and Recycles
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Recycle, Reuse, or Trash?
内容回收、再使用或回收表?
4 Nature Reuses and Recycles.
4 自然再利用与再利用.
6 Some Living Things Eat Dead Things.
6 一些活着的人 吃死的东西 东西
9 The Nutrient Cycle.
9 营养循环。
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
16 Word Wise The word recycle has two word parts: re- and cycle.
16 词智 "再生"一词有"再生"和"循环"两部分.
The word part re- means “again.”
这一部分再次表示“再次”。 “
The word cycle means to circle around.
单词循环意为环绕.
Just as a bicycle wheel circles around and around, recycled materials can move from your home to a recycling plant and back to your home again.
就像一个自行车轮转来转去 回收材料可以从你家搬到一个回收厂 然后再回到你家
Recycle, Reuse, or Trash?
回收、再利用还是垃圾?
Clink!
弯曲!
Bonk!
咚！
Plunk!
普伦克!
Those are the sounds of cans and bottles being tossed into the trash—or into the recycling bin.
这些是罐子和瓶子被扔入垃圾桶或回收桶的声音。
Items such as cans, bottles, and newspapers can be treated as trash, but they can be recycled instead.
罐子,瓶子等物品和报纸可被作为垃圾处理,但可以回收取而代之.
When you recycle something, the materials that make up the thing can be remade into a new thing.
当你回收一些东西时,构成这个东西的材料可以被再做成新的东西.
Some craft projects give used cans a new purpose.
一些工艺项目赋予了用过的罐头新的用途.
Recycling is different from reusing.
再循环不同于再利用。
When you reuse something, you keep it in the same form and do not have to break it down and remake it.
复用某物后,会保持同种形态并不必分解再再作.
When you reuse a bottle, you might fill it up with water again, but you don’t have to reuse something for its original purpose.
当你重新使用一瓶酒时,你可能会再次用水来灌入它,但你不必重新使用某种东西来达到它最初的目的。
When you reuse a soup can, you might keep pencils in it.
当你重用一个汤罐, 你可能保留铅笔在里面。
When you reuse newspaper, you might use it to wrap birthday presents.
当你再用报纸的时候,你可能会用它来包装生日礼物.
After you are through reusing something, you can then recycle it or reuse it again!
在你通过再用后,你可以再回收或再再用!
Caption to come.
说明要来。
- K-Z Nature Reuses and Recycles People are not the only ones who reuse and recycle.
- K-Z自然再利用和再利用 不只有人们可以再利用和再循环。
Nature does this, too, with organic materials.
自然也用有机材料来做这个。
Organic materials are what living things are made of.
有机材料是活物所由来.
By reusing and recycling organic materials in nature, living things adapt and survive.
通过在自然界中再利用和再生有机材料,活物会适应并生存.
Take a tree.
取一树.
Every part of it can be used and reused in some way by other living things.
它的每一部分都可以被其他活物以某种方式使用并再用.
Other plants, along with insects, birds, and other animals, have adapted to use parts of the tree to help them survive, too.
其他植物,还有昆虫,鸟类,以及其他动物,也适应了利用部分树来帮助活下来.
For instance, the original purpose of a tree’s leaves is to make food for the tree to survive.
例如,一棵树叶的最初目的是为树提供食物来生存.
But a tree’s leaves also offer shade for sprouting plants.
但一棵树的叶子也为生芽植物提供遮荫.
Birds line their nests with leaves.
鸟以叶为巢.
Sometimes squirrels reuse a bird’s nest for their own.
有时松鼠会将鸟巢重新用于自己的用途.
Some insects make homes from dead leaves.
有的昆虫用枯叶来做家.
That’s five uses for the same leaves!
同样的叶子有五种用途!
Trees are used in other ways, too.
树也用他道.
Owls make homes in the hollows of tree trunks.
猫头鹰在树干空心地造出家
Beavers cut down trees and branches to make their homes.
海狸砍倒了树木和树枝来制造家园.
Some animals eat bark, leaves, and fruit from trees.
有些动物会吃树皮,树叶和果实.
Coot nest and egg Screech owl A nurse log supports a new generation of trees in Pacific Rim National Park, British Columbia, Canada.
焦巢和蛋 Screech owl A 护士日志支持加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省环太平洋国家公园的新一代树木.
Trees also provide valuable help to other living things when they die.
树木也为其他活物死后提供宝贵的帮助.
Fallen trees become “nurse logs” that provide food and a protected place for new trees and other plants to grow.
倒倒倒的树木成为“裸木”,为新树木和其他植物的生长提供食物和保护地。
Dead trees provide a home for animals.
