All About Chocolate
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Where Chocolate Comes From.
4巧克力从哪里来。
5 Preparing the Beans.
5 准备豆子。
8 From Beans to Chocolate.
8 从豆子到巧克力。
12 History of Chocolate.
12 巧克力历史.
16 Chocolate Today.
16个巧克力今天。
20 Try This!
20 试试这个!
22 Conclusion.
22 结论。
23 Glossary.
23 词汇表。
24 Index.
24 指数。
24 Introduction Ask people about their favorite sweet thing to eat, and they’ll probably say it’s chocolate.
导言 他们可能会说这是巧克力。
People around the world love chocolate.
全世界的人都喜欢巧克力
They love it so much that every year they eat more chocolate than any other sweet.
他们非常喜欢它,以至于每年都会吃比其他甜的多的巧克力.
Today, most cacao trees are grown on farms called plantations.
如今,大多数可可树都种植在被称作种植园的农场上.
The trees have lots of small white or yellow flowers that bloom during the year.
树上有许多小白花或黄花花,在年内开花.
Some of the flowers change into pods, but most do not.
有的花会变成花被,但大多数不会.
Cacao trees grow in the wild, as well as on plantations.
卡考树生长于野外以及种植园.
Where Chocolate Comes From It might surprise you to learn that chocolate actually grows on trees.
巧克力从哪里来 可能让你惊讶的是 巧克力真的长在树上
That doesn’t mean that you can pick a chunk of chocolate from a tree branch and eat it.
这并不意味着你可以从树枝上取出一块巧克力来吃。
In fact, the chocolate growing on trees looks, tastes, and smells nothing like the chocolate you eat.
事实上,树上生长的巧克力看起来,味道,闻起来都不像你吃的巧克力.
The tree that gives us chocolate is the cacao (kah-KOW) tree.
给我们巧克力的树是可可(kah-KOW)树.
Chocolate comes from beans that are found in large pods on the tree.
巧克力出自于树上出土的大型豆子.
Cacao trees grow near the equator, where it is hot and wet.
卡克奥树生长于赤道附近,生长地炎热湿润.
The shaded areas of the map show where cacao trees grow close to the equator, where it is hot.
地图上被遮蔽的地区显示出可可树生长于赤道附近,发热地.
The pods are shaped like little footballs.
吊舱形状像小橄榄球.
The pods are green when they first form, but they change to a golden or reddish color as they get ripe.
舱口初成形时为绿色,但随着熟后会变为金色或红色.
These pods contain the beans that will be used to make chocolate.
这些豆子中含有用来做巧克力的豆子.
Preparing the Beans Taking the pods from the cacao trees is the first step in making chocolate.
准备豆子 从可可树上取出豆子 是制作巧克力的第一步
But it’s not the pods that are important—it’s the 20 to 50 beans found inside the pods, which are actually the tree’s seeds.
但并不是树的种子。
It takes a lot of beans and a lot of work to make chocolate.
需要大量豆子和大量的工作来做巧克力.
First, the pods are gathered.
首先,舱被收集。
Then, someone using a large blade called a machete (mah-SHET-ee) cuts the pods open.
然后,有人用一把叫"砍刀"(mah-SHET-ee)的大刀将吊舱切开.
A harvester cracks open cacao pods to get at the seeds.
收割机会裂开出出出产的可可花被子.
The beans are then scooped out of the open pod.
豆子从开放舱里取出
The beans are not brown, as you might expect.
豆子不是棕色的,你可能会期望。
Instead, they are cream colored and covered with a soft pulp.
取而代之的是奶油色并被软纸浆所覆盖.
These beans are a long way from being the chocolate you know.
这些豆子远不是巧克力
This is what the inside of a cacao tree pod looks like.
这是可可树舱的内在外表
The pulp-covered beans are put into piles or boxes and covered.
被纸浆覆盖的豆子被放入堆或箱并被覆盖.
As the beans come in contact with the air, they begin to change from a cream color to a purple color.
