Sea Turtles
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Types of Sea Turtles.
4 类海龟.
6 Physical Appearance.
6,物理外观.
12 Nesting.
12 (英语). Nesting.
15 Hazards.
15 危险。
20 Protecting Sea Turtles.
20"保护海龟".
22 Glossary.
22 词汇表。
26 Introduction Sea turtles have roamed the oceans for at least 150 million years.
26 引言 海龟在海洋中游荡了至少1.5亿年.
They are among Earth’s oldest surviving animals, having lived during the time of the dinosaurs.
他们是地球上存活最久的动物,
Like dinosaurs, sea turtles are reptiles, and like all reptiles, sea turtles are cold-blooded.
和恐龙一样,海龟是爬行动物,而同所有爬行动物一样,海龟是冷血的.
They have scaly skin, breathe air, and have a heart with three chambers.
它们有腐烂的皮肤, 呼吸空气, 和心脏与三个室。
Sea turtles have many living turtle relatives, including freshwater turtles, snapping turtles, tortoises, and soft-shelled turtles.
海龟有众多活生生的海龟亲属,包括淡水海龟,被子海龟,被子海龟,被子海龟等.
All of these turtles live either on land or in fresh water.
所有这些海龟要么生活在陆地上,要么生活在淡水中.
Sea turtles are the only turtles that live in the salt water of the world’s oceans.
海龟是唯一生活在世界海洋盐水中的海龟.
Types of Sea T urtles Sea turtles are divided into two types.
海洋类型 特克特斯海龟分为两种.
One type, called the leatherback, is covered with leathery skin.
一种叫"皮背",被皮革所覆盖.
Beneath this skin is a shell made of cartilage and thousands of tiny bones.
皮下是软骨和上千个小骨头所形成的外壳.
The cartilage forms prominent ridges that give the leatherback its unique appearance.
软骨形成突出的山脊,使皮革背部具有独特的外观.
The leatherback is the largest of all sea turtles and the most widely distributed.
皮背是所有海龟中最大的,分布最广.
It lives far out at sea except during breeding season.
除了繁殖季节,它远活在海上。
All types of sea turtles other than the leatherback have a shell made of bony plates, or scutes.
除皮背外的各类海龟都有一个由骨板所制成的外壳,或有切口.
The top part of the shell is called the carapace.
外壳的上部被称作"卡帕佩".
The part of the shell under the turtle’s belly is called the plastron.
龟腹下壳的部分被称作"花生".
These two parts are connected to the muscles and bones inside the turtle’s body.
这两个部分与龟体内的肌肉和骨骼相接.
The number and pattern of the scutes is helpful in identifying the type of sea turtle.
斑点的数量和模式有助于确定海龟的类型。
The green turtle is a medium to large sea turtle with a shell that has mottled markings.
绿龟为中型至大型海龟,外壳上有有自旋标记.
The green turtle’s head is small relative to its body when compared with other sea turtles.
与其它海龟相比,绿龟的头部相对身体较小.
It lives in many oceans around the world.
它生活在世界各地的许多海洋中.
The black turtle is sometimes called the Pacific green turtle.
黑龟有时被称作"太平洋绿龟".
Researchers disagree on whether it is a type of green turtle.
研究者对它是否属于绿龟类型有分歧.
The black turtle is dark gray with stripes of other dark colors.
黑龟为深灰色,有其他深色花纹.
It lives on the west coasts of North and South America.
其栖息地为北美洲和南美洲的西海岸.
The black turtle prefers to live in warm bays and protected shores, and is rarely found in the open ocean.
黑龟更喜欢活在温暖的海湾和被保护的海岸上,也很少出现在开阔的海洋中.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Unlike a land turtle, a sea turtle cannot pull its limbs or head into its shell.
与陆龟不同,海龟不能将四肢或头部拉入外壳.
The loggerhead turtle is a large reddish- brown sea turtle.
木头海龟(学名:Loggerhead systemis)为大戟科棕海龟属的动物.
It has an extremely large head for the size of its body.
它的体积很大
Loggerheads live along the coast in tropical and subtropical waters around the world.
洛格海德人生活在世界各地热带和亚热带水域的沿岸.
The hawksbill is a small to medium sea turtle with a hawklike beak.
鹰嘴鸟是一只中小型海龟,有鹰状喙.
Its shell has a distinctive pattern of thick, overlapping brown scales.
其外壳有明显的厚而相重叠的棕色鳞片形态.
It lives in and around shallow coastal waters in and around coral reefs.
它生活在珊瑚礁内和周围的浅海水域中和周围.
