英尺)长,比纽约帝国大厦还要高!
Special Ships and Boats Some boats and ships are designed to do special work.
特殊船舶和船只 一些船舶和船只被设计为从事特殊工作。
Tugboats push and pull larger ships in places where they can’t move themselves.
拖船在无法自行移动的地方推倒更大型的船只。
Tugboats also guide very large boats to dock when there is little room to maneuver a big boat.
拖船还引导非常大的船只去停泊,因为没有多少空间来操纵一艘船。
Fireboats help put out fires on other ships.
消防艇帮助扑灭了其他舰只起火.
Ferryboats carry cars and people short distances.
渡船搭载了短距离的汽车和人.
Navies use many types of ships and boats, large and small, to defend their coastal areas.
纳维亚使用多种大小的舰艇来保卫其沿海地区.
Military transport ships carry soldiers around the world.
军用运输船载兵环行.
Submarines hide under the surface of the water.
潜艇躲入水面下.
Aircraft carriers serve as floating runways and allow planes and helicopters to fly anywhere in the world.
航空母舰充当起浮跑道,并允许飞机和直升机在世界任何地方飞行.
Cruisers and destroyers patrol coastal waters.
巡洋舰和驱逐舰在沿海水域巡逻.
Conclusion Ships and boats have played an important part in the advancement of civilization.
船舶和船只在推进文明方面发挥了重要作用。
For thousands of years, they have allowed people to explore their world and travel to places that were once out of reach.
几千年来,他们允许人们探索自己的世界,并前往曾经无法到达的地方.
They are still an important way to move people and things quickly over the water.
它们仍然是快速移动人和事物于水上的重要途径.