随着豆子与空气相接,它们开始从奶油色变为了紫色.
The beans also change on the inside in a process called fermentation.
豆子在一种叫做发酵的过程中也会在内部变化.
Fermentation can take more than a week, but the fermented beans still do not taste or smell like chocolate.
发酵可能需要一周多的时间,但发酵后出产的豆子仍然没有巧克力的味道或味道.
A worker spreads the cacao beans so they can dry and then begin the fermentation process.
工人将可可豆放出后可以干燥并开始发酵过程.
From Beans to Chocolate Making chocolate from the fermented, dried beans is a very long and complicated process.
从豆子到巧克力 从发酵后制作出巧克力,干豆是一个非常漫长而复杂的过程.
First, the beans need to be cleaned, which removes any remaining pulp or pieces of the pods.
首先需要清洗出豆子,清除出任何残存的纸浆或被放入的豆子.
Then, chocolate makers blend different varieties of beans to make sure the chocolate has just the right flavor.
然后,巧克力制造者混合了不同品种的豆子,以确保巧克力有正确的口味.
The cleaned and blended beans are roasted in order to bring out the chocolate flavor.
被清洗和混合的豆子被烤焦,以取出巧克力口味.
This is the stage when the beans begin to smell like chocolate.
这就是豆子开始闻到巧克力味的舞台.
As the beans are roasted, the thin shell that covers them grows brittle.
豆子被烤熟后 覆盖的薄壳会变得脆脆
The beans pass through a special machine that cracks their shells and blows away the pieces of shell with fans.
豆子通过一款特殊机器来裂开外壳并用扇子将外壳碎片吹走.
Beans roast in giant drums at a candy factory.
豆子在糖果厂被大桶烤了
After the beans have fermented, they are dried.
豆子发酵后再干.
As they dry, the beans are turned.
干时取出豆子作转相.
Once the beans are dry, they are placed in large cloth bags and shipped to makers of chocolate.
豆子干后被放入大布袋并被运往巧克力生产商.
Workers spread cacao beans to dry in the sun.
工人将可可豆传播到阳光下干燥.
After the liquid cocoa butter is removed, the solid part of the bar is ground into a powder.
液态可可黄油取出后,棒状固体部分被地制成粉末.
Cocoa powder is sent to dairies and bakeries to flavor baked goods and dairy products.
可可粉被送到乳房和面包店去取出口味的烤货和奶制品.
The chocolate we eat is made in the final step, called conching (KONCH-ing).
我们吃的巧克力是最后一步做的,叫做"接"(KONCH-ing).
Conching takes place in machines with big rollers.
相接是用大滚筒的机器进行的。
Sugar, cocoa powder, cocoa butter, and other ingredients are rolled and mixed until smooth.
糖,可可粉,可可黄油等成分被卷起并混合到平滑状态.
The smooth mixture is poured into molds and cooled.
平滑的混合物被倒入模具并冷却.
After it has cooled and solidified, the chocolate is removed from the molds and wrapped in packages for shipping.
在冷却和固化后,从模具上取出巧克力并用包裹包裹来运输.
After the shells are removed, only the meaty part of the bean, called the nib, remains.
取出贝壳后,仅存取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取
The nibs are ground up and crushed until they become a liquid.
b被打倒并被打碎,直到变成液体.
The liquid is poured into molds where it cools into bars of bitter, unsweetened chocolate.
液体被倒入模具中,在其中冷却为苦味,无甜味的巧克力棒.
The bars are then pressed until the most important part of the chocolate, a yellow liquid called cocoa butter, is removed.
然后按下杆子,直到巧克力中最重要的一部份被取出,一种叫可可黄油的黄色液体.
The cocoa butter drains through a screen and is collected to make the chocolate we eat.
可可黄油通过屏幕排出,被收集来制造出我们吃的巧克力.
Word Origins Cacao or Cocoa?
卡考还是可可?
When the products of the cacao tree made their way to English-speaking countries, the Spanish word cacao became the English word cocoa.
