Say It with Pictures
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 The Language of the Gods.
4 神通语言.
5 Egyptian Hieroglyphs.
5 (埃及语). Egyptian Hieroglyphs.
6 Clay, Stone, Paper.
6 Clay, Stone, 纸.
8 The Glyphs of Mesoamerica.
8 中苏美里加的格莱弗斯.
10 Complex and Beautiful.
10 复杂而美丽。
11 The Life of Mayan Scribes.
11"玛雅史克来宾之生".
13 Conclusion.
13 结论。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Introduction Would you know what to do if you saw this sign?
导言 你知道如果你看到这个标志怎么办吗?
This traffic signal is easy to understand with just pictures.
这个交通信号很容易用图片来理解.
People have used pictures for much longer than they’ve used written words.
人们用相片的时间比用文字长得多。
Picture languages have been used to tell stories and give information.
图片语言被用来讲述故事和提供信息。
Using pictures makes messages easy to understand for many people.
使用相片让许多人容易理解信息.
Two languages—Egyptian hieroglyphs and Mayan glyphs—are among the most recognizable picture languages used.
两种语言: 埃及象形文字和玛雅格来语是所使用的最能识别的图片语言之一。
The red hand on this street sign means Don’t Walk.
这个街道标志上的红手表示"不要走".
The Language of the Gods Travelers to modern Egypt find hieroglyphs everywhere.
神通旅行者到现代埃及的语言到处都能找到象形文字.
Famous ruins have many picture symbols.
出名的废墟有许多图片符号.
Tall monuments and temple walls are carved with them.
高高的纪念碑和寺庙墙被刻上.
That is because for almost three thousand years (3100 bce–332 ce), Egyptians believed that written language was sacred.
这是因为近三千年(3100 bce–332 ce)以来,埃及人认为书面语言是神圣的.
Language was a gift from the gods.
语言是神的礼物
It was the ruler’s duty to use this gift.
使用这种礼物是统治者的责任。
Scribes working for the king, or pharaoh, had this duty.
史克威尔斯为国王工作,或称法老,有这一职责.
Writing was not easy.
写作不容易。
Scribes had to know over seven hundred symbols, called hieroglyphs.
Scribes必须知道700多个符号,称为象形文字.
The sons of scribes were sent to a special “scribe school” at age six or seven to learn them.
文士的儿子们被送到六七岁的特别“文士学校”学习。
It took several years for a student to become a scribe.
一个学生花了几年才成为文士.
Young scribes had to understand how to use and place glyphs properly.
年轻的文士们必须懂得如何使用并妥善放置格言.
The word hieroglyph comes from the Greek hieroglyphikos, which means “sacred carving.”
象形文字一词出自希腊象形文字,意为"神圣地雕刻". “
W W Egyptian Hieroglyphs There were two types of Egyptian hieroglyphs.
W W 埃及平面文字 埃及象形文字有两种.
One type stood for whole words, such as duck, walk, or Sun.
一种类型代表整个词,如鸭子,行走,或太阳.
Another type stood for sounds.
另一种类型代表声音。
They were like letters in our modern alphabet.
他们就像我们现代字母表中的字母
Some glyphs stood for letter combinations, such as sh.
一些格言代表了字母组合,如sh.
There were twenty-four of these types of glyphs in the Egyptian writing system.
埃及书写系统中有24种这类格言.
A modern scroll of the Egyptian hieroglyphic alphabet shows characters and the letter sounds they represent.
埃及象形文字的现代卷轴显示了人物和他们所代表的字母.
Hieroglyphic messages were written in rows or columns.
Hioglyphic 信件是按行或列写的 。
They were read from right to left.
他们从右到左被读取。
The system did, however, have a special symbol for writing about the king.
然而,这个系统确实有一个特别的象征来记载国王.
Symbols about the pharaoh or his family were always placed in a rectangular or oval shape.
关于法老或其家族的符号总是被放入长方形或椭圆形.
The shape stood for the flat Earth and the Sun passing over it.
形状代表了平地和太阳穿过它。
It showed the pharaoh’s power over all.