枯树为动物提供家园.
They can also provide food and building materials for other organisms.
它们也可以为其他生物提供食物和建筑材料.
The crested caracara looks like a hawk but behaves like a vulture.
被封为"克克"的"克""克"克"克"克"克"克"克"克"克""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
Here, it scavenges a dead fish.
这里,它挖出一条死鱼。
Some Living Things Eat Dead Things When dead things decompose, they break down, rot, or decay.
一些生活的东西吃死 东西 死物分解后会分解,腐烂或腐烂.
Imagine what would happen if nothing decomposed: dead plants and animals would just pile up!
想象一下,如果没有任何腐烂的东西会发生什么:死去的植物和动物只会堆积起来!
Lucky for us, several groups make sure that doesn’t happen.
幸运的是,
The first group that helps things decompose is made up of large scavengers.
最早帮助事物分解的组分由大型出土者所组成.
These are animals with backbones that feed on dead and decaying flesh.
这些是有脊椎的动物 以死而腐烂的肉为食
Large scavengers eat the dead flesh, then return the nutrients to nature through their waste.
大型的取腐动物会吃死肉,然后通过它们的废弃物将营养还给自然.
Nutrients give living things energy and help them grow.
养分给活物能量并帮助他们生长.
The American burying beetle can sniff out a freshly dead animal from more than 3 kilometers (almost 2 miles) away.
美埋甲虫能从3多公里(近2英里)外嗅出一头刚死去的动物.
Once common in thirty-five U.
曾经常见于35U.
S.
师曰.
states and parts of Canada, it is now an endangered species.
现为濒危物种。
Many mammals scavenge.
很多哺乳动物会偷猎
These include opossums, raccoons, dogs, cats, rodents, and skunks.
其中包括 op,浣熊,狗,猫,啮齿动物和臭鼬.
Large mammals that hunt—such as hyenas, lions, and coyotes—also scavenge at times.
猎取大型哺乳动物——如hy、狮子和野狼——有时也会偷猎。
Birds that scavenge include crows, ravens, and vultures.
斑斑的鸟类包括乌鸦,乌鸦和秃鹫.
A second group of decomposers does not have backbones.
第二组分解者没有骨干.
It includes insects such as flies, beetles, and larvae (LAR-vee) that eat dead flesh.
它包括苍蝇,甲虫等昆虫和吃死肉的幼虫(LAR-vee).
Earthworms eat dead leaves that fall to the ground or plants that have died and begun to rot.
蚯蚓会吃倒地的枯叶或已经死亡并开始腐烂的植物.
When earthworms eat dead plants, their bodies make waste.
蚯蚓吃枯花植物时,会使身体产生浪费.
These bits of waste look like little blobs of soil, and in fact these blobs are rich food for plants.
这些废物看起来像是小块地, 事实上这些地块是植物的丰富食物。
They contain many nutrients that plants need to develop and grow.
它们含有许多植物需要发展和生长的养分.
Plants take up nutrients from the soil through their roots.
植物通过根茎从土壤中取取养分.
The natural materials move in a circle from plants to worms and back to plants again.
天然材料在一圈中从植物向蠕虫移动并再次回向植物.
The plant gets nutrients from the soil.
植物从土壤得到营养.
The plant dies.
植物会枯萎
The earthworm eats the dead plant parts.
蚯蚓会吃被枯死的植物零件.
The earthworm makes waste that mixes with the soil.
蚯蚓会制造出与土壤相混合的废物.
and the cycle begins again.
循环又开始了
Earthworms at Work Microbes such as bacteria can only be seen under a microscope.
工作上的蚯蚓,细菌等微生物,只能在显微镜下被看到.
The third important group is made up of microbes, such as bacteria and some fungi.
第三个重要群体由细菌等微生物和一些真菌组成.
These organisms are too small to see.
这些生物体太小,无法看见.
They feed on many dead things, from fallen trees to the guts of dead animals.
它们以许多死物为食 从倒倒倒的树到死去的动物的胆量
These organisms break down organic materials in things that have died.
这些生物在已经死亡的事物中分解出有机物.
This process makes chemicals that can be used by other living things.
这个过程使化学物质可以被其他活物所使用.
Other fungi are big enough to see— mushrooms and toadstools, for instance— so these are not microbes.
其他真菌的体型足够大,例如蘑菇和蛤蟆,所以这些不是微生物。
However, large or small, fungi break down dead things.
然而,无论大小,真菌会分解出已经死亡的东西.
Fungi are different from green plants, in part because they can’t make their own food.
原菌与绿色植物不同,
Instead, fungi feed on dead plants and animals, helping them decompose.