可可树的产品通向英语国家后,西班牙语"cacao"一词就成为了英语"可可"一词.
Writers and speakers of English today still use the word cacao when discussing the tree and its flowers, pods, and beans.
今天的英语作家和演讲者在讨论树及其花朵,花被和豆子时仍然使用"可可"一词.
People usually use the word cocoa when discussing the many products that come from the beans.
人们通常在讨论出自豆类的许多出产产品时会使用"可可"一词.
History of Chocolate As near as historians can tell, people living in Mexico and Central America were using chocolate almost 2,000 years ago.
巧克力的历史 正如历史学家所知, 生活在墨西哥和中美洲的人 几乎在两千年前使用巧克力。
These people enjoyed a drink made from chocolate.
这些人享受用巧克力做的饮料.
But if you were to try this drink today, you’d find that it tastes much different from the chocolate drinks you enjoy.
但是如果你今天尝试这种饮料, 你会发现这种饮料的味道与你喜欢的巧克力饮料大不相同。
In fact, it was a very bitter- tasting drink—kind of like coffee.
实际上,它是一个非常苦味的饮料, 类似咖啡。
Christopher Columbus brought some cacao beans back from the New World to show to the king and queen of Spain.
克里斯托弗·哥伦布从新世界带回了一些可可豆来给西班牙国王和女王展示.
But Europeans did not know what to do with the beans, so they mostly ignored them.
但欧洲人不知道该怎么处理这些豆子,所以他们大多忽略了.
They were more interested in spices and other things Columbus brought back.
他们对香料和其他哥伦布带回来的东西更感兴趣.
Cortes brought back knowledge of how to make the chocolate drink, but it still was not popular outside the New World.
科特斯带回了如何制作巧克力饮料的知识,但是在"新世界"之外仍然不受欢迎.
Not until the Spanish began mixing sugar with the drink did chocolate begin spreading in popularity.
直到西班牙人开始把糖和饮料相混合 巧克力才开始流行
Until the 1600s and 1700s, chocolate was a luxury food for royalty and powerful church officials.
直到1600年代和1700年代,巧克力是皇室和有势力的教会官员的奢侈食品.
But during the 1600s, people began grinding large amounts of cacao beans in mills, producing much more chocolate and lowering the cost.
但在1600年代,人们开始在磨坊中磨出大量的可可豆,生产出更多的巧克力并降低成本.
The invention of smooth milk chocolate also increased the treat’s popularity.
光滑的牛奶巧克力的发明也增加了受欢迎的口味。
The first chocolate shop in London, England, was opened in 1657.
英国伦敦第一家巧克力店于1657年开业.
In the 1700s, a steam-driven chocolate grinder was invented, allowing factories to quickly make tons of affordable chocolate.
在1700年代,发明了蒸汽驱动的巧克力磨坊,使工厂能迅速制造出吨能负担得起的巧克力.
Today, chocolate is a favorite and affordable treat in many countries.
今天,巧克力是许多国家最喜爱和负担得起的治疗。
Chocolate is enjoyed with gusto by people of all ages.
巧克力被所有年龄的人所取悦
A Spanish explorer by the name of Hernan Cortes helped Europeans begin to see that there was value in cacao beans.
一位叫赫南·科尔特斯(Hernan Cortes)的西班牙探险家帮助欧洲人开始看到可可豆有价值.
The great Aztec ruler Montezuma had served Cortes a drink made from cacao beans.
伟大的阿兹特克统治者蒙特祖马曾为克特斯提供由可可豆制成的饮料.
The Aztecs told Cortes that it was the drink of the gods.
阿兹特克人告诉克特斯这是神的饮料.
They believed that cacao beans gave them added wisdom and strength.
他们相信可可豆给了他们更多的智慧和力量.
They placed so much value on cacao beans that they used the beans as a form of money.
他们把很多价值放在可可豆上,把豆子当作金钱来使用.
Cortes saw much more value in the beans as money than as a drink.
科特斯认为在豆子中作为钱的价值远大于作为饮料的价值.