Olive ridley Kemp’s ridley Kemp’s ridley, one of the smallest sea turtles, has an oval shell that is black during juvenile years, changing to olive gray during adulthood.
Olive Ridley Kemp的Ridley Kemp是最小的海龟之一,
The Kemp’s ridley has one of the most restricted ranges of all sea turtles.
Kemp's ridley拥有所有海龟中最受限制的海龟范围之一。
Adults are rarely found outside of the Gulf of Mexico, and almost all Kemp’s ridleys nest on a five-mile stretch of beach in Mexico.
成人在墨西哥湾外很少出现, 几乎所有肯普的骑手都在墨西哥五英里长的海滩上筑巢.
The olive ridley, another small sea turtle, is similar to the Kemp’s ridley.
橄榄蕾是另一只小海龟,
However, its shell is thinner and its head is smaller.
然而,它的外壳更薄而头更小.
The shell is heart-shaped or round, and may be gray-brown, black, or olive green.
外壳为心形或圆形,可能为灰褐色,黑色,或橄榄绿色.
The olive ridley lives in coastal tropical regions of the world’s oceans.
橄榄蕾生活在世界海洋的沿海热带地区。
The Australian flatback lives in shallow waters off the coast of northern Australia and Papua New Guinea.
澳大利亚平背人生活在澳大利亚北部和巴布亚新几内亚近海的浅水中.
It stays close to the shore, never venturing into the open ocean.
它停留在靠近岸边, 从来没有进入出海口。
It prefers to live around coral reefs and grassy inlets.
它更喜欢生活在珊瑚礁和草地的入口周围.
The Australian flatback has a flat body with a smooth shell that is olive gray with lighter edges.
澳大利亚平背有平平的躯体,外壳平滑,外壳为橄榄灰色并有较轻的边缘.
Physical Appearance Sea turtles vary greatly in size.
物理外观 海龟的体型差异很大.
The largest is the leatherback, which can grow as large as 2.
最大的是皮背花,可长出至2.
2 m (7.
2米(7.
2 ft) and weigh up to 700 kg (1,500 lbs).
2英尺),体重可达700公斤(1,500磅).
The smallest sea turtles are the olive ridley and Kemp’s ridley.
最小的海龟是橄榄 rid和克姆普的 rid.
They may measure up to 71 cm (28 in) and weigh up to 45 kg (100 lbs).
它们可测量至71厘米(28英寸)并重至45公斤(100磅).
Adult male and female sea turtles of each species are equal in size.
每个物种的成年雄性海龟和雌性海龟大小相同.
Olive ridley Do You Know?
Olive Ridley 你知道吗?
The largest leatherback ever recorded weighed over one ton.
有史以来最大的皮背 重量超过一吨。
Sea turtles are strong, graceful swimmers and divers whose streamlined bodies are well adapted to life in the ocean.
海龟是强壮,优雅的游泳者和潜水者,其精简后的身体能很好地适应海洋中的生活.
Long front flippers provide the power for propelling through the water.
长的前翻车为从水中推进提供动力.
The hind flippers are used as rudders for steering.
后部翻转器用作方向舵.
When sea turtles are active, they need to return to the water’s surface every few minutes in order to breathe.
当海龟活动时,它们需要每隔几分钟返回到水面来呼吸.
When resting or sleeping, they can remain under water without breathing for two hours or more.
在休息或入睡时,它们可以在水下保持2小时或更长时间的呼吸.
Like all turtles, sea turtles have jaws that are beaklike in shape and lack teeth.
与所有海龟一样,海龟有喙状的下巴并缺乏牙齿.
The unique jaw shape of each species is an adaptation to its unique diet.
每个物种的独特下巴形状是适应其独特的饮食.
Some sea turtles are carnivorous (meat eating), some are herbivorous (plant eating), and some are omnivorous (eating both meat and plants).
有的海龟有食肉性(肉食),有的有草食性(植物取食),有的有食肉性(食肉和植物).
Green sea turtles are herbivorous as adults.
绿海龟成年后会食草.
Leatherbacks feed mainly on soft-bodied animals such as jellyfish.
皮背主要以水母等软体动物为食.
Loggerheads eat crabs, jellyfish, and mollusks.
龙头吃蟹,水母,和软体动物.
Hawksbill Sea turtles have beaklike jaws.
鹰嘴海龟有喙状下巴.
Nesting Sea turtles live almost their entire lives in water.
巢海龟几乎一生活在水中.
Females come onto sandy beaches mainly to lay their eggs.
雌性来到沙滩主要产卵.
Sea turtles are awkward and slow-moving on land, as well as being nearsighted.
海龟在陆地上是尴尬和缓慢移动的,同时也是近视.