这显示了法老的力量。
A stone carving with the name of an Egyptian pharaoh Hieroglyphs were common sights on ancient Egyptian temples.
以埃及法老Hieroglyphs为名的石刻是古埃及寺庙上常见的景点.
Clay, Stone, Paper The earliest examples of hieroglyphs date back to around 3100 bce.
Clay, Stone, 纸张 最早的象形文字例子可以追溯到3100 bce左右.
Tiny clay tags were carved with glyphs.
细粘土标签被刻有甘油.
Later hieroglyphs were carved into stone.
后来的象形文字被雕刻成石头.
These marks were used to present important news.
这些标记被用来呈现出重要的新闻.
The carvings were often made on large stone slabs called stelae.
木雕常被制作在被称作"斯泰莱"的大石板上.
Hieroglyphs were also carved on tombs.
平面文字也刻于墓上.
Carving glyphs into stone was a lot of work.
将石刻刻成石刻是一大活.
Eventually, scribes began using reed pens and ink to write glyphs on a special kind of paper.
最终,文士们开始使用芦苇笔和墨水来在一种特殊的纸上作甘油.
Writing was much easier than carving.
写作比雕刻容易得多。
It let scribes record information more quickly.
它让文士更快地记录信息.
Carved stone hieroglyphs were used less and less.
雕刻出石象形文字的用法越来越少.
Today, you don’t have to travel to Egypt to see real hieroglyphs.
今天你不必去埃及看真正的象形文字。
Museums in big cities show Egyptian writing.
大城市的博物馆展出埃及文写作.
In some cities, all you have to do is walk down the street.
在有些城市,你只需要走在街上
A public square in Paris, France, is home to a three-thousand- year-old Egyptian obelisk.
位于法国巴黎的一个公共广场是一座有三千年历史的埃及方尖碑.
The obelisk was a gift from Egypt to France in 1833.
方尖碑是埃及于1833年送给法国的礼物.
The Luxor Obelisk in Paris, France, came from Egypt.
法国巴黎的卢克索方尖碑出自埃及.
The Cup of Immortality was found in a pharaoh’s tomb.
在法老的坟墓中发现了不朽之杯.
The Glyphs of Mesoamerica As the use of Egyptian hieroglyphs was decreasing, the use of another pictographic writing system was increasing.
中美洲的格莱弗斯 由于埃及象形文字的使用正在减少,另一个象形文字写作系统的使用也在增加.
The ancient Maya were a group of people who lived in what is now southeastern Mexico.
古代玛雅人是一群人 生活在现在的墨西哥东南部
The earliest examples of Mayan glyphs date back to only bce.
玛雅格莱夫斯最早的例子可以追溯到只有bce.
The Maya, like the Egyptians, believed writing to be a gift from the gods.
玛雅人同埃及人一样,认为写作是神的礼物.
Since writing was sacred, only scribes and royalty were allowed to learn to read and write.
由于写作是神圣的,所以只允许文士和皇族学习读写.
Glyphs cover a wall in Palenque, Mexico, a preserved Mayan city.
格莱夫斯覆盖了墨西哥帕伦克的一堵墙,是保存完好的玛雅城市.
Complex and Beautiful Like Egyptian hieroglyphs, the 800 or so Mayan glyphs were split into two groups.
复杂而美丽的像埃及象形文字,大约800多位玛雅格律被分为两组.
Most of them stood for whole words.
多数人支持整句话。
The other 150 or so were used as prefixes and suffixes.
其他150个左右作为前缀和后缀使用.
The Maya did not have an alphabet with letter glyphs.
玛雅人没有字母拼写字母表。
Mayan words were written by putting glyphs together in a square shape.
玛雅语词的写法是用平方形把格来拼凑在一起.
A group of glyphs went together like words in a sentence.
一组格言相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相
The squares were placed in two columns next to each other.
广场被放在相邻的两个柱子上.
They were read from left to right, then down in a zigzag pattern.
他们从左到右被读取,然后以Zigzag模式下.