He planted cacao trees so that he could use the beans, not for chocolate, but as money.
他种植了可可树,这样他就可以用到豆子,而不是巧克力,而是作为钱.
It was his way of growing money on trees.
这是他在树上赚钱的方法
The first use of chocolate by people in Mexico and Central America Chocolate used as money by people of Mexico and Central America Columbus brings cacao beans back to Europe Hernan Cortes brings cacao beans and knowledge of how to make a chocolate drink to Spain A Frenchman opens the first chocolate shop in London, England Cocoa press is invented First solid chocolate bar is sold A man in Switzerland makes and sells the first milk chocolate Milton Hershey establishes Hershey Chocolate Company Invention of a method for making chocolates filled with other sweets World consumes over 3,000,000 metric tons of cacao beans History of Chocolate Chocolate Today Most of the chocolate made in factories today is used to make chocolate candy.
墨西哥和中美洲人首次使用巧克力 哥伦布将可可豆带回欧洲 赫尔南·克特斯将可可豆带回欧洲 并知道如何给西班牙做巧克力饮料 世界消费了超过3,000,000公吨可可豆的历史 巧克力巧克力 今天工厂制造的巧克力 大多用来做巧克力糖果
Other chocolate goes into ice cream, chocolate drinks, and baked goods such as cakes and doughnuts.
其他巧克力会进入冰激凌,巧克力饮料,以及蛋糕和甜甜圈等烘焙商品.
Even a sauce called mole (MOLE-ay), used in Mexican cooking, is made from chocolate.
甚至一种叫"摩尔"(MOLE-ay)的酱油也用于墨西哥烹饪,由巧克力制成.
Some specialty shops sell only chocolate treats.
一些特产店只售出巧克力的外卖.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Recent medical studies show that there are definite medical benefits in eating chocolate.
最近的医学研究表明,吃巧克力有明确的医学好处.
The benefits are linked to dark chocolate, rather than milk chocolate.
好处与暗巧克力有关,而不是牛奶巧克力.
Some of the medical benefits include a reduction in heart disease and blood pressure.
一些医疗福利包括减少心脏病和血压。
Each year people around the world consume, or eat, tons of chocolate.
每年世界各地人们食用或食用一吨巧克力.
The people of Switzerland consume more chocolate per person than anyone else in the world.
瑞士人民每人消费的巧克力比世界上任何人都多.
They are joined in their love of chocolate by people in many other European countries.
他们被其他许多欧洲国家的人加入到对巧克力的热爱中去.
The table below shows chocolate consumption in the top ten chocolate-consuming countries.
下表列出十大巧克力消费国巧克力消费.
Top Chocolate-Consuming Countries on a Per-Person, Per-Year Basis Yummy Chocolate Brownies Make sure you have an adult to help you with any cutting or handling of hot foods.
以人为单位、以年为单位的巧克力消费大国 确保您有成年人来帮助您 任何切割或处理热食品。
over a 9 x13- inch (15- cup) baking pan.
9×13英寸(15-杯)烤锅以上.
stirring the mixture until smooth.
搅拌混合物直到平滑。
is completely wet.
完全湿了
it evenly.
都一样
to pull away from the sides of the pan.
从锅边拉开
them.
他们。
Makes 12 brownies.
做了12个蛋糕
Try This!
试试这个!
Conclusion It took a long time for chocolate to become popular outside the regions of Central and South America where cacao trees come from.
结论 巧克力在中美洲和南美洲的可可树出产地以外地区很长一段时间才被流行.
Over the years, people added things such as sugar and milk to the long and complicated process of making chocolate from cacao beans.
多年来,人们在从可可豆制出巧克力的漫长而复杂的过程中加入了糖和牛奶等东西.
Today, people around the world eat millions of kilograms of chocolate, making it the world’s most popular sweet.
今天,世界各地的人吃上百万公斤的巧克力,使其成为世界上最受欢迎的甜品。
The next time you eat chocolate, think about how it was made.
下次你吃巧克力的时候 想想它是如何做的