Because of this, they are more vulnerable to attack by predators while on land.
因此,它们在陆地上更容易被掠食者攻击.
Most females return to the same nesting beach every year.
大多数雌性每年会回同个筑巢海滩.
They come ashore at night, alone, usually during high tide.
它们晚上独自上岸,通常在高潮期间.
A female chooses a spot above the high tide line so her eggs will not get washed away.
雌性在高潮线上方选择一个位置,这样她的卵就不会被冲走.
With her front flippers, she digs a pit for her body, then digs an egg cavity with her hind flippers.
以她前身的翻发器为她的身体挖出一个坑来,再用后身的翻发器挖出一个蛋腔来.
Leatherback Do You Know?
你知道皮背吗?
A male sea turtle may live its entire life without ever coming on land.
雄性海龟的一生都可能 永远不会到陆地上
The female sea turtle lays her eggs in the egg cavity.
雌海龟在蛋腔中产卵.
Depending on the species, she may lay between 50 and 200 eggs.
根据物种的不同,她可能产下50至200个卵.
The eggs, which look like Ping-Pong balls, have soft shells and do not break as they fall from her body.
外形为乒乓球的蛋有软壳,从她身体上掉下来时不会被打碎.
When the female has laid her eggs, she uses her hind flippers to cover them with sand.
雌性下卵后会用后花花被沙子覆盖.
The sand keeps the eggs hidden from predators and keeps them warm so they will incubate.
沙地使卵被捕食者所藏并保持温暖,以便孵化.
When a female sea turtle comes on land to lay her eggs, she often looks as though she is crying.
当一只雌性海龟上岸去产卵时,她经常看起来像是在哭.
This is because of a gland that helps rid her body of excess salt.
这是因为腺能帮助她摆脱过量的盐.
While on land, the “tears” help to keep sand out of her eyes while she is digging her nest.
在陆地上,在她挖掘巢穴时,“地沟”有助于使她的眼睛看不到沙子。
An egg from a sea turtle nest A female loggerhead returns to the ocean after laying her eggs.
一只海龟巢出产的卵 一只雌性伐木头在产下卵后返回了海洋
Her eyes are free of sand because of the “tears” she has cried.
由于她所哭的“眼泪”,她的眼睛没有沙子。
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Sometimes a female crawls onto land but for unknown reasons, decides not to nest.
有时雌鸟会爬上陆地 但由于未知的原因 决定不筑巢
This is called a “false crawl.”
这被称为“假爬行”。 “
Hazards Adult sea turtles have few natural enemies.
危害 成年海龟的天敌很少.
Sharks are the main predators, especially tiger sharks.
鲨鱼是主要的捕食者,特别是虎鲨.
Sea turtle eggs and hatchlings are eaten by fish, dogs, seabirds, raccoons, ghost crabs, and other predators.
海龟蛋和幼崽被鱼,狗,海鸟,浣熊,鬼蟹等食用.
More than 90 percent of hatchlings are eaten by predators.
超过90%的幼崽被捕食者吃掉.
Only about 1 in 1,000 sea turtles survives to maturity.
只有约千分之一的海龟活到成熟.
Hawksbill Do You Know?
霍克斯比尔你知道吗?
Sea turtle eggs do not start out male or female.
海龟蛋不是开始于雄性或雌性.
The temperature of the surrounding sand helps to determine the sex of the hatchling.
周围沙地的温度有助于确定幼虫的性别.
Hot sand produces more females, and cool sand produces more males.
热砂能产生更多的雌性,而凉砂能产生更多的雄性.
Many kinds of predators feast on sea turtle hatchlings.
许多种类的掠食者在海龟幼崽上盛宴.
Sea turtle eggs hatch between 45 and 70 days after being laid.
海龟蛋在被放出后45至70天孵出.
Hatchlings usually wait until night to emerge from the nest.
哈特灵通常会等到晚上从巢穴中出来.
They are very vulnerable to predators when they first hatch.
它们刚孵出时就非常容易受到捕食者的影响.
Nighttime is a safer time for them to make their way to the water.
晚上是他们去取水的更安全的时刻
Still, many hatchlings do not survive the trip to the ocean.
然而,许多幼崽在出海之行中无法幸存.
The most serious dangers to all kinds of sea turtles come from human impact.
各种海龟面临的最严重威胁来自人类的撞击.
Nesting areas are scarce because of building construction along beaches.
巢湖地区由于沿海滩建设而稀缺.
Lights, noise, trash, and activity on beaches can discourage adult females from coming on shore.
灯光、噪音、垃圾和海滩上的活动可以阻止成年女性上岸。
All of these things also confuse hatchlings, who may accidentally head away from the ocean instead of toward it.