Mayan numbers are made up of three symbols: a shell shape, dots, and bars.
玛雅数字由三个符号组成:一个外壳形状,点和条.
Mayan Numbers The design of each square was a source of pride to scribes.
玛雅数字 每个广场的设计使文士感到骄傲.
They wanted their work to stand out, so they arranged the glyphs in a pleasing way.
他们希望他们的工作突出,所以他们以令人愉快的方式安排了甘油.
This made each message uniquely beautiful.
这让每个信息都变得特别美丽。
It also made reading it a bit difficult since each scribe could write the same thing in a different way.
这也让阅读变得有些困难,因为每个文人可以用不同的方式写出同样的东西.
A carved stone with calendar glyphs was found in a Mayan temple in Mexico.
在墨西哥的一座玛雅神庙中出土了一块刻有日历格莱弗斯的石刻.
Itzamna, the Mayan god of creation, is shown on pottery.
玛雅人创造之神伊特扎姆纳被展示在陶器上.
The Life of Mayan Scribes Just as Egyptian scribes were important to a pharaoh, Mayan scribes were important to tribal kings.
玛雅人的生平 正如埃及文士对一位法老很重要一样,玛雅文士对部落国王也很重要.
Scribes wrote books used in religious ceremonies.
Scribes撰写了宗教仪式中使用的书籍.
Mayan writing was often used to record victories in battle.
玛雅写作常被用来记录战斗中的胜利.
Monuments and temples had glyphs carved into their stone walls.
纪念碑和寺庙被刻入了他们的石墙上.
The messages were written to tell about the ruler’s successes.
这些讯息是为了讲述统治者的成功。
These displays were a way for rulers to show power.
这些展示是统治者展示力量的一种方式.
It’s About Time Many Mayan documents were about timekeeping.
多位玛雅人的文件是关于计时的。
The Maya were stargazers.
玛雅人是星探
Their calendar had 365 days divided into eighteen 20-day months.
他们的日历有365天,分为18个20天月。
Five leftover days, called wayeb, were thought to be unlucky.
5个被叫作"Weeb"的剩余日子被认为不吉利.
Mayan scribes wrote about the king.
玛雅文士们写了国王的故事.
It was up to the scribes to post these messages in public.
由文士公开发表这些讯息。
This was easy and safe for scribes of a king who won a battle.
这对于一个赢得了一场战役的国王的文士来说是容易而安全的.
It was not as easy for scribes when their king lost.
当文士们的国王失利时,他们并不容易。
The winners of the battle made sure that losing scribes could never write again.
这场战役的胜利者确保了失去的文士永远无法再写作.
Amazing examples of Mayan glyphs can be seen at sites throughout the Yucatan Peninsula.
在尤卡坦半岛各地都可以看到玛雅甘油的惊人例子。
Like Egyptian hieroglyphs, Mayan glyphs tell stories of people who lived long ago.
与埃及象形文字一样,玛雅格莱夫也讲述了很久以前生活过的人的故事.
Conclusion The beautiful picture languages of the ancient Maya and the Egyptians are no longer used.
结论 古代玛雅人和埃及人美丽的图片语言已经不再被使用.
Many other ancient picture languages, however, are still used today.
然而,今天仍然使用许多其他古老的图片语言。
Asian languages, such as Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, feature thousands of pictographic symbols.
中文,日文,韩文等亚洲语言有上千个象形符号的特点.
Modern picture languages exist as well.
现代图片语言也存在.
Simple block glyphs appear on signs for international travel.
国际旅行的标志上出现简单的块状格子.
These symbols direct travelers from all parts of the world where to get their bags or catch a bus.
这些符号直接从世界各地的旅行者那里取出行李或接通巴士.
It’s much easier to use glyphs than to make signs in many languages.
使用格言比用多种语言做标记容易得多。
Now, as in the past, a single picture sometimes works just as well as a dozen words!
现在,像过去一样,一幅相片有时和十几句话一样有效!
Picture symbols make travel easy for people around the world.
图片符号让世界各地的人们轻松地旅行.