取而代之的是真菌以已死的植物和动物为食,帮助它们分解.
This fungus is found in soil that contains pigeon droppings.
这种真菌存在于含有鸽子滴的土壤中.
Fungi spores in rye grain bread mold Fun Facts About Fungi More than 1 million different species of fungi live in our world.
黑麦粒面包模具中的真菌孢子 有关真菌的《事实》 超过100万种不同的真菌 生活在我们的世界里
Mushrooms are some of the most visible—you might even spot some in your backyard after a big rain.
蘑菇是最显眼的,大雨后你甚至可能在后院发现一些。
Some are delicious.
有一些是美味的。
Some are deadly.
有些是致命的。
Some fungi can cure disease, while others can cause it.
有的真菌能治愈疾病,有的则能引起疾病.
Some can glow in the dark.
有些人会在黑暗中发光
And while some are too small to see, a fungus known as the honey mushroom may be the largest living thing on the planet.
虽然有些太小,看不到, 一种被称作蜂蜜蘑菇的真菌 可能是地球上最大的活物。
Believed to be 2,400 years old, it covers more than 8 square kilometers (2,000 acres).
据信有2400年历史,占地面积超过8平方千米(2,000英亩).
Caption to come.
说明要来。
- K-Z The Nutrient Cycle Decay can seem like an end, but it’s also a beginning.
-克兹 养分循环衰减似乎是一个结束,
That’s because once something has rotted, or decomposed, the materials that made up that thing are free to make something else.
这是因为一旦有东西腐烂或分解, 构成该物质的材料就可以自由制造出其他的东西。
All the things we need for life on Earth are already here.
地球上生命所需要的一切已经在这里了
They’ve been here since Earth began.
从地球开始,
Those things change their shape and appearance, of course.
当然,这些东西改变了它们的外形和外观。
But for life here to continue, this nutrient cycle must keep moving.
但是要让生命继续下去 养分循环必须不断前进
Once a living thing has died, its nutrients must cycle back for some other living thing to use.
一旦一个活物死了,它的营养物质必须循环回流,以供其他活物使用.
Think of it this way: we are borrowing the things that make up our bodies.
这样想:我们正在借用构成我们身体的东西。
When we’re done, it’s time to give them back to the living.
让他们回到活人身边。
Decomposers help make that happen.
拆解者帮助实现这一点。
The Problem with Plastic What doesn’t cycle through nature?
塑料问题 为何自然不会循环?
Plastic.
塑胶
It simply piles up—in landfills, oceans, and just about everywhere else.
它只是堆积在垃圾填埋地、海洋和其他地方。
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a floating landfill of garbage in Earth’s largest ocean.
大太平洋垃圾补丁是地球上最大的海洋垃圾的漂浮填埋地。
It’s twice the size of Texas and mostly made of plastic.
这是德克萨斯州的两倍,
Plastic takes a very long time to break down.
塑料需要很长的时间才能破解.
Even when it does, plastic doesn’t enter into the nutrient cycle.
塑料不会进入营养循环。
It isn’t organic.
这不是有机的。
All the more reason why humans, who create it, should also recycle it!
更何况创造它的人类,也应该回收它!
Think of all the ways that living things use other living and dead things.
想想一切活物使用其他活物和活物的方式.
You can see that nature does an awful lot of reusing and recycling.
你可以看到自然会重复使用和回收。
People should reuse and recycle as much as they can so they create less trash.
人们应该尽可能多地再利用和再循环,从而减少垃圾。
But nature reuses or recycles every part of every living thing—it leaves no trash at all.
但自然会重复使用或回收每一部分活物,
We can learn a lot from nature.
我们可以从自然界学到很多东西。
Caption to come.
说明要来。
- K-Z Glossary adapt (v.)
-克兹 词汇调整(五)
to change to fit a new or specific situation or environment (p.
以适应新的或特定的情况或环境(p.
6) chemicals (n.)
6)化学品(不详)
substances that have specific properties and can combine with other substances to make new things (p.
具有特定性质并可以与其他物质结合来制造出新事物的物质(p.
12) decay (v.)
12) 衰变(五.
to rot or break down slowly through natural processes (p.
通过自然过程慢慢地腐烂或分解(p.
9) fungi (n.)
9) 真菌 (n.
living things that grow on organic material and produce spores (p.
在有机物上生长并产生孢子的活物(p.
12) materials (n.)
12) 材料 (n.
matter, parts, or elements that make up objects (p.
物质、部件或构成对象的元素(p.
4) microbes (n.)
4) 微生物 (n.
microscopic organisms (p.
显微生物 (p.
12) nutrient cycle (n.)
12) 养分循环 (n.