所有这些事情也都混淆了幼崽们,他们可能意外地离开海洋而不是走向海洋。
Some sea turtles die from eating trash.
一些海龟死于吃垃圾.
Leatherbacks often mistake plastic for jellyfish and die when it clogs up their digestive system.
皮背通常会误用塑料来取水母,当塑料凝固了它们的消化系统后会死亡.
Sea turtles can also die from injuries caused by collisions with boats.
海龟也可能被与船只相撞而受伤而死.
Protecting Sea T urtles Thousands of sea turtles drown each year in shrimp nets.
保护海洋 T 尔特尔 每年有上千只海龟被虾网淹没.
United States law requires shrimp fishermen to use a Turtle Excluder Device (TED) on all shrimp nets, which is a trap door inside the shrimp net that allows sea turtles to escape.
美国法律要求捕虾者在所有虾网上使用Turtle排除器(TED),这是虾网内部的陷阱门,可以让海龟逃脱.
TEDs have saved the lives of many turtles.
TED拯救了多只龟的生命.
However, some shrimp fishermen do not follow the law.
然而,一些捕虾者不遵守法律。
Shrimp nets without TEDs continue to be a danger to sea turtles.
没有TED的虾网仍然是对海龟的威胁.
Shrimp trawling net with Turtle Excluder Device (TED) shown in box A female sea turtle is discouraged from nesting because of buildings and oceanside development.
框中显示的虾拖网中含有排除龟的装置(TED) 由于建筑物和洋边的发展,母海龟不敢筑巢。
(left) The turtle and shrimp enter the TED.
乌龟和虾进入TED。
which then opens to release the turtle.
然后打开 释放出龟。
Sea turtles are also hunted for their shells, which are used to make combs, eyeglass frames, and souvenirs.
海龟还被猎取出它们的贝壳,用来制作梳子,眼镜相框和纪念品.
Another danger to sea turtles is the illegal collection of their eggs for food.
对海龟的另一个危险是非法采集它们的卵来取食.
Green turtles and other sea turtles are also hunted illegally for their meat.
绿龟等海龟也因吃肉被非法猎取.
All eight species of sea turtles are threatened or endangered in the United States.
所有8个海龟物种在美国都受到威胁或濒危.
It is illegal to harm or interfere with a sea turtle or its eggs.
伤害或干扰海龟或其卵子是非法的。
An international treaty protects all species of sea turtles, and over 100 countries have banned the import or export of sea turtle products.
一项国际条约保护了所有海龟物种,100多个国家已经禁止了海龟产品的进出口.
Still, many people break laws or are careless.
尽管如此,许多人还是违法或粗心大意.
Sea turtle protection must be improved considerably if they are to survive into the future.
海龟保护工作要在未来生存下去,就必须大大地改进。
Signs like this one warn people to avoid sea turtle nests.
像这样的标志 警告人们不要靠近海龟巢
Many people in many countries are working to keep sea turtle numbers from dwindling.
许多国家的许多人正在努力防止海龟数量减少。
Volunteers in many nesting areas put screens over the nests to keep out predators, and post warning signs to alert beachcombers to the presence of nests.
许多筑巢地的志愿者将屏风放入巢上以挡住捕食者,并张贴出警告信号以提醒海滨combers注意巢的存在.
Eggs laid too close to the water are often moved to higher ground.
产卵太靠近出水的地方,常常被移到地势较高的地上.
People are also working to protect important nesting sites by making them wildlife refuges.
人们还努力保护重要的筑巢地,使其成为野生动物的避难所.
Also, many clinics help to rescue and give medical attention to injured sea turtles.
此外,许多诊所还帮助救助并治疗受伤的海龟。
Some zoos and aquariums have captive sea turtles.
一些动物园和水族馆有被俘的海龟.
Sea turtles are much happier in the wild.
海龟在野外更快乐.
But it is also good for people to learn about sea turtles and watch them up close.
但是,人们了解海龟并近距离观察海龟也是有益的.
People can also learn about the many hazards to sea turtle survival caused by humans.
人们还可以了解人类对海龟生存造成的许多危害.
Hopefully, enough people will care about sea turtles to preserve their habitats and help them to survive.
希望有足够的人会关心海龟来保护栖息地并帮助他们生存.
Glossary carapace (n.)
词汇(n.)
the top of a turtle’s shell (p.
龟壳顶部(p.
7) carnivorous (adj.)
7)食肉(adj.
(adj.)
(中文(简体) ).
(adj.)
(中文(简体) ).
People enjoy watching and learning about sea turtles.
人们喜欢观看并学习